{"id":56281,"date":"2025-08-14T16:04:44","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T08:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/56281.html"},"modified":"2025-08-14T16:04:44","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T08:04:44","slug":"%e5%85%b3%e7%b3%bb%e5%9e%8b%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e5%85%b3%e7%b3%bb%e4%b8%8e%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/56281.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u8868\u4e0e\u8868\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb：\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3<\/p>\n

1.1 \u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

1.2 \u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

1.3 \u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

1.4 \u81ea\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2：\u591a\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8054\u5408\u63d0\u53d6\u200b<\/p>\n

2.1 \u5185\u8fde\u63a5（INNER JOIN）：\u53d6\u4e24\u8868\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6<\/p>\n

2.2 \u5de6\u8fde\u63a5（LEFT JOIN）：\u4fdd\u7559\u5de6\u8868\u5168\u90e8\u8bb0\u5f55<\/p>\n

2.3 \u53f3\u8fde\u63a5（RIGHT JOIN）：\u4fdd\u7559\u53f3\u8868\u5168\u90e8\u8bb0\u5f55<\/p>\n

2.4 \u5168\u8fde\u63a5（FULL JOIN）：\u4fdd\u7559\u4e24\u8868\u5168\u90e8\u8bb0\u5f55<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u200b<\/p>\n

\n

\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93（RDBMS）\u4e2d，\u8868\u4e0e\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3，\u800c\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2\u5219\u662f\u6316\u6398\u591a\u8868\u6570\u636e\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b，\u8be6\u89e3\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a\u5176\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u8868\u4e0e\u8868\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb：\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3<\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb（Relationship）\u662f\u6307\u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u540c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8054\u7cfb，\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u952e（Foreign Key）\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c，\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b：<\/p>\n

1.1 \u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n

\u5b9a\u4e49：\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u4e2d，A \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5e94 B \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55，\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n

\u7279\u5f81：\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u62c6\u5206\u5b57\u6bb5\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u8868（\u5982\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u79bb），\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u952e\u4e0e\u5916\u952e\u5173\u8054（\u5916\u952e\u9700\u6dfb\u52a0\u552f\u4e00\u7ea6\u675fUNIQUE）\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

— –\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00 CREATE TABLE user_info ( \u00a0 user_id INT PRIMARY KEY not null AUTO_INCREMENT, \u00a0 username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE, \u00a0 email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE ); INSERT INTO user_info (username, email) VALUES\u00a0 ('zhangsan', 'zhangsan@qq.com'), ('lisi', 'lisi@qq.com'); CREATE TABLE user_profile ( \u00a0 profile_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, \u00a0 user_id INT NOT NULL UNIQUE,\u00a0 \u00a0 real_name VARCHAR(50), \u00a0 address VARCHAR(200), \u00a0 CONSTRAINT fk_profile_user FOREIGN KEY (user_id)\u00a0 \u00a0 REFERENCES user_info (user_id)\u00a0 \u00a0 ON DELETE CASCADE\u00a0 );<\/p>\n

INSERT INTO user_profile (user_id, real_name, address) VALUES\u00a0 (1, '\u5f20\u4e09', '\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6d77\u6dc0\u533a'), (2, '\u674e\u56db', '\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u6d66\u4e1c\u65b0\u533a');<\/p>\n

select user_id from user_info where username = "zhangsan"; select real_name from user_profile where user_id =(select user_id from user_info where username = "zhangsan")<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1.2 \u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n

\u5b9a\u4e49：A \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94 B \u8868\u7684\u591a\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55，\u4f46 B \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5e94 A \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n

\u7279\u5f81：\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb，\u901a\u8fc7 \u201c\u4e00\u201d \u4fa7\u8868\u7684\u4e3b\u952e\u4e0e \u201c\u591a\u201d \u4fa7\u8868\u7684\u5916\u952e\u5173\u8054（\u5916\u952e\u65e0\u552f\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f）\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

— \u4e00\u5bf9\u591a CREATE TABLE department ( \u00a0 dept_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, \u00a0 dept_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE, \u00a0 location VARCHAR(100) ); INSERT INTO department (dept_name, location) VALUES\u00a0 ('\u7814\u53d1\u90e8', '\u529e\u516c\u697cA\u5ea7'), ('\u5e02\u573a\u90e8', '\u529e\u516c\u697cB\u5ea7'); CREATE TABLE employee ( \u00a0 emp_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, \u00a0 emp_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, \u00a0 dept_id INT,\u00a0 \u00a0 salary DECIMAL(10,2), —\u00a0 \u00a0 CONSTRAINT fk_emp_dept FOREIGN KEY (dept_id)\u00a0 \u00a0 REFERENCES department (dept_id)\u00a0 \u00a0 ON DELETE SET NULL \u00a0 ); INSERT INTO employee (emp_name, dept_id, salary) VALUES\u00a0 ('zs', 1, 8000), ('ls', 1, 9000), ('ww', 2, 7500); — SELECT d.dept_name, e.emp_name, e.salary\u00a0 FROM `department` d JOIN `employee` e ON d.dept_id = e.dept_id WHERE d.dept_name = '\u7814\u53d1\u90e8';<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

1.3 \u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n

\u5b9a\u4e49：A \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94 B \u8868\u7684\u591a\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55，\u53cd\u4e4b B \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e5f\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94 A \u8868\u7684\u591a\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n

\u7279\u5f81：\u9700\u901a\u8fc7 \u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u201d \u5b9e\u73b0\u5173\u8054，\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5916\u952e，\u5206\u522b\u5173\u8054\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u4e3b\u952e\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

— \u591a\u5bf9\u591a CREATE TABLE products ( \u00a0 \u00a0 product_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, \u00a0 \u00a0 product_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, \u00a0 \u00a0 price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL ); INSERT INTO products (product_name, price) VALUES ('\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111', 5999.99), ('\u673a\u68b0\u952e\u76d8', 299.99), ('\u9f20\u6807', 99.99), ('\u8033\u673a', 799.99); CREATE TABLE orders ( \u00a0 \u00a0 order_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, \u00a0 \u00a0 order_number VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 customer_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL ); INSERT INTO orders (order_number, customer_name) VALUES ('ORD2023001', '\u5f20\u4e09'), ('ORD2023002', '\u674e\u56db'); CREATE TABLE order_products ( \u00a0 \u00a0 id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, \u00a0 \u00a0 order_id INT NOT NULL, \u00a0 \u00a0 product_id INT NOT NULL, \u00a0 \u00a0 quantity INT NOT NULL,\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 unit_price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 CONSTRAINT fk_order\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 FOREIGN KEY (order_id)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 REFERENCES orders(order_id) \u00a0 \u00a0 ON DELETE CASCADE, \u00a0 \u00a0 CONSTRAINT fk_product\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 FOREIGN KEY (product_id)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 REFERENCES products(product_id) \u00a0 \u00a0 ON DELETE CASCADE, \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 UNIQUE KEY uk_order_product (order_id, product_id) ); INSERT INTO order_products (order_id, product_id, quantity, unit_price) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 5999.99),\u00a0 (1, 2, 1, 299.99), (1, 3, 1, 99.99), \u00a0 (2, 2, 2, 299.99), \u00a0 (2, 4, 1, 799.99); SELECT o.order_number,p.product_name,op.quantity FROM orders o JOIN order_products op ON o.order_id = op.order_id JOIN products p ON op.product_id = p.product_id WHERE o.order_number = 'ORD2023001';<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

1.4 \u81ea\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n

\u5b9a\u4e49：\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5173\u8054\u540c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u6bb5，\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u7ea7\u6216\u9012\u5f52\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n

\u7279\u5f81：\u5916\u952e\u6307\u5411\u81ea\u8eab\u8868\u7684\u4e3b\u952e，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784（\u5982\u7ec4\u7ec7\u67b6\u6784\u3001\u8bc4\u8bba\u56de\u590d）\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

— –\u81ea\u5173\u8054 CREATE TABLE person ( \u00a0 \u00a0 id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, \u00a0 \u00a0 name VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, \u00a0 \u00a0 parent_id INT, \u00a0 \u00a0 PRIMARY KEY (id), \u00a0 \u00a0 FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) REFERENCES person(id) \u00a0 ); INSERT INTO `teacher`.`person`(`id`, `name`, `parent_id`) VALUES (1, 'p1', NULL); INSERT INTO `teacher`.`person`(`id`, `name`, `parent_id`) VALUES (2, ' p2', NULL); INSERT INTO `teacher`.`person`(`id`, `name`, `parent_id`) VALUES (3, 'p11', 1); INSERT INTO `teacher`.`person`(`id`, `name`, `parent_id`) VALUES (4, ' p12', 1); INSERT INTO `teacher`.`person`(`id`, `name`, `parent_id`) VALUES (5, 'p21', 2); INSERT INTO `teacher`.`person`(`id`, `name`, `parent_id`) VALUES (6, ' p22', 2);<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2：\u591a\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8054\u5408\u63d0\u53d6\u200b<\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2（Join Query）\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u8054\u6761\u4ef6\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u5f0f，\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4f7f\u7528JOIN\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u8868，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7ON\u5b50\u53e5\u6307\u5b9a\u5173\u8054\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5bf9 \u201c\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u8bb0\u5f55\u201d \u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u7c7b：<\/p>\n

2.1 \u5185\u8fde\u63a5（INNER JOIN）：\u53d6\u4e24\u8868\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6<\/h4>\n

\u4f5c\u7528：\u4ec5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u4e2d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5173\u8054\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55（\u5373 \u201c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6\u201d）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

CREATE TABLE light(id INT NOT NULL auto_increment PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, size INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1.2, des VARCHAR(500) );<\/p>\n

INSERT INTO light (name,size,des) VALUES\u00a0 ("\u957f\u706f",1.5,NULL), ("\u957f\u6761\u5438\u9876\u706f",2.0,NULL), ("\u65e5\u5149\u706f\u7ba1",1.2,NULL), ("\u957f\u706f",1.5,NULL), ("\u666f\u89c2\u957f\u706f",1.3,NULL), ("\u65e5\u5149\u706f\u7ba1",1.6,NULL);<\/p>\n

CREATE TABLE light_category ( \u00a0 \u00a0 category_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, \u00a0 \u00a0 category_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 description VARCHAR(200)\u00a0 );<\/p>\n

ALTER TABLE light\u00a0 ADD COLUMN category_id INT, ADD CONSTRAINT fk_light_category\u00a0 FOREIGN KEY (category_id) REFERENCES light_category(category_id);<\/p>\n

INSERT INTO light_category (category_name, description) VALUES ('\u5bb6\u5c45\u957f\u706f', '\u5bb6\u5ead\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u957f\u6761\u5f62\u706f\u5177'), ('\u5546\u7528\u957f\u706f', '\u516c\u5171\u573a\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u957f\u6761\u5f62\u706f\u5177'), ('\u6237\u5916\u957f\u706f', '\u5ba4\u5916\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u957f\u6761\u5f62\u706f\u5177');<\/p>\n

select l.id,l.name,l.size,c.category_name from \u00a0light l inner join light_category c on l.category_id = c.category_id;<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2.2 \u5de6\u8fde\u63a5（LEFT JOIN）：\u4fdd\u7559\u5de6\u8868\u5168\u90e8\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h4>\n

\u4f5c\u7528：\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55，\u4ee5\u53ca\u53f3\u8868\u4e2d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5173\u8054\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55（\u53f3\u8868\u65e0\u5339\u914d\u5219\u663e\u793aNULL）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

select l.id,l.name,l.size,c.category_name from \u00a0light l left join light_category c on l.category_id = c.category_id;<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2.3 \u53f3\u8fde\u63a5（RIGHT JOIN）：\u4fdd\u7559\u53f3\u8868\u5168\u90e8\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h4>\n

\u4f5c\u7528：\u8fd4\u56de\u53f3\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de6\u8868\u4e2d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5173\u8054\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55（\u5de6\u8868\u65e0\u5339\u914d\u5219\u663e\u793aNULL）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

select l.id,l.name,l.size,c.category_name from \u00a0light l right join light_category c on l.category_id = c.category_id;<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2.4 \u5168\u8fde\u63a5（FULL JOIN）：\u4fdd\u7559\u4e24\u8868\u5168\u90e8\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h4>\n

\u4f5c\u7528：\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u8868\u548c\u53f3\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55，\u4e24\u8868\u4e2d\u65e0\u5339\u914d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5747\u663e\u793aNULL\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bf4\u660e：MySQL \u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301FULL JOIN，\u9700\u901a\u8fc7LEFT JOIN\u4e0eRIGHT JOIN\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8054\u5408（UNION）\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

select l.id,l.name,l.size,c.category_name from \u00a0light l left join light_category c on l.category_id = c.category_id and select l.id,l.name,l.size,c.category_name from \u00a0light l right join light_category c on l.category_id = c.category_id;<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u200b<\/h3>\n

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