{"id":55727,"date":"2025-08-14T07:36:32","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T23:36:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/55727.html"},"modified":"2025-08-14T07:36:32","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T23:36:32","slug":"c%e4%b8%bb%e6%b5%81string%e7%9a%84%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/55727.html","title":{"rendered":"C++\u4e3b\u6d41string\u7684\u4f7f\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6458\u8981：<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86C++\u4e2dstring\u7c7b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n

1.\u591a\u79cd\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5；<\/p>\n

2.operator[]\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbf\u95ee；<\/p>\n

3.\u6b63\u5411\/\u53cd\u5411\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7684\u4f7f\u7528；<\/p>\n

4.auto\u548c\u8303\u56f4for\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\u7684\u5e94\u7528；<\/p>\n

5.size\/length\/capacity\u7b49\u5bb9\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u51fd\u6570；<\/p>\n

6.push_back\/insert\u7b49\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c；<\/p>\n

7.append\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5；<\/p>\n

8.pop_back\/erase\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c；<\/p>\n

9.find\u67e5\u627e\u529f\u80fd；<\/p>\n

10.compare\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u7ae0\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86string\u7c7b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528C++\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001string\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001string\u7684operator[]<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001string\u4e2d\u4e0e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001"\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6"auto\u548c\u8303\u56f4for<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001string\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5bb9\u91cf<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001string\u7684\u63d2\u5165<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001string\u7684\u62fc\u63a5<\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001string\u7684\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n

\u4e5d\u3001string\u7684\u67e5\u627e<\/p>\n

\u5341\u3001string\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001string\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n

string\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u8f7d，\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

string();\/\/string\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

string(const string& str);\/\/string\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

string(const string& str, size_t pos, size_t len = npos);\/\/\u590d\u5236\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4f4d\u7f6e pos \u5f00\u59cb\u5e76\u8de8\u8d8a len\u5b57\u7b26\u7684str\u90e8\u5206
\n(\u5982\u679c str \u592a\u77ed\u6216 len \u662f string：：npos，\u5219\u590d\u5236\u5230 str \u7684\u672b\u5c3e)\u3002<\/p>\n

string(const char* s);\/\/\u590d\u5236\u7531s\u6307\u5411\u7684\u4ee5 null \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217（s\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32）\u3002<\/p>\n

string(const char* s, size_t n);\/\/\u4eces\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u524d n \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

string(size_t n, char c);\/\/\u751f\u6210n\u4e2ac\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nstring s0; \/\/string();
\nstring s1("hello string");
\nstring s2(s1); \/\/string(const string& str);
\nstring s3(s2, 5, 7); \/\/string(const string& str, size_t pos, size_t len = npos);
\nconst char* s = "hello lzg";
\nstring s4(s); \/\/string(const char* s);
\nstring s5(s,5); \/\/string(const char* s, size_t n);
\nstring s6(10, 'x'); \/\/string(size_t n, char c);<\/p>\n

cout << s0 << endl;
\ncout << s1 << endl;
\ncout << s2 << endl;
\ncout << s3 << endl;
\ncout << s4 << endl;
\ncout << s5 << endl;
\ncout << s6 << endl;<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001string\u7684operator[]<\/h2>\n

\u8bf4\u660e：\u8fd4\u56depos\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26，const string\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n

class string
\n{
\nchar& operator[](size_t pos)
\n{
\nassert(pos<_size);
\nreturn _str[pos];
\n}
\nprivate:
\nchar* _str;
\nsize_t _size;
\nsize_t _capacity;
\n};<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nstring s1("hello string");
\nfor (size_t i = 0; i < s1.size(); i++)
\n{
\ns1[i]++;
\n}
\nfor (size_t i = 0; i < s1.size(); i++)
\n{
\ncout << s1[i] << ' ';
\n}
\n} <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001string\u4e2d\u4e0e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u4e0e\u6b63\u5411\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570 begin\u51fd\u6570：\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

end\u51fd\u6570：\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u675f\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668，\u5373\u2019\\\\0\u2019<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nstring s1("hello string");
\nstring::iterator it1 = s1.begin();
\nwhile (it1 != s1.end())
\n{
\n(*it1)–;<\/p>\n

++it1;
\n}
\ncout << endl;<\/p>\n

it1 = s1.begin();
\nwhile (it1 != s1.end())
\n{
\ncout << *it1 << " ";
\n++it1;
\n}
\ncout << endl;
\n} <\/p>\n

2\u3001\u4e0e\u53cd\u5411\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

rbegin\u51fd\u6570：\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5411\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

rend\u51fd\u6570：\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5411\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

#include <iostream>
\n#include <string>
\nusing namespace std;
\nint main()
\n{
\nstring s("hello string");<\/p>\n

\/\/\u53cd\u5411\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668
\nstring::reverse_iterator rit = s.rbegin();
\nwhile (rit != s.rend())
\n{
\ncout << *rit;
\nrit++;
\n}
\ncout << endl; <\/p>\n

return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001"\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6"auto\u548c\u8303\u56f4for<\/h2>\n

auto\u548c\u8303\u56f4for\u90fd\u662fc++11\u624d\u652f\u6301\u7684<\/p>\n

auto\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5230\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

\u8303\u56f4for\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u53d6\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u5de6\u8fb9\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u52a8++，\u81ea\u52a8\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nint i = 0;
\nauto a = i; \/\/a\u662fint\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

std::map<std::string, std::string> dict;
\n\/\/std::map<std::string, std::string>::iterator dict = dict.begin();
\n\/\/auto dict = dict.begin();
\nstring s1("hello world");<\/p>\n

\/\/for(char& e:s1)
\nfor (auto& e : s1)
\n{
\ncout << e << " ";
\n}
\n} <\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：\u6539\u53d8e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cds1，\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u628as1\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u4e86e<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001string\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5bb9\u91cf<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528size\u51fd\u6570\u6216length\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6548\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

size_t size() const;
\nsize_t length() const；<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nstring s0;
\nstring s1("hello string");<\/p>\n

cout << s1.size()<<endl; \/\/12
\ncout << s1.length()<< endl; \/\/12<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528max_size\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6string\u5bf9\u8c61\u5bf9\u591a\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570<\/p>\n

size_t max_size() const;<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nstring s0;
\nstring s1("hello string");<\/p>\n

cout << s1.max_size()<<endl;\/\/x86\u73af\u5883\u4e0b2147483647<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

x86\u548cx64\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u51e0\u4e4e\u7528\u4e0d\u5230<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528capacity\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n

size_t capacity() const;<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nstring s0;
\nstring s1("hello string");<\/p>\n

cout << s1.capacity()<<endl;\/\/15 <\/p>\n

return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001string\u7684\u63d2\u5165<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528push_back\u8fdb\u884c\u5c3e\u63d2<\/p>\n

void push_back (char c);<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nstring s0;
\nstring s1("hello ");<\/p>\n

s1.push_back('w');
\ns1.push_back('o');
\ns1.push_back('r');
\ns1.push_back('d');
\ncout << s1 << endl;\/\/hello word<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528insert\u63d2\u5165<\/p>\n

string& insert (size_t pos, const string& str); string& insert (size_t pos, const char* s); iterator insert (iterator p, char c);<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n\/\/string& insert(size_t pos, const string& str);
\n\/\/\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\u63d2\u5165string\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61
\nstring s1("jingfeng ");
\nstring s0("CSDN");
\ns1.insert(9,s0);
\ncout << s1 << endl;\/\/jingfeng CSDN<\/p>\n

\/\/string& insert(size_t pos, const char* s);
\n\/\/\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\nstring s2("jingfeng");
\nconst char* s = "CSDN\u535a\u4e3b:";
\ns2.insert(0, s);
\ncout << s2 << endl;\/\/CSDN\u535a\u4e3b:jingfeng<\/p>\n

\/\/iterator insert(iterator p, char c);
\n\/\/\u7528iterator\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165\u5b57\u7b26
\nstring s3("ello");
\nstring::iterator it1 = s3.begin();
\ns3.insert(it1, 'h');
\ncout << s3 << endl;\/\/hello<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001string\u7684\u62fc\u63a5<\/h2>\n

\u4f7f\u7528append\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6210string\u7684\u62fc\u63a5：<\/p>\n

string& append (const string& str); string& append (const char* s); string& append (size_t n, char c);<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n\/\/string& append(const string& str);
\n\/\/\u5728s1\u540e\u9762\u62fc\u63a5string\u7c7b\u7684str\u5bf9\u8c61
\nstring s1("hello ");
\nstring str("world ");
\ns1.append(str);
\ncout << s1 << endl;\/\/hello world <\/p>\n

\/\/string& append(const char* s);
\n\/\/\u5728s2\u540e\u9762\u62fc\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s
\nstring s2("hello ");
\nconst char* s = "append";
\ns2.append(s);
\ncout << s2 << endl;<\/p>\n

\/\/string& append(size_t n, char c);
\n\/\/\u5c06n\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26char\u62fc\u63a5\u5230string\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e\u9762
\nstring s3("CSD");
\nchar c = 'N';
\ns3.append(1,c);
\ncout << s3 << endl;\/\/CSDN
\nreturn 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001string\u7684\u5220\u9664<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pop_back\u8fdb\u884c\u5c3e\u5220<\/p>\n

void pop_back();<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nstring s1("hello world");
\ns1.pop_back();
\ns1.pop_back();
\ns1.pop_back();
\ns1.pop_back();
\ns1.pop_back();
\ncout << s1 << endl;\/\/hello
\n} <\/p>\n

2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528erase\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n

string& erase (size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos); iterator erase (iterator p); iterator erase (iterator first, iterator last);<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n\/\/string& erase(size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos);
\n\/\/\u5728pos\u4f4d\u7f6e(\u5305\u62ecpos)\u5220\u9664\u540e\u9762len\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26
\nstring s1("hello world");
\ns1.erase(5, 6);
\ncout << s1 << endl;\/\/hello\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u683c<\/p>\n

\/\/iterator erase(iterator p);
\n\/\/\u6307\u5b9a\u5220\u9664iterator\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e
\nstring s2("CSSDN");
\nstring::iterator it = s2.begin();
\ns2.erase(++it);
\ncout << s2 << endl;\/\/CSDN<\/p>\n

\/\/iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last);
\n\/\/\u5220\u9664[first,last)\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e
\nstring s3("123333333333456");\/\/10\u4e2a3
\nstring::iterator it1 = s3.begin();
\nstring::iterator it2 = s3.end();
\ns3.erase(it1+2,it2-3);
\ncout << s3 << endl;\/\/123456<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u4e5d\u3001string\u7684\u67e5\u627e<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528find\u51fd\u6570\u6b63\u5411\u641c\u7d22\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u9879<\/p>\n

size_t find (const string& str, size_t pos = 0) const; size_t find (const char* s, size_t pos = 0) const; size_t find (char c, size_t pos = 0) const;<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nstring s1("https:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/jingfeng514");
\n\/\/size_t find(const string& str, size_t pos = 0) const;
\n\/\/find(string)\u6b63\u5411\u641c\u7d22\u4e0estring\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e
\nstring s2("\/");
\nint n = s1.find(s2);
\ncout << n << endl;\/\/6<\/p>\n

\/\/size_t find(const char* s, size_t pos = 0) const;
\n\/\/find(char* s)\u6b63\u5411\u641c\u7d22\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32str\u6240\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e
\nconst char* s = "tt";
\nint n1 = s1.find(s);
\ncout << n1 << endl;\/\/1<\/p>\n

\/\/size_t find(char c, size_t pos = 0) const;
\n\/\/find(char)\u6b63\u5411\u641c\u7d22\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26s\u6240\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e
\nconst char c = '.';
\nint n2 = s1.find(c);
\ncout << n2 << endl;\/\/12
\nreturn 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u5341\u3001string\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h2>\n

\u4f7f\u7528compare\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6210\u6bd4\u8f83：<\/p>\n

int compare (const string& str) const; int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str) const; int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str, size_t subpos, size_t sublen)\u00a0 const;<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u8f83\u89c4\u5219： \u20031\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u503c\u8f83\u5c0f，\u6216\u8005\u6240\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u5339\u914d，\u4f46\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f83\u77ed，\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5c0f\u4e8e0\u7684\u503c\u3002 \u20032\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u503c\u8f83\u5927，\u6216\u8005\u6240\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u5339\u914d，\u4f46\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f83\u957f，\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5927\u4e8e0\u7684\u503c\u3002 \u20033\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u76f8\u7b49，\u5219\u8fd4\u56de0\u3002<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nstring s1("hello world");
\nstring s2("hello CSDN");<\/p>\n

\/\/"hello world"\u548c"hello CSDN"\u6bd4\u8f83
\ncout << s1.compare(s2) << endl; \/\/1<\/p>\n

\/\/"ell"\u548c"hello CSDN"\u6bd4\u8f83
\ncout << s1.compare(1, 3, s2) << endl; \/\/-1<\/p>\n

\/\/"hello"\u548c"hello"\u6bd4\u8f83
\ncout << s1.compare(0, 4, s2, 0, 4) << endl; \/\/0<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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