{"id":55398,"date":"2025-08-13T21:44:28","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T13:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/55398.html"},"modified":"2025-08-13T21:44:28","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T13:44:28","slug":"%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%86-c-%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e7%9a%84%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6-i-o","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/55398.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba4\u8bc6 C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 I\/O"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b66\u4e60 C \u8bed\u8a00\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa&#xff08;I\/O&#xff09;\u662f\u7ed5\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u5757\u5f88\u590d\u6742&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u987a\u7545\u5730\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>1.\u00a0 I\/O<\/h3>\n<p>I\/O \u662f Input&#xff08;\u8f93\u5165&#xff09; \u548c Output&#xff08;\u8f93\u51fa&#xff09; \u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 C \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u952e\u76d8&#xff0c;\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa \u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u663e\u793a\u5668\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728 Linux \u91cc&#xff0c;\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709 I\/O \u90fd\u662f\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d&#xff0c;\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u5c4f\u5e55\u3001\u7f51\u7edc&#xff0c;\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u8bfb\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u4e24\u79cd I\/O \u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>C \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>1.\u6807\u51c6 I\/O&#xff08;\u5e93\u51fd\u6570&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 FILE *fp \u8fd9\u79cd\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;fopen\u3001fgetc\u3001fputs\u3001fread\u3001fwrite\u3001fseek\u3001fclose\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6709 \u7f13\u51b2\u673a\u5236&#xff1a;\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u91cc&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u5199\u786c\u76d8&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9&#xff1a;\u529f\u80fd\u591a\u3001\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7a0d\u5f31&#xff0c;\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u65f6\u4e2a\u522b\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2.\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6 I\/O&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 fd&#xff08;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;open\u3001read\u3001write\u3001lseek\u3001close\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9&#xff1a;\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9&#xff1a;\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5982\u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u4e30\u5bcc&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u7406\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5176\u5b9e&#xff0c;\u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u5e95\u5c42\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3.\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u57df<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u8bfb\u5199\u6b21\u6570&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u4f1a\u5148\u628a\u6570\u636e\u653e\u8fdb\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u7f13\u51b2\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7f13\u51b2\u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u5237\u65b0\u65f6\u673a\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u884c\u7f13\u51b2<\/td>\n<td>\u7ea6 1KB<\/td>\n<td>\u9047\u5230 \\\\n\u3001\u7f13\u51b2\u6ee1\u3001fflush\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u4ea4\u4e92&#xff08;stdout&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5168\u7f13\u51b2<\/td>\n<td>\u7ea6 4KB<\/td>\n<td>\u7f13\u51b2\u6ee1\u3001fflush\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u65e0\u7f13\u51b2<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>\u7acb\u5373\u8f93\u51fa<\/td>\n<td>\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;stderr&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>printf(&#034;Hello&#034;);   \/\/ \u884c\u7f13\u51b2&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa<br \/>\nfflush(stdout);    \/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/p>\n<h3>4.\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h3>\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u201d&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u8df3\u8fc7\u524d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>fseek(fp, offset, whence)&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>ftell(fp)&#xff1a;\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>rewind(fp)&#xff1a;\u56de\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>lseek(fd, offset, whence)&#xff1a;\u540c\u6837\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>whence \u53d6\u503c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>SEEK_SET&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>SEEK_CUR&#xff1a;\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>SEEK_END&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5. \u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u4e0e open \u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5e38\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int open(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode);<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>flags \u5fc5\u9009&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>O_RDONLY&#xff08;\u53ea\u8bfb&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>O_WRONLY&#xff08;\u53ea\u5199&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>O_RDWR&#xff08;\u8bfb\u5199&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>flags \u9644\u52a0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>O_APPEND&#xff08;\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>O_CREAT&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u521b\u5efa&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>O_TRUNC&#xff08;\u622a\u65ad\u6e05\u7a7a&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>mode&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u5982 0666&#xff08;\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6743\u9650\u4f1a\u53d7 umask \u5f71\u54cd&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u6743\u9650 &#061; mode &amp; ~umask\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6. \u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u4e92\u8f6c<\/h3>\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u628a FILE * \u548c fd \u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>fileno(fp)&#xff1a;\u4ece\u6d41\u6307\u9488\u5f97\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>fdopen(fd, &#034;r&#043;&#034;)&#xff1a;\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u521b\u5efa\u6d41\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5c0f\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h3>\n<p>\u7528 read \u548c write \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>int fd1 &#061; open(&#034;src.txt&#034;, O_RDONLY);<br \/>\nint fd2 &#061; open(&#034;dst.txt&#034;, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);<br \/>\nchar buf[1024];<br \/>\nssize_t n;<br \/>\nwhile ((n &#061; read(fd1, buf, sizeof(buf))) &gt; 0) {<br \/>\n    write(fd2, buf, n);<br \/>\n}<br \/>\nclose(fd1);<br \/>\nclose(fd2);<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6807\u51c6 I\/O&#xff1a;\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc&#xff0c;\u6709\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff0c;\u9002\u5408\u65e5\u5e38\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528&#xff1a;\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u3001\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f13\u51b2\u673a\u5236\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5173\u952e&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e5f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u53ca\u65f6\u5237\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u5957\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u4f60\u628a\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\u914d\u4e0a\u6587\u4ef6 I\/O \u7ed3\u6784\u56fe&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u4e00\u770b\u5c31\u61c2\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f60\u8981\u6211\u5e2e\u4f60\u753b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u5417&#xff1f;\u8fd9\u6837\u6574\u7bc7\u4f1a\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb191\u6b21\u3002\u6458\u8981\uff1a C\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u4ef6I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u6807\u51c6I\/O\uff08\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002\u6807\u51c6I\/O\u901a\u8fc7FILE*\u6307\u9488\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u542b\u7f13\u51b2\u673a\u5236\uff08\u884c\u7f13\u51b2\/\u5168\u7f13\u51b2\/\u65e0\u7f13\u51b2\uff09\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5982fopen\u3001fread\uff1b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26fd\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5982open\u3001read\u3002\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7f13\u51b2\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u7387\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff08fseek\/lseek\uff09\u3001\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\uff08open\u7684flags\/mode\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caFILE*\u4e0efd\u7684\u4e92\u8f6c\uff08fileno\/fdopen\uff09\u3002\u6807\u51c6I\/O\u9002\u5408\u901a\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[174,103,190],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-55398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-ubuntu","tag-190"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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