{"id":55163,"date":"2025-08-13T17:59:54","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T09:59:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/55163.html"},"modified":"2025-08-13T17:59:54","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T09:59:54","slug":"%e3%80%90%e8%bd%af%e8%80%83%e4%b8%ad%e7%ba%a7%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%b7%a5%e7%a8%8b%e5%b8%88%e3%80%91%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e7%82%b9%e4%b9%8b%e7%bd%91%e5%85%b3%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e5%89%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/55163.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u8f6f\u8003\u4e2d\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3011\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4e4b\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<h4>\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u57fa\u7840\u63a2\u79d8<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1.1 \u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u6982\u5ff5<\/li>\n<li>1.2 \u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<li>1.3 \u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u7c7b\u603b\u89c8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;IGP&#xff09;\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>2.1 \u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>2.2 \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>2.3 \u6df7\u5408\u578b\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;EGP&#xff09;\u63a2\u79d8<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>3.1 BGP \u534f\u8bae\u8be6\u89e3<\/li>\n<li>3.2 BGP \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u56db\u3001\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u8f6f\u8003\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u653b\u7565<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>4.1 \u8f6f\u8003\u4e2d\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u8003\u70b9\u5206\u6790<\/li>\n<li>4.2 \u5907\u8003\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>4.3 \u5178\u578b\u8003\u9898\u89e3\u6790<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr size=\"1&#034;\" 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\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<p>\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u5173\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a IP \u7f51\u5173&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u7740\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u4e14\u53ca\u65f6\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u652f\u6301\u3002\u800c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e00\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u4e2a\u7f51\u5173\u80fd\u591f\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u6d41&#xff0c;\u5171\u4eab\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u63d0\u4f9b\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6307\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668&#xff08;\u7f51\u5173&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5b50\u7f51\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u4e86\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.2 \u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u4f5c\u7528<\/h3>\n<p>\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9e\u73b0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u5206\u4eab\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u8fbe\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u5404\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u67a2\u7ebd\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u6d41\u9053\u8def\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u5f97\u8f66\u8f86\u80fd\u591f\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u884c\u9a76\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8def\u7531\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u80fd\u591f\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u53ef\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8def\u7531\u8868&#xff1a;\u6839\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3002\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684 \u201c\u5bfc\u822a\u5730\u56fe\u201d&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u5f55\u7740\u5230\u8fbe\u5404\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u6216\u8005\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd9\u5f20 \u201c\u5730\u56fe\u201d&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u59cb\u7ec8\u6cbf\u7740\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u5f84\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ef4\u62a4\u8f6c\u53d1\u8868&#xff1a;\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u8f6c\u53d1\u8868\u3002\u8f6c\u53d1\u8868\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8def\u7531\u8868\u751f\u6210\u7684&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5904\u7406&#xff0c;\u534f\u52a9\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7ef4\u62a4\u8f6c\u53d1\u8868&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.3 \u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u7c7b\u603b\u89c8<\/h3>\n<p>\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b&#xff1a;\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;Interior Gateway Protocol&#xff0c;IGP&#xff09;\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;Exterior Gateway Protocol&#xff0c;EGP&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;IGP&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;Autonomous System&#xff0c;AS&#xff09;\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7531\u540c\u6784\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u5305\u62ec\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;RIP&#xff09;\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;OSPF&#xff09;\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u4e2d\u95f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;IS &#8211; IS&#xff09;\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;IGRP&#xff09;\u3001\u589e\u5f3a\u7684 IGRP \u534f\u8bae&#xff08;EIGRP&#xff09;\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;EGP&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u662f EGP&#xff0c;\u800c\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u662f\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;Border Gateway Protocol&#xff0c;BGP&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7ed8\u5236\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u7c7b\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250813095939-689c620b23839.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u67b6\u6784&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u5404\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;IGP&#xff09;\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h2>\n<p>\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;IGP&#xff09;\u5728\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528&#xff0c;\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6548\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 IGP \u534f\u8bae\u5177\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 IGP \u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.1 \u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5 RIP&#xff08;Routing Information Protocol&#xff0c;\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u4e8e \u201c\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u201d \u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4ec5\u4e0e\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4ea4\u6362\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u65f6\u4f1a\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u8868\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u90bb\u5c45\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RIP \u4f7f\u7528\u8df3\u6570&#xff08;hop count&#xff09;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u8df3\u6570&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u6e90\u7f51\u7edc\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u4ece\u8def\u7531\u5668 A \u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc&#xff0c;\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86 3 \u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u8df3\u6570\u5c31\u662f 3\u3002RIP \u89c4\u5b9a\u6700\u5927\u8df3\u6570\u4e3a 15 \u8df3&#xff0c;\u5f53\u8df3\u6570\u8fbe\u5230 16 \u8df3\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u53e3&#xff08;\u8def\u7531\u5668&#xff09;\u5c31\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e00\u8df3&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u8fc7 15 \u4e2a\u8def\u53e3\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5230\u8fbe&#xff0c;\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u592a\u8fdc\u4e86&#xff0c;\u53bb\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RIP \u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u6bcf 30 \u79d2\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u5411\u90bb\u5c45\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6b21\u8def\u7531\u66f4\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u8868\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u90bb\u5c45&#xff0c;\u90bb\u5c45\u6839\u636e\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668 R1 \u548c R2 \u76f8\u90bb&#xff0c;R1 \u6bcf 30 \u79d2\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u5f84\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u8def\u7531\u8868&#xff09;\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9 R2&#xff0c;R2 \u6536\u5230\u540e&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c R2 \u53d1\u73b0 R1 \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u66f4\u77ed\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u8df3\u6570\u66f4\u5c11&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868&#xff0c;\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u6761\u65b0\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e RIP \u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5b83\u6bd4\u8f83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355&#xff0c;\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e5f\u8f83\u5c11&#xff0c;RIP \u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u4e14&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355&#xff0c;\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u4f46\u662f&#xff0c;\u5728\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d&#xff0c;RIP \u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u5c31\u4f1a\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8df3\u6570\u9650\u5236&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u5f84&#xff1b;\u5e76\u4e14\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u6574\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd&#xff0c;\u5f71\u54cd\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.2 \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<p>\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5 OSPF&#xff08;Open Shortest Path First&#xff0c;\u5f00\u653e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148&#xff09;\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u534f\u8bae\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148&#xff0c;OSPF \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001 Hello \u62a5\u6587\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u90bb\u5c45\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u964c\u751f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5927\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u62db\u547c\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5f7c\u6b64\u3002\u5f53\u4e24\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u76f8\u4e92\u6536\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684 Hello \u62a5\u6587\u540e&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e&#xff0c;\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u5305\u62ec\u63a5\u53e3\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u7b49&#xff09;\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u544a&#xff08;LSA&#xff0c;Link State Advertisement&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6cdb\u6d2a&#xff08;Flooding&#xff09;\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06 LSA \u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u5c45\u3002\u90bb\u5c45\u6536\u5230 LSA \u540e&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u518d\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u90bb\u5c45&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u6536\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684 LSA\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u64ad&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u628a\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4eba&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u7740&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u6536\u5230\u7684 LSA \u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#xff08;LSDB&#xff0c;Link State Database&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a LSDB \u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u5e45\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5730\u56fe&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9&#xff08;\u8def\u7531\u5668&#xff09;\u548c\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e&#xff0c;\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f7f\u7528 Dijkstra \u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5728\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5230\u8fbe\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8def\u5f84\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u4f60\u8981\u4ece\u5bb6\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u964c\u751f\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u4f60\u624b\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u5e45\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5730\u56fe&#xff08;LSDB&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;Dijkstra \u7b97\u6cd5&#xff09;\u5728\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4ece\u5bb6\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u7ebf&#xff08;\u8def\u7531\u8868&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>OSPF \u7684\u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u9001 LSA \u901a\u544a\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316&#xff0c;\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6536\u5230\u540e\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#xff0c;\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u8def\u7531&#xff0c;\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u9002\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u800c\u4e14&#xff0c;\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5c06\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u533a\u57df&#xff0c;\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86 LSA \u7684\u6cdb\u6d2a\u8303\u56f4&#xff0c;\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6d88\u8017&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u4e2d\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5728\u5927\u4e2d\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u590d\u6742&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8&#xff0c;OSPF \u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9700\u6c42&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.3 \u6df7\u5408\u578b\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<p>EIGRP&#xff08;Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol&#xff0c;\u589e\u5f3a\u578b\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u7531 Cisco \u516c\u53f8\u79c1\u6709\u3002\u5b83\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u548c\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4f18\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EIGRP \u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u8bae\u76f8\u5173\u6a21\u5757&#xff08;PDM&#xff0c;Protocol Dependent Module&#xff09;\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u5982 IP\u3001IPX\u3001AppleTalk \u7b49&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u90bb\u5c45\u53d1\u73b0\u65b9\u9762&#xff0c;EIGRP \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001 Hello \u62a5\u6587\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6ee1\u8db3\u6536\u5230 Hello \u5305\u6216 ACK\u3001\u5339\u914d\u7684 AS \u53f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf&#xff08;K \u503c&#xff09;\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EIGRP \u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;RTP&#xff0c;Reliable Transport Protocol&#xff09;\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u5f25\u6563\u66f4\u65b0\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;DUAL&#xff0c;Diffusing Update Algorithm&#xff09;\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84\u3002DUAL \u7b97\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u5feb\u901f\u6536\u655b\u7684\u7279\u6027&#xff0c;\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8fc5\u901f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u73af\u8def\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u67d0\u6761\u94fe\u8def\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u65f6&#xff0c;DUAL \u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u5907\u4efd\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7f51\u7edc\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EIGRP \u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801&#xff08;VLSM&#xff0c;Variable Length Subnet Masking&#xff09;\u548c\u8def\u7531\u6c47\u603b&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u51cf\u5c11\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u6570\u91cf&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u8def\u7531\u67e5\u627e\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916&#xff0c;EIGRP \u53ea\u5728\u8def\u7531\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u5ea6\u91cf\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u624d\u505a\u90e8\u5206\u66f4\u65b0&#xff0c;\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5e26\u5bbd\u5360\u7528&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0&#xff0c;EIGRP \u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5feb\u901f\u6536\u655b\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u7b49\u7279\u6027&#xff0c;\u5728 Cisco \u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;EGP&#xff09;\u63a2\u79d8<\/h2>\n<p>\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;EGP&#xff09;\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u5173\u952e\u89d2\u8272&#xff0c;\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u51c6\u786e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae \u2014\u2014 \u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;BGP&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.1 BGP \u534f\u8bae\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;BGP&#xff0c;Border Gateway Protocol&#xff09;\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae &#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;AS&#xff09;\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u590d\u6742\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\u5e9e\u5927\u7b49\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>BGP \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u4e8e\u8def\u5f84\u77e2\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e0e\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002BGP \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u5f84\u77e2\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a BGP \u53d1\u8a00\u8005&#xff08;\u8fd0\u884c BGP \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668&#xff09;\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;AS \u8def\u5f84&#xff09;\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a BGP \u53d1\u8a00\u8005\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5 AS \u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u8def\u7531\u73af\u8def\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684 AS \u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5728\u7684 AS \u53f7&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b58\u5728\u73af\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>BGP \u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7531\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u6210&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u3002BGP \u80fd\u591f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u534f\u8c03\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u4ece\u6e90\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u5305\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;BGP \u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5404\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20&#xff0c;\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916&#xff0c;BGP \u652f\u6301\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u5bf9\u8def\u7531\u8fdb\u884c\u7075\u6d3b\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u94fe\u8def\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d41\u91cf\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3002\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9700\u6c42&#xff0c;\u5982\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u7b56\u7565\u7b49\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 BGP \u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565&#xff0c;\u5c06\u91cd\u8981\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u53bb&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.2 BGP \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>BGP \u5177\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u5171\u540c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u57fa\u4e8e TCP \u8fde\u63a5&#xff1a;BGP \u4f7f\u7528 TCP \u534f\u8bae\u7684 179 \u7aef\u53e3\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86 BGP \u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 TCP \u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;BGP \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u548c\u4e71\u5e8f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u90ae\u5bc4\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u4ef6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5feb\u9012\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u4fe1\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u5730\u9001\u8fbe\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5c5e\u6027&#xff1a;BGP \u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5c5e\u6027&#xff0c;\u5982 ORIGIN\u3001AS_PATH\u3001NEXT_HOP \u7b49\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>ORIGIN&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u8def\u7531\u7684\u8d77\u6e90&#xff0c;\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7531\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u4e3a BGP \u8def\u7531\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5ba3\u544a&#xff08;network \u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5f15\u5165&#xff08;import &#8211; route \u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8def\u7531\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u548c\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>AS_PATH&#xff1a;\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u8def\u7531\u73af\u8def&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u5728\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u901a\u5e38&#xff0c;\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9 AS_PATH \u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u8def\u7531&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f83\u5c11&#xff0c;\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84\u66f4\u77ed&#xff0c;\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>NEXT_HOP&#xff1a;\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728 BGP \u8def\u7531\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45\u8def\u7531\u5668&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u652f\u6301\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff1a;BGP \u5141\u8bb8\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6839\u636e\u5404\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u5236\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u8def\u7531\u8fdb\u884c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6e90 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001\u76ee\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u53f7\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u53d1\u5e03\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u67d0\u6761\u8def\u7531\u3002\u540c\u65f6&#xff0c;BGP \u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u8def\u7531\u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u6216\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u5165\u672c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff0c;\u963b\u6b62\u6765\u81ea\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u5165\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7ed8\u5236 BGP \u534f\u8bae\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250813095941-689c620d64320.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027&#xff0c;BGP \u80fd\u591f\u9002\u5e94\u590d\u6742\u591a\u53d8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8def\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u8f6f\u8003\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u653b\u7565<\/h2>\n<h3>4.1 \u8f6f\u8003\u4e2d\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u8003\u70b9\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u8f6f\u8003\u4e2d\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u67e5\u70b9&#xff0c;\u6d89\u53ca\u9009\u62e9\u9898\u3001\u586b\u7a7a\u9898\u3001\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u9898\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u9898\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u9898\u578b&#xff0c;\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u7efc\u5408\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff08;\u4e0a\u5348\u573a&#xff09;\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u6280\u672f&#xff08;\u4e0b\u5348\u573a&#xff09;\u4e24\u4e2a\u79d1\u76ee\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u9898\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5e38\u5e38\u8003\u67e5\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7279\u70b9\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee \u201c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u54ea\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff1f;\u201d\u201cRIP \u534f\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u201d\u201cOSPF \u534f\u8bae\u4e0e RIP \u534f\u8bae\u76f8\u6bd4&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u201d \u8fd9\u7c7b\u9898\u76ee\u4e3b\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8003\u751f\u5bf9\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u586b\u7a7a\u9898\u5219\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5173\u952e\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u8bb0\u5fc6&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982 \u201cBGP \u534f\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f_____\u201d\u201cOSPF \u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u662f_____\u201d \u7b49&#xff0c;\u8981\u6c42\u8003\u751f\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7ec6\u8282\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u573a\u666f&#xff0c;\u8981\u6c42\u8003\u751f\u6839\u636e\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u7528\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6545\u969c\u73b0\u8c61&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u8003\u751f\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848&#xff1b;\u6216\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u8003\u751f\u6839\u636e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u9700\u6c42&#xff0c;\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u67e5\u8003\u751f\u5bf9\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u914d\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u719f\u6089\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u8981\u6c42\u8003\u751f\u5199\u51fa\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e RIP \u534f\u8bae\u3001OSPF \u534f\u8bae\u6216 BGP \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u5ba3\u544a\u3001\u90bb\u5c45\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u8003\u751f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u534f\u8bae\u539f\u7406&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u8981\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.2 \u5907\u8003\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5efa\u7acb\u5206\u7c7b\u6846\u67b6&#xff1a;\u5c06\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u6309\u7167\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;IGP&#xff09;\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;EGP&#xff09;\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7ec6\u5206\u5404\u7c7b\u534f\u8bae\u4e0b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u5982 IGP \u4e2d\u7684 RIP\u3001OSPF \u7b49&#xff0c;EGP \u4e2d\u7684 BGP \u7b49\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u68b3\u7406\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3001\u7279\u70b9\u3001\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6846\u67b6&#xff0c;\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5173\u952e\u534f\u8bae&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u5982 RIP \u548c OSPF&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3001\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u9002\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027&#xff0c;\u52a0\u6df1\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;RIP \u57fa\u4e8e\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u8df3\u6570\u4e3a\u5ea6\u91cf&#xff0c;\u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6\u6162&#xff0c;\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc&#xff1b;\u800c OSPF \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\u5e26\u5bbd\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20&#xff0c;\u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb&#xff0c;\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u4e2d\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4&#xff0c;\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u628a\u63e1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1\u534f\u8bae\u7279\u6027\u6570\u5b57&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e9b\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6570\u5b57&#xff0c;\u5982 RIP \u7684\u6700\u5927\u8df3\u6570 15\u3001BGP \u4f7f\u7528\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\u53f7 179 \u7b49&#xff0c;\u8981\u7262\u8bb0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u5728\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0&#xff0c;\u51c6\u786e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u89e3\u7b54\u76f8\u5173\u9898\u76ee\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7406\u89e3\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u6bcf\u79cd\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982 BGP \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b9e\u73b0\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054&#xff1b;OSPF \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u4e2d\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u4f18\u52bf&#xff0c;\u5728\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u9898\u4e2d\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff1a;\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u62df\u5668&#xff0c;\u5982\u534e\u4e3a eNSP\u3001GNS3 \u7b49&#xff0c;\u642d\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883&#xff0c;\u4eb2\u81ea\u914d\u7f6e\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u89c2\u5bdf\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u6548\u679c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u534f\u8bae\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u80fd\u719f\u6089\u914d\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b9e\u9645\u52a8\u624b\u80fd\u529b&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e94\u5bf9\u914d\u7f6e\u9898\u548c\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u6790\u5386\u5e74\u771f\u9898&#xff1a;\u8ba4\u771f\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u5e74\u8f6f\u8003\u771f\u9898\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u9898\u76ee&#xff0c;\u4e86\u89e3\u51fa\u9898\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u8003\u67e5\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u505a\u771f\u9898&#xff0c;\u719f\u6089\u4e0d\u540c\u9898\u578b\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8584\u5f31\u73af\u8282&#xff0c;\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u4e60\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4.3 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