{"id":55093,"date":"2025-08-13T16:09:50","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T08:09:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/55093.html"},"modified":"2025-08-13T16:09:50","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T08:09:50","slug":"%e5%8d%ab%e6%98%9f%e8%bd%a8%e9%81%93%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/55093.html","title":{"rendered":"\u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h2>\n<h3>1. \u5f15\u8a00<\/h3>\n<p>\u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u9020\u536b\u661f\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u5929\u4f53&#xff08;\u5982\u6708\u7403\u3001\u884c\u661f&#xff09;\u5728\u5f15\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u8fd0\u52a8\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u4e8e\u822a\u5929\u4efb\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u536b\u661f\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u5bfc\u822a\u548c\u9065\u611f\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u51b3\u5b9a\u8f68\u9053\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>2. \u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h3>\n<p>\u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u662f\u6307\u536b\u661f\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9&#xff0c;\u7531 \u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u5b9a\u5f8b \u548c \u725b\u987f\u529b\u5b66 \u5171\u540c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff08;\u5ffd\u7565\u6444\u52a8\u529b&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u536b\u661f\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u9075\u5faa\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u8f68\u9053\u6a21\u578b&#xff0c;\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u692d\u5706\u6027&#xff1a;\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8f68\u9053\u662f\u692d\u5706&#xff0c;\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5929\u4f53&#xff08;\u5982\u5730\u7403&#xff09;\u4f4d\u4e8e\u692d\u5706\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7126\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b88\u6052\u91cf&#xff1a;\u8f68\u9053\u80fd\u91cf&#xff08;\u534a\u957f\u8f74&#xff09;\u3001\u89d2\u52a8\u91cf&#xff08;\u8f68\u9053\u5e73\u9762\u53d6\u5411&#xff09;\u548c\u504f\u5fc3\u7387\u662f\u5b88\u6052\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5468\u671f\u8fd0\u52a8&#xff1a;\u536b\u661f\u7ed5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5929\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u5468\u671f\u7531\u8f68\u9053\u534a\u957f\u8f74\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>3. \u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<p>\u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u53ef\u6309\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6807\u51c6\u5305\u62ec \u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u503e\u89d2\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.1 \u6309\u8f68\u9053\u5f62\u72b6\u5206\u7c7b<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u8f68\u9053\u7c7b\u578b\u504f\u5fc3\u7387&#xff08;e&#xff09;\u7279\u70b9\u5e94\u7528<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5706\u5f62\u8f68\u9053<\/td>\n<td>( e &#061; 0 )<\/td>\n<td>\u534a\u5f84\u6052\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u901f\u5ea6\u5747\u5300<\/td>\n<td>\u5730\u7403\u89c2\u6d4b\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u536b\u661f&#xff08;\u5982GPS&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u692d\u5706\u8f68\u9053<\/td>\n<td>( 0 &lt; e &lt; 1 )<\/td>\n<td>\u8fd1\u5730\u70b9\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u5feb&#xff0c;\u8fdc\u5730\u70b9\u6700\u6162<\/td>\n<td>\u83ab\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8f68\u9053&#xff08;Molniya&#xff09;\u3001\u95ea\u7535\u8f68\u9053<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u629b\u7269\u7ebf\u8f68\u9053<\/td>\n<td>( e &#061; 1 )<\/td>\n<td>\u9003\u9038\u8f68\u9053&#xff0c;\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u65e0\u9650\u8fdc<\/td>\n<td>\u6df1\u7a7a\u63a2\u6d4b&#xff08;\u8131\u79bb\u5730\u7403\u5f15\u529b&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u53cc\u66f2\u7ebf\u8f68\u9053<\/td>\n<td>( e &gt; 1 )<\/td>\n<td>\u661f\u9645\u98de\u884c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5929\u4f53\u675f\u7f1a<\/td>\n<td>\u661f\u9645\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668&#xff08;\u5982\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u53f7&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>3.2 \u6309\u8f68\u9053\u503e\u89d2\u5206\u7c7b<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u8f68\u9053\u7c7b\u578b\u503e\u89d2&#xff08;i&#xff09;\u7279\u70b9\u5e94\u7528<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8d64\u9053\u8f68\u9053<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">i&#061;0\u2218i &#061; 0^\\\\circ<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6595em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">i<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">0<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mbin mtight\">\u2218<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\u6cbf\u8d64\u9053\u8fd0\u884c<\/td>\n<td>\u5730\u7403\u9759\u6b62\u536b\u661f&#xff08;GEO&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u503e\u659c\u8f68\u9053<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">0\u2218&lt;i&lt;90\u22180^\\\\circ &lt; i &lt; 90^\\\\circ<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7132em;vertical-align: -0.0391em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">0<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mbin mtight\">\u2218<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6986em;vertical-align: -0.0391em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">i<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">9<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">0<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mbin mtight\">\u2218<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\u4e0e\u8d64\u9053\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u89d2\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u56fd\u9645\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ad9&#xff08;ISS&#xff0c;~51.6\u00b0&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6781\u5730\u8f68\u9053<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">i\u224890\u2218i \\\\approx 90^\\\\circ<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6595em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">i<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2248<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">9<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">0<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mbin mtight\">\u2218<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u7403\u4e24\u6781<\/td>\n<td>\u6c14\u8c61\u536b\u661f&#xff08;\u5982NOAA\u7cfb\u5217&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9006\u884c\u8f68\u9053<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">i&gt;90\u2218i &gt; 90^\\\\circ<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6986em;vertical-align: -0.0391em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">i<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">9<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">0<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mbin mtight\">\u2218<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\u4e0e\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f6c\u53cd\u5411<\/td>\n<td>\u90e8\u5206\u95f4\u8c0d\u536b\u661f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>3.3 \u6309\u8f68\u9053\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5206\u7c7b<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u8f68\u9053\u7c7b\u578b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u7279\u70b9\u5e94\u7528<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4f4e\u5730\u7403\u8f68\u9053&#xff08;LEO&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>160\u20132,000 km<\/td>\n<td>\u5468\u671f\u77ed&#xff08;90\u2013120\u5206\u949f&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb<\/td>\n<td>\u9065\u611f&#xff08;\u5982Sentinel&#xff09;\u3001\u661f\u94fe&#xff08;Starlink&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e2d\u5730\u7403\u8f68\u9053&#xff08;MEO&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>2,000\u201335,786 km<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u7b49\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4&#xff0c;\u5468\u671f\u8f83\u957f<\/td>\n<td>\u5bfc\u822a\u536b\u661f&#xff08;GPS\u3001\u4f3d\u5229\u7565&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5730\u7403\u9759\u6b62\u8f68\u9053&#xff08;GEO&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>35,786 km<\/td>\n<td>\u5468\u671f&#061;24\u5c0f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u9762\u9759\u6b62<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u4fe1\u536b\u661f&#xff08;\u5982Intelsat&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9ad8\u692d\u5706\u8f68\u9053&#xff08;HEO&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u8fdc\u5730\u70b9&gt;35,786 km<\/td>\n<td>\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8986\u76d6\u9ad8\u7eac\u5ea6\u5730\u533a<\/td>\n<td>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u83ab\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8f68\u9053&#xff08;Molniya&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>4. \u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u6839\u6570&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<p>\u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528 \u516d\u4e2a\u8f68\u9053\u6839\u6570&#xff08;\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5206\u4e3a \u51e0\u4f55\u53c2\u6570 \u548c \u65f6\u95f4\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>4.1 \u51e0\u4f55\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u63cf\u8ff0\u8f68\u9053\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d6\u5411&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<li>\n<p>\u534a\u957f\u8f74&#xff08;a&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u692d\u5706\u8f68\u9053\u957f\u8f74\u7684\u4e00\u534a&#xff0c;\u51b3\u5b9a\u8f68\u9053\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u516c\u5f0f&#xff1a;<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">T2\u221da3T^2 \\\\propto a^3<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8141em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.8141em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u221d<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8141em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">a<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.8141em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#xff08;\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;GEO\u536b\u661f\u7684 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">a\u224842,164\u00a0kma \\\\approx 42,164 \\\\text{ km}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.4831em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">a<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2248<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8889em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">42<\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1667em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">164<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">\u00a0km<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u504f\u5fc3\u7387&#xff08;e&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u63cf\u8ff0\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u201c\u6241\u5ea6\u201d&#xff0c;<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">e&#061;1\u2212b2a2e &#061; \\\\sqrt{1 &#8211; \\\\frac{b^2}{a^2}}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.4306em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">e<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1.84em;vertical-align: -0.5693em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord sqrt\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 1.2707em\"><span class=\"svg-align\" style=\"top: -3.8em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3.8em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\" style=\"padding-left: 1em\"><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mopen nulldelimiter\"><\/span><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.9164em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.655em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">a<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.7463em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.786em;margin-right: 0.0714em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.5em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.23em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"frac-line\" style=\"border-bottom-width: 0.04em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.394em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">b<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.7463em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.786em;margin-right: 0.0714em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.5em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.345em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose nulldelimiter\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.2307em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3.8em\"><\/span><span class=\"hide-tail\" style=\"min-width: 1.02em;height: 1.88em\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.5693em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#xff08;b\u4e3a\u534a\u77ed\u8f74&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u8fd1\u5730\u5706\u8f68\u9053 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">e\u22480e \\\\approx 0<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.4831em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">e<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2248<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#xff0c;\u83ab\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8f68\u9053<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">e\u22480.7e \\\\approx 0.7<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.4831em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">e<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2248<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">0.7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8f68\u9053\u503e\u89d2&#xff08;i&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u8f68\u9053\u5e73\u9762\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u5e73\u9762&#xff08;\u5982\u8d64\u9053\u9762&#xff09;\u7684\u5939\u89d2\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u6781\u5730\u536b\u661f <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">i&#061;90\u2218i &#061; 90^\\\\circ<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6595em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">i<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">9<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">0<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mbin mtight\">\u2218<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#xff0c;ISS <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">i\u224851.6\u2218i \\\\approx 51.6^\\\\circ<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6595em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">i<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2248<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">51.<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">6<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mbin mtight\">\u2218<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5347\u4ea4\u70b9\u8d64\u7ecf&#xff08;\u03a9&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u8f68\u9053\u5347\u4ea4\u70b9&#xff08;\u536b\u661f\u4ece\u5357\u5411\u5317\u7a7f\u8d8a\u8d64\u9053&#xff09;\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6625\u5206\u70b9\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u786e\u5b9a\u8f68\u9053\u5e73\u9762\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u4f4d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fd1\u5730\u70b9\u5e45\u89d2&#xff08;\u03c9&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u8fd1\u5730\u70b9\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5347\u4ea4\u70b9\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u63cf\u8ff0\u692d\u5706\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u957f\u8f74\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u82e5 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u03c9&#061;0\u2218\\\\omega &#061; 0^\\\\circ<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.4306em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">\u03c9<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">0<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.6741em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.063em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mbin mtight\">\u2218<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#xff0c;\u8fd1\u5730\u70b9\u5728\u5347\u4ea4\u70b9\u5904\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250813080943-689c4847f15a6.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>4.2 \u65f6\u95f4\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u63cf\u8ff0\u536b\u661f\u5728\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<li>\u771f\u8fd1\u70b9\u89d2&#xff08;\u03bd&#xff09; \u6216 \u5e73\u8fd1\u70b9\u89d2&#xff08;M&#xff09;\n<ul>\n<li>\u771f\u8fd1\u70b9\u89d2&#xff08;\u03bd&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u536b\u661f\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u8fd1\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u5939\u89d2&#xff08;\u77ac\u65f6\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e73\u8fd1\u70b9\u89d2&#xff08;M&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u536b\u661f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u865a\u62df\u89d2\u5ea6&#xff0c;<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">M&#061;n(t\u2212t0)M &#061; n(t &#8211; t_0)<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">M<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">n<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3011em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#xff08;n\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u8fd0\u52a8\u89d2\u901f\u5ea6&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5173\u7cfb&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7 \u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u65b9\u7a0b <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">M&#061;E\u2212esin\u2061EM &#061; E &#8211; e \\\\sin E<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">M<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7667em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0576em\">E<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">e<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1667em\"><\/span><span class=\"mop\">sin<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1667em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0576em\">E<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5173\u8054\u504f\u8fd1\u70b9\u89d2&#xff08;E&#xff09;\u548c\u771f\u8fd1\u70b9\u89d2&#xff08;\u03bd&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>5. \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u6444\u52a8<\/h3>\n<p>\u7406\u60f3\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u8f68\u9053\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e8c\u4f53\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u53d7\u591a\u79cd\u6444\u52a8\u5f71\u54cd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5730\u7403\u975e\u7403\u5f62\u5f15\u529b&#xff08;J\u2082\u9879&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f68\u9053\u8fdb\u52a8&#xff08;\u5982GEO\u536b\u661f\u7684\u7ecf\u5ea6\u6f02\u79fb&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u6c14\u963b\u529b&#xff08;LEO\u536b\u661f&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u8f68\u9053\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7f13\u6162\u8870\u51cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u6708\u5f15\u529b&#xff08;HEO\/GEO\u536b\u661f&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\u8f68\u9053\u503e\u89d2\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u592a\u9633\u5149\u538b&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u5927\u578b\u536b\u661f&#xff08;\u5982Hubble&#xff09;\u4ea7\u751f\u5fae\u5c0f\u63a8\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u91c7\u7528 \u5e73\u5747\u8f68\u9053\u6839\u6570 \u6216 \u6570\u503c\u79ef\u5206&#xff08;\u5982SGP4\u6a21\u578b&#xff09; \u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>6. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u536b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u7531 \u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u503e\u89d2\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6 \u7b49\u7279\u5f81\u5206\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u8f68\u9053\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u4efb\u52a1&#xff08;\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u5bfc\u822a\u3001\u9065\u611f&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u516d\u4e2a\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u6839\u6570&#xff08;a, e, i, \u03a9, \u03c9, 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