{"id":54911,"date":"2025-08-13T13:19:36","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T05:19:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/54911.html"},"modified":"2025-08-13T13:19:36","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T05:19:36","slug":"socket%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%e5%8f%8ac%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/54911.html","title":{"rendered":"Socket\u8be6\u89e3\u53caC++\u5e94\u7528\u793a\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u4e00\u3001Socket\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<h4>1.1 \u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n<p>Socket&#xff08;\u5957\u63a5\u5b57&#xff09;\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u673a\u6216\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u7aef\u70b9\u3002Socket\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3&#xff08;API&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u4fbf\u6377\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1.2 \u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9e\u73b0\u8de8\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u8de8\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/li>\n<li>\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4f20\u8f93&#xff08;TCP&#xff09;\u6216\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4f20\u8f93&#xff08;UDP&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;TCP\u3001UDP\u3001ICMP\u7b49&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5141\u8bb8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.3 \u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7c7b\u578b\u534f\u8bae\u7279\u70b9\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>SOCK_STREAM<\/td>\n<td>TCP<\/td>\n<td>\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u3001\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1<\/td>\n<td>HTTP\/HTTPS\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SOCK_DGRAM<\/td>\n<td>UDP<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3001\u6548\u7387\u9ad8<\/td>\n<td>\u89c6\u9891\u6d41\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u901a\u8bdd\u3001DNS\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SOCK_RAW<\/td>\n<td>\u539f\u59cb\u534f\u8bae<\/td>\n<td>\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95eeIP\u5c42&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u534f\u8bae\u5f00\u53d1<\/td>\n<td>\u7f51\u7edc\u8bca\u65ad\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u534f\u8bae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>1.4 \u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<p>Socket\u901a\u4fe1\u57fa\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef-\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff08;C\/S&#xff09;\u6a21\u578b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efaSocket \u2192 \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3 \u2192 \u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5 \u2192 \u63a5\u53d7\u8bf7\u6c42 \u2192 \u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92<\/li>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efaSocket \u2192 \u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u2192 \u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001TCP Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b&#xff08;C&#043;&#043;&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<h4>2.1 TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;cstring&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/socket.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;netinet\/in.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;arpa\/inet.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> PORT <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">8080<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> BUFFER_SIZE <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1024<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 1. \u521b\u5efaTCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> server_fd <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">socket<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SOCK_STREAM<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Socket creation failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 2. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5730\u5740\u91cd\u7528&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u7aef\u53e3\u5360\u7528\u95ee\u9898<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> opt <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">setsockopt<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SOL_SOCKET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SO_REUSEADDR<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>opt<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>opt<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Setsockopt failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 3. \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3<\/span><br \/>\n    sockaddr_in address<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> addrlen <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>address<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    address<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_family <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    address<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>s_addr <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> INADDR_ANY<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u76d1\u542c\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3<\/span><br \/>\n    address<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_port <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">htons<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>PORT<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">bind<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>address<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>address<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Bind failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 4. \u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff08;\u6700\u5927\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a3&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">listen<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Listen failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Server listening on port &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> PORT <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 5. \u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> new_socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    sockaddr_in client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> client_addr_len <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>new_socket <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">accept<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n                            <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>socklen_t<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>client_addr_len<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Accept failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> client_ip<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>INET_ADDRSTRLEN<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">inet_ntop<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> client_ip<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> INET_ADDRSTRLEN<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Accepted connection from &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> client_ip <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;:&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ntohs<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_port<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 6. \u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>BUFFER_SIZE<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    ssize_t valread <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">read<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>new_socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> BUFFER_SIZE<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Received: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> buffer <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>response <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello from TCP server&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">send<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>new_socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> response<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strlen<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>response<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Response sent&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 7. \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>new_socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2.2 TCP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;cstring&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/socket.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;netinet\/in.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;arpa\/inet.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> SERVER_IP <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;127.0.0.1&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> PORT <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">8080<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> BUFFER_SIZE <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1024<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 1. \u521b\u5efaTCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> sock <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">socket<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SOCK_STREAM<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Socket creation failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 2. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740<\/span><br \/>\n    sockaddr_in serv_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    serv_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_family <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    serv_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_port <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">htons<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>PORT<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8f6c\u6362IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">inet_pton<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SERVER_IP<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>serv_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Invalid address or address not supported&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 3. \u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">connect<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>serv_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>serv_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Connection failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Connected to server &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> SERVER_IP <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;:&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> PORT <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 4. \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>message <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello from TCP client&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">send<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> message<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strlen<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>message<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Message sent&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 5. \u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>BUFFER_SIZE<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    ssize_t valread <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">read<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> BUFFER_SIZE<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Received: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> buffer <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 6. \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001UDP Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b&#xff08;C&#043;&#043;&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 UDP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;cstring&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/socket.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;netinet\/in.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;arpa\/inet.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> PORT <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">8080<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> BUFFER_SIZE <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1024<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 1. \u521b\u5efaUDP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> server_fd <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">socket<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SOCK_DGRAM<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Socket creation failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 2. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5730\u5740\u91cd\u7528<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> opt <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">setsockopt<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SOL_SOCKET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SO_REUSEADDR<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>opt<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>opt<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Setsockopt failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 3. \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3<\/span><br \/>\n    sockaddr_in address<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> addrlen <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>address<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    address<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_family <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    address<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>s_addr <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> INADDR_ANY<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    address<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_port <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">htons<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>PORT<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">bind<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>address<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>address<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Bind failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;UDP Server listening on port &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> PORT <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 4. \u63a5\u6536\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>BUFFER_SIZE<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    sockaddr_in client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> client_addr_len <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token boolean\">true<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6d88\u606f<\/span><br \/>\n        ssize_t len <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">recvfrom<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> BUFFER_SIZE<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n                              <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>socklen_t<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>client_addr_len<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>len <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Recvfrom failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">continue<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>len<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;\\\\0&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> client_ip<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>INET_ADDRSTRLEN<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">inet_ntop<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> client_ip<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> INET_ADDRSTRLEN<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Received from &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> client_ip <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;:&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ntohs<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_port<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n                  <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> buffer <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>response <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello from UDP server&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">sendto<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> response<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strlen<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>response<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> client_addr_len<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;UDP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed&#xff0c;\u6b64\u5904\u4e3a\u793a\u4f8b\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6dfb\u52a0<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3.2 UDP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;cstring&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/socket.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;netinet\/in.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;arpa\/inet.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> SERVER_IP <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;127.0.0.1&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> PORT <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">8080<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> BUFFER_SIZE <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1024<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 1. \u521b\u5efaUDP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> sock <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">socket<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SOCK_DGRAM<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Socket creation failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 2. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740<\/span><br \/>\n    sockaddr_in serv_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    serv_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_family <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    serv_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_port <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">htons<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>PORT<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">inet_pton<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SERVER_IP<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>serv_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Invalid address or address not supported&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 3. \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>message <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello from UDP client&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">sendto<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> message<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strlen<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>message<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n          <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>serv_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>serv_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Message sent to &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> SERVER_IP <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;:&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> PORT <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 4. \u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>BUFFER_SIZE<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    sockaddr_in server_response_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> server_addr_len <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_response_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    ssize_t len <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">recvfrom<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> BUFFER_SIZE<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n                          <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>server_response_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>socklen_t<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>server_addr_len<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>len <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Recvfrom failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>len<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;\\\\0&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Received: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> buffer <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 5. \u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 Windows\u4e0eLinux\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5dee\u5f02<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7279\u6027Windows (Winsock)Linux\/Unix<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>#include &lt;winsock2.h&gt;<\/td>\n<td>#include &lt;sys\/socket.h&gt;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u9700\u8981WSAStartup()<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u9700\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<td>WSAGetLastError()<\/td>\n<td>errno\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/td>\n<td>closesocket()<\/td>\n<td>close()<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5e93\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n<td>\u9700\u8981\u94fe\u63a5ws2_32.lib<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5e93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>4.2 \u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801&#xff08;TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;cstring&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">ifdef<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\">_WIN32<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;winsock2.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">pragma<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token function\">comment<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>lib<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ws2_32.lib&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">else<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/socket.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;netinet\/in.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;arpa\/inet.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;errno.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">endif<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> PORT <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">8080<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> BUFFER_SIZE <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1024<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">ifdef<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\">_WIN32<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Windows\u521d\u59cb\u5316Winsock<\/span><br \/>\n    WSADATA wsaData<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">WSAStartup<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">MAKEWORD<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>wsaData<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">!&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;WSAStartup failed: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">WSAGetLastError<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">endif<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4ee3\u7801&#xff08;\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u76f8\u540c&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> server_fd <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">socket<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SOCK_STREAM<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Socket creation failed: &#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">ifdef<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\">_WIN32<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n                  <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">WSAGetLastError<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">else<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n                  <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strerror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">endif<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n                  <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">ifdef<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\">_WIN32<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">WSACleanup<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">endif<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#8230; \u5176\u4f59\u4ee3\u7801&#xff08;\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49&#xff09;&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u8d44\u6e90<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">ifdef<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\">_WIN32<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">closesocket<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">WSACleanup<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">else<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_fd<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">endif<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3C&#043;&#043;\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u9009\u9879<\/h3>\n<h4>5.1 C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93&#xff08;C&#043;&#043;20 Networking TS&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;20\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93&#xff0c;\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;string&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;asio.hpp&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>ip<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>tcp<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">try<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>io_context io_context<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        tcp<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>resolver <span class=\"token function\">resolver<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>io_context<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> endpoints <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> resolver<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">resolve<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;example.com&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;daytime&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        tcp<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>socket <span class=\"token function\">socket<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>io_context<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">connect<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> endpoints<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string data<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>error_code error<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">read<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">dynamic_buffer<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>data<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> error<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>error <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>error<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>eof<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Received: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> data <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>error<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">throw<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">system_error<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>error<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">catch<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>exception<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> e<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Exception: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> e<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">what<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>5.2 Boost.Asio\u5e93<\/h4>\n<p>Boost.Asio\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662fC&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93\u7684\u57fa\u7840&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;boost\/asio.hpp&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> boost<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>ip<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>tcp<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">try<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        boost<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>io_context io_context<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        tcp<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>socket <span class=\"token function\">socket<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>io_context<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        tcp<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>resolver <span class=\"token function\">resolver<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>io_context<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        boost<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">connect<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> resolver<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">resolve<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;localhost&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;8080&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string request <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello from Boost.Asio client&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        boost<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">write<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> boost<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">buffer<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>request<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> reply<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1024<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        size_t len <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">read_some<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>boost<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>asio<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">buffer<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>reply<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Received: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">string<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>reply<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> len<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">catch<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>exception<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> e<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Exception: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> e<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">what<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001Socket\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<h4>6.1 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