{"id":54832,"date":"2025-08-13T11:50:04","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T03:50:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/54832.html"},"modified":"2025-08-13T11:50:04","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T03:50:04","slug":"%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e4%b9%8b%e7%8a%b6%e6%80%81%e6%9c%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/54832.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u72b6\u6001\u673a"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

Builder<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n

import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
\nimport org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;<\/p>\n

public class User {
\n private String name; \/\/ \u5fc5\u586b\u5b57\u6bb5
\n private String telephone; \/\/ \u5fc5\u586b\u5b57\u6bb5
\n private String sex; \/\/ \u5fc5\u586b\u5b57\u6bb5
\n private int age; \/\/ \u53ef\u9009\u5b57\u6bb5
\n private String address; \/\/ \u53ef\u9009\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n

private User(UserBuilder builder) {
\n this.name = builder.name;
\n this.telephone = builder.telephone;
\n this.sex = builder.sex;
\n this.age = builder.age;
\n this.address = builder.address;
\n }<\/p>\n

@Override
\n public String toString() {
\n return "{\\\\"name\\\\":" + name + ",\\\\"telephone\\\\":\\\\"" + telephone
\n + "\\\\",\\\\"sex\\\\":\\\\"" + sex + "\\\\",\\\\"age\\\\":\\\\""
\n + age + "\\\\",\\\\"address\\\\":" + address + "}";
\n }<\/p>\n

public static class UserBuilder {
\n private String name;
\n private String telephone;
\n private String sex;
\n private int age;
\n private String address;<\/p>\n

public UserBuilder setName(String name) {
\n this.name = name;
\n return this;
\n }<\/p>\n

public UserBuilder setTelephone(String telephone) {
\n this.telephone = telephone;
\n return this;
\n }<\/p>\n

public UserBuilder setSex(String sex) {
\n this.sex = sex;
\n return this;
\n }<\/p>\n

public UserBuilder setAge(int age) {
\n this.age = age;
\n return this;
\n }<\/p>\n

public UserBuilder setAddress(String address) {
\n this.address = address;
\n return this;
\n }<\/p>\n

public User build() {
\n \/\/ \u5fc5\u586b\u5b57\u6bb5\u6821\u9a8c
\n Preconditions.checkArgument(StringUtils.isNotBlank(name), "name can not be empty");
\n Preconditions.checkArgument(StringUtils.isNotBlank(telephone), "name can not be empty");
\n Preconditions.checkArgument(StringUtils.isNotBlank(telephone), "name can not be empty");
\n \/\/ \u4f20\u5165builder\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u6784\u5efauser\u5bf9\u8c61
\n User user = new User(this);
\n System.out.println("\u901a\u8fc7Builder\u6a21\u5f0f\u6210\u529f\u6784\u5efaUser\u5bf9\u8c61");
\n return user;
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

public static void main(String[] args) {
\n User user = new User.UserBuilder()
\n .setName("\u5f20\u4e09")
\n .setTelephone("18812546788")
\n .setSex("\u7537")
\n .setAge(31)
\n .build();
\n System.out.println("\u901a\u8fc7Builder\u6a21\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\u7684User\u5bf9\u8c61: " + user);
\n}<\/p>\n

\u72b6\u6001\u673a<\/h2>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u673a？<\/p>\n

\u72b6\u6001\u673a（State Machine）\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b，\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u72b6\u6001\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210：<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u72b6\u6001（State）：\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u5904\u4e8e\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u4ef6（Event）：\u89e6\u53d1\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u6362（Transition）：\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u540e，\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52a8\u4f5c（Action）：\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5206\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u673a（FSM）\u548c\u65e0\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u673a，Spring Boot \u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f\u6709\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5728\u8ba2\u5355\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5546\u57ce\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec：\u5f85\u652f\u4ed8\u3001\u5df2\u652f\u4ed8\u3001\u5df2\u53d1\u8d27\u3001\u5df2\u6536\u8d27\u3001\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u3001\u5df2\u53d6\u6d88\u7b49\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u53ca\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

StateMachine\u548cState\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u7684，\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u9700\u8981\u6301\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001，\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6d41\u8f6c，\u800c\u6d41\u8f6c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0set\u5230\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4e2d，\u53c8\u8981\u6c42State\u5fc5\u987b\u6301\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136，\u8fd9\u91ccState\u5bf9StateMachine\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f9d\u8d56\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u72b6\u6001\u679a\u4e3e<\/h4>\n

import lombok.Getter;<\/p>\n

@Getter
\npublic enum OrderStateEnum {
\n WAIT_PAYMENT(1, "\u5f85\u652f\u4ed8"),
\n WAIT_DELIVER(2, "\u5f85\u53d1\u8d27"),
\n WAIT_RECEIVE(3, "\u5f85\u6536\u8d27"),
\n RECEIVED(4, "\u5df2\u6536\u8d27"),
\n CANCEL(5, "\u5df2\u53d6\u6d88");<\/p>\n

private final int state;
\n private final String desc;<\/p>\n

OrderStateEnum(int state, String desc) {
\n this.state = state;
\n this.desc = desc;
\n }<\/p>\n

public int getState() {
\n return state;
\n }<\/p>\n

public String getDesc() {
\n return desc;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u4ef6\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n

public interface OrderState {<\/p>\n

OrderStateEnum orderStateType();<\/p>\n

default void pay(OrderStateMachine stateMachine) {
\n System.out.println("|–\u5f53\u524d\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u652f\u4ed8，\u5df2\u5ffd\u7565");
\n }
\n default void cancel(OrderStateMachine stateMachine) {
\n System.out.println("|–\u5f53\u524d\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u53d6\u6d88，\u5df2\u5ffd\u7565");
\n }
\n default void deliver(OrderStateMachine stateMachine) {
\n System.out.println("|–\u5f53\u524d\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u53d1\u8d27，\u5df2\u5ffd\u7565");
\n }
\n default void receive(OrderStateMachine stateMachine) {
\n System.out.println("|–\u5f53\u524d\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6536\u8d27，\u5df2\u5ffd\u7565");
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

default\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7c7b\u518d\u91cd\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5，\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u80fd\u8df3\u8f6c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5219\u91cd\u5199\u5bf9\u5e94\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5173\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：\u5f85\u652f\u4ed8\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6：\u652f\u4ed8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88<\/p>\n

public class WaitPaymentState implements OrderState {<\/p>\n

@Override
\n public OrderStateEnum orderStateType() {
\n return OrderStateEnum.WAIT_PAYMENT;
\n }<\/p>\n

@Override
\n public void pay(OrderStateMachine stateMachine) {
\n stateMachine.setCurrentState(new WaitDeliverState());
\n }<\/p>\n

@Override
\n public void cancel(OrderStateMachine stateMachine) {
\n stateMachine.setCurrentState(new CancelState());
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n

\u7f13\u5b58\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6620\u5c04，\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u89e6\u53d1\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/p>\n

public class OrderStateMachine {<\/p>\n

public static final Map<OrderStateEnum, OrderState> ORDER_STATE_MAP = new HashMap<>();<\/p>\n

static {
\n ORDER_STATE_MAP.put(OrderStateEnum.WAIT_PAYMENT, new WaitPaymentState());
\n ORDER_STATE_MAP.put(OrderStateEnum.WAIT_DELIVER, new WaitDeliverState());
\n ORDER_STATE_MAP.put(OrderStateEnum.WAIT_RECEIVE, new WaitReceiveState());
\n ORDER_STATE_MAP.put(OrderStateEnum.RECEIVED, new ReceivedState());
\n ORDER_STATE_MAP.put(OrderStateEnum.CANCEL, new CancelState());
\n }<\/p>\n

private OrderState currentState;<\/p>\n

public OrderStateMachine(OrderStateEnum orderStateEnum) {
\n this.currentState = ORDER_STATE_MAP.get(orderStateEnum);
\n }<\/p>\n

public OrderState getCurrentState() {
\n return currentState;
\n }<\/p>\n

public void setCurrentState(OrderState currentState) {
\n this.currentState = currentState;
\n }<\/p>\n

void pay() {
\n currentState.pay(this);
\n }<\/p>\n

void deliver() {
\n currentState.deliver(this);
\n }<\/p>\n

void receive() {
\n currentState.receive(this);
\n }<\/p>\n

void cancel() {
\n currentState.cancel(this);
\n }<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n

public class OrderService {<\/p>\n

public static void main(String[] args) {
\n OrderStateMachine stateMachine = new OrderStateMachine(OrderStateEnum.WAIT_DELIVER);<\/p>\n

invoke(stateMachine::pay, "\u7528\u6237\u652f\u4ed8", stateMachine);
\n invoke(stateMachine::deliver, "\u5546\u5bb6\u53d1\u8d27", stateMachine);
\n invoke(stateMachine::receive, "\u7528\u6237\u6536\u8d27", stateMachine);
\n invoke(stateMachine::cancel, "\u53d6\u6d88\u652f\u4ed8", stateMachine);
\n }<\/p>\n

public static void invoke(Runnable runnable, String desc, OrderStateMachine stateMachine) {
\n System.out.println(desc + "\u524d\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001: " + stateMachine.getCurrentState().orderStateType().getDesc());
\n runnable.run();
\n System.out.println(desc + "\u540e\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001: " + stateMachine.getCurrentState().orderStateType().getDesc());
\n System.out.println("——————");
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

springboot\u4f7f\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u673a<\/h3>\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/h4>\n

public enum OrderStates {
\n PENDING_PAYMENT, PAID, SHIPPED, RECEIVED, COMPLETED, CANCELLED
\n}<\/p>\n

public enum OrderEvents {
\n PAY, SHIP, RECEIVE, COMPLETE, CANCEL
\n}<\/p>\n

\u914d\u7f6e\u72b6\u6001\u673a-\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n

@Configuration
\n@EnableStateMachine
\npublic class StateMachineConfig extends EnumStateMachineConfigurerAdapter<OrderStates, OrderEvents> {<\/p>\n

@Override
\n public void configure(StateMachineStateConfigurer<OrderStates, OrderEvents> states) throws Exception {
\n states
\n .withStates()
\n .initial(OrderStates.PENDING_PAYMENT)
\n .states(EnumSet.allOf(OrderStates.class));
\n }<\/p>\n

@Override
\n public void configure(StateMachineTransitionConfigurer<OrderStates, OrderEvents> transitions) throws Exception {
\n transitions
\n .withExternal()
\n .source(OrderStates.PENDING_PAYMENT).target(OrderStates.PAID).event(OrderEvents.PAY)
\n .and()
\n .withExternal()
\n .source(OrderStates.PAID).target(OrderStates.SHIPPED).event(OrderEvents.SHIP)
\n .and()
\n .withExternal()
\n .source(OrderStates.SHIPPED).target(OrderStates.RECEIVED).event(OrderEvents.RECEIVE)
\n .and()
\n .withExternal()
\n .source(OrderStates.RECEIVED).target(OrderStates.COMPLETED).event(OrderEvents.COMPLETE)
\n .and()
\n .withExternal()
\n .source(OrderStates.PENDING_PAYMENT).target(OrderStates.CANCELLED).event(OrderEvents.CANCEL)
\n .and()
\n .withExternal()
\n .source(OrderStates.PAID).target(OrderStates.CANCELLED).event(OrderEvents.CANCEL);
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u673a<\/h4>\n

@Service
\npublic class OrderService {<\/p>\n

@Autowired
\n private StateMachine<OrderStates, OrderEvents> stateMachine;<\/p>\n

public void payOrder() {
\n stateMachine.sendEvent(OrderEvents.PAY);
\n }<\/p>\n

public void shipOrder() {
\n stateMachine.sendEvent(OrderEvents.SHIP);
\n }<\/p>\n

public void receiveOrder() {
\n stateMachine.sendEvent(OrderEvents.RECEIVE);
\n }<\/p>\n

public void completeOrder() {
\n stateMachine.sendEvent(OrderEvents.COMPLETE);
\n }<\/p>\n

public void cancelOrder() {
\n stateMachine.sendEvent(OrderEvents.CANCEL);
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb376\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e3\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf8\u6b21\u3002GetterWAIT_PAYMENT(1, "\u5f85\u652f\u4ed8"),WAIT_DELIVER(2, "\u5f85\u53d1\u8d27"),WAIT_RECEIVE(3, "\u5f85\u6536\u8d27"),RECEIVED(4, "\u5df2\u6536\u8d27"),CANCEL(5, "\u5df2\u53d6\u6d88");System.out.println("|–\u5f53\u524d\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u5df2\u5ffd\u7565");System.out.println("|–\u5f53\u524d\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u5df2\u5ffd\u7565");System.out.println("|–\u5f53\u524d\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u53d1\u8d27\uff0c\u5df2\u5ffd\u7565");<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":54829,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[99,427,2874],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-54832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-java","tag-427","tag-2874"],"yoast_head":"\n\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u72b6\u6001\u673a - 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