{"id":53926,"date":"2025-08-12T19:40:09","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T11:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/53926.html"},"modified":"2025-08-12T19:40:09","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T11:40:09","slug":"%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8elinux%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%ef%bc%9a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/53926.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5173\u4e8elinux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e2d Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c（\u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u4e3a\u4e3b） \u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u7ed3，\u5305\u542b\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u68b3\u7406\u3001\u8865\u5145\u7ec6\u8282，\u5e76\u4ee5\u8868\u683c\u6574\u7406\u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd：<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001Linux \u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u5411<\/h4>\n

\u7b14\u8bb0\u56f4\u7ed5 Linux \u4e0b\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1 \u5c55\u5f00，\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u5411\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n\n\u65b9\u5411\u8bf4\u660e\u5173\u8054\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\n\u5bf9 Linux \u5404\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6（\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49）\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6807\u51c6 I\/O\/\u6587\u4ef6 I\/O \u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u591a\u4efb\u52a1<\/td>\n\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u884c\/\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa（fork）\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b<\/td>\n\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u901a\u4fe1<\/td>\nSocket \u7f16\u7a0b\u3001TCP\/UDP \u534f\u8bae\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6784\u5efa<\/td>\n\u5f00\u53d1\u652f\u6301\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\nHTTP \u534f\u8bae\u3001\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u76d1\u542c\/\u54cd\u5e94\u903b\u8f91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\nMySQL\u3001SQLite \u7b49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4e8c\u3001Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b（7 \u79cd）<\/h4>\n

Linux \u4e2d\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6\u201d，\u901a\u8fc7 ls -l \u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b（\u9996\u5b57\u7b26\u6807\u8bc6 ）：<\/p>\n\n\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u9996\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b\u8bf4\u660e\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b\/\u5907\u6ce8<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
b<\/td>\n\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907（\u786c\u76d8\u3001U\u76d8 ）<\/td>\n\/dev\/sda（\u786c\u76d8\u5206\u533a ）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
c<\/td>\n\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907（\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u663e\u793a\u5668 ）<\/td>\n\/dev\/tty（\u7ec8\u7aef ）\u3001\/dev\/usb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
d<\/td>\n\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\/\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u201c\u5bb9\u5668\u201d<\/td>\n\u4efb\u610f\u6587\u4ef6\u5939（\u5982 \/home ）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–<\/td>\n\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u672c\u3001\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n.c \u6e90\u7801\u3001.txt \u6587\u6863\u3001\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
l<\/td>\n\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6（\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5 ）<\/td>\n\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f，\u6307\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\nln -s \u539f\u6587\u4ef6 \u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u540d \u521b\u5efa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
s<\/td>\n\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1（\u672c\u5730\/\u7f51\u7edc\u5957\u63a5\u5b57 ）<\/td>\n\/var\/run\/mysqld\/mysqld.sock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
p<\/td>\n\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1（\u533f\u540d\/\u547d\u540d\u7ba1\u9053 ）<\/td>\nmkfifo \u7ba1\u9053\u540d \u521b\u5efa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6838\u5fc3\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

\u65e0\u8bba\u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u8fd8\u662f\u6587\u4ef6 I\/O，\u5747\u9075\u5faa \u201c\u6253\u5f00 \u2192 \u8bfb\u5199 \u2192 \u5173\u95ed\u201d \u4e09\u6b65：<\/p>\n\n\u6b65\u9aa4\u8bf4\u660e\u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u5173\u952e\u51fd\u6570\u6587\u4ef6 I\/O \u5173\u952e\u51fd\u6570（\u8865\u5145）<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
\u6253\u5f00<\/td>\n\u5173\u8054\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u83b7\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u53e5\u67c4<\/td>\nfopen（\u8fd4\u56de FILE* \u6d41\u6307\u9488 ）<\/td>\nopen（\u8fd4\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 fd ）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8bfb\u5199<\/td>\n\u6309\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u884c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5757\u8bfb\u5199\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\nfgetc\/fputc\u3001fgets\/fputs<\/td>\nread\/write（\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u8bfb\u5199 ）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5173\u95ed<\/td>\n\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90，\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u843d\u76d8<\/td>\nfclose<\/td>\nclose（\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 ）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Linux fopen \u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f（mode）\u8bf4\u660e\u8868\u683c，\u5305\u542b\u6bcf\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\/\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a：<\/p>\n\n\u6a21\u5f0f\u542b\u4e49\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
r<\/td>\n\u53ea\u8bfb（read only）<\/td>\n\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6，\u6d41\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934<\/td>\n\u62a5\u9519（\u8fd4\u56de NULL）<\/td>\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
r+<\/td>\n\u8bfb\u5199（read + write）<\/td>\n\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6，\u6d41\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934<\/td>\n\u62a5\u9519（\u8fd4\u56de NULL）<\/td>\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
w<\/td>\n\u53ea\u5199（write only，\u6e05\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6）<\/td>\n\u6e05\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9，\u6d41\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u5f00\u5934<\/td>\n\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u8986\u76d6\u5199\u5165\u5168\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9（\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cd\u7f6e）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
w+<\/td>\n\u8bfb\u5199（write + read，\u6e05\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6）<\/td>\n\u6e05\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9，\u6d41\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u5f00\u5934<\/td>\n\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u8986\u76d6\u5199\u5165\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a<\/td>\n\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199（append only）<\/td>\n\u6d41\u6307\u9488\u79fb\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e（\u4fdd\u7559\u5185\u5bb9）<\/td>\n\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u65e5\u5fd7\u8ffd\u52a0\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u5199\u5165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a+<\/td>\n\u8ffd\u52a0\u8bfb\u5199（append + read）<\/td>\n\u8bfb：\u6307\u9488\u5728\u5f00\u5934；\u5199：\u6307\u9488\u5728\u672b\u5c3e<\/td>\n\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u8ffd\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u56de\u8bfb\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n
  • \n

    \u6a21\u5f0f\u533a\u5206\u7ec6\u8282：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • r\/r+ \u4e25\u683c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728，\u5426\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5931\u8d25（\u8fd4\u56de NULL，\u9700\u68c0\u67e5 errno \u786e\u8ba4\u9519\u8bef ）\u3002<\/li>\n
    • w\/w+ \u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6e05\u7a7a\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u4ef6（\u5373\u4f7f\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u5185\u5bb9 ），\u9002\u5408\u201c\u8986\u76d6\u5199\u5165\u201d\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n
    • a\/a+ \u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e（\u65e0\u8bba\u6307\u9488\u5982\u4f55\u79fb\u52a8 ），\u4f46\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u8c03\u6574\u6307\u9488\u4f4d\u7f6e（\u5982 fseek ）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n

      \u5b9e\u8df5\u5efa\u8bae：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u52a1\u5fc5\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c（if (fp == NULL) { perror("fopen"); exit(1); } ）\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6307\u9488\u884c\u4e3a\u9700\u6ce8\u610f，\u5c24\u5176\u662f a+ \u6a21\u5f0f（\u8bfb\u548c\u5199\u7684\u6307\u9488\u4f4d\u7f6e\u72ec\u7acb ）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n

        \u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u5dee\u5f02：
        \nWindows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b，fopen \u6a21\u5f0f\u9700\u989d\u5916\u533a\u5206\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f（"rt"\/"wt" ）\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f（"rb"\/"wb" ），\u4f46 Linux \u4e0b\u65e0\u6b64\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u5206（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f ）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        \u901a\u8fc7\u8868\u683c\u53ef\u76f4\u89c2\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5404\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5dee\u5f02，\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42（\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\u3001\u8986\u76d6 ）\u9009\u62e9\u5bf9\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u56db\u3001\u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u51fd\u6570\u603b\u7ed3（\u6838\u5fc3\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570 & \u529f\u80fd\u8868）<\/h4>\n

        \u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u7531 C \u6807\u51c6\u5e93（stdio.h）\u63d0\u4f9b，\u57fa\u4e8e \u6587\u4ef6\u6d41（FILE*） \u64cd\u4f5c，\u6838\u5fc3\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

        1. \u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00：fopen<\/h5>\n

        FILE *<\/span>fopen<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>pathname,<\/span> const<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>mode)<\/span>;<\/span> <\/p>\n\n\u8981\u7d20\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
        \u529f\u80fd<\/td>\n\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de \u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488（FILE*），\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de NULL\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n– pathname：\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84（\u5982 "\/tmp\/test.txt"）- mode：\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f（\u89c1\u4e0b\u8868）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/td>\n\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de FILE* \u6d41\u6307\u9488，\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de NULL（\u9700\u68c0\u67e5 errno \u5b9a\u4f4d\u9519\u8bef）\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
        \u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u6253\u5f00：<\/h6>\n

        FILE *fp=fopen(".\/1.txt","w+");
        \nFILE *fp1=fp;
        \nif(fp==NULL)
        \n{
        \nprintf("fopen error\\\\n");
        \nreturn -1;
        \n}<\/p>\n

        2. \u6587\u4ef6\u5173\u95ed：fclose<\/h5>\n

        int<\/span> fclose<\/span>(<\/span>FILE *<\/span>stream)<\/span>;<\/span> <\/p>\n\n\u8981\u7d20\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
        \u529f\u80fd<\/td>\n\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41，\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u53c2\u6570<\/td>\nstream：fopen \u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488（FILE*）\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/td>\n\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de 0，\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de EOF（\u9700\u68c0\u67e5 ferror(stream) \u786e\u8ba4\u9519\u8bef）\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
        \u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884cfopen\u540e\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u6267\u884cfclose\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6：<\/h6>\n
        3. \u5b57\u7b26\u8bfb\u5199：fgetc \/ fputc<\/h5>\n
          \n
        • \u8bfb\u5b57\u7b26：fgetcint<\/span> fgetc<\/span>(<\/span>FILE *<\/span>stream)<\/span>;<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\u8981\u7d20\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u529f\u80fd<\/td>\n\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41 stream \u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26（ASCII \u7801），\u6d41\u6307\u9488\u540e\u79fb 1 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u53c2\u6570<\/td>\nstream：\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488（FILE*）\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/td>\n\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801（int \u7c7b\u578b，\u5982 'A' \u5bf9\u5e94 65）；\u5931\u8d25\/\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u8fd4\u56de EOF\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \u4ee3\u7801：<\/h5>\n

          #include<stdio.h>
          \nint main(void)
          \n{
          \nFILE *fp=fopen(".\/1.txt","w+");
          \nFILE *fp1=fp;
          \nif(fp==NULL)
          \n{
          \nprintf("fopen error\\\\n");
          \nreturn -1;
          \n}
          \nfputc('h',fp);
          \nfputc('e',fp);
          \nfputc('l',fp);
          \nfputc('l',fp);
          \nfputc('o',fp);
          \nfputc(' ',fp);
          \nfputc('w',fp);
          \nfputc('o',fp);
          \nfputc('r',fp);
          \nfputc('l',fp);
          \nfputc('d',fp);
          \nint ret=fgetc(fp1);
          \n\/*if(ret==EOF)
          \n{
          \nprintf("end of file or error\\\\n");
          \n}*\/
          \nwhile(ret!=EOF)
          \n{
          \nprintf("%c",ret);
          \nret=fgetc(fp1);
          \n}
          \nfclose(fp);
          \nprintf("fopen successful\\\\n");
          \nreturn 0;
          \n}<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u5199\u5b57\u7b26：fputcint<\/span> fputc<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> c,<\/span> FILE *<\/span>stream)<\/span>;<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\u8981\u7d20\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
            \u529f\u80fd<\/td>\n\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41 stream \u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26（c \u7684 ASCII \u7801），\u6d41\u6307\u9488\u540e\u79fb 1 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n– c：\u8981\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26（\u5982 'A' \u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20 ASCII \u7801 65）- stream：\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/td>\n\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u5199\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801；\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de EOF\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
            \u4ee3\u7801：\u9010\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8bfb\u53d6：<\/h5>\n

            #include<stdio.h>
            \nint main(void)
            \n{
            \nFILE *fp=fopen("1.txt","r");
            \nint ret=fgetc(fp);
            \n\/*if(ret==EOF)
            \n{
            \nprintf("end of file or error\\\\n");
            \n}*\/
            \nwhile(ret!=EOF)
            \n{
            \nprintf("%c",ret);
            \nret=fgetc(fp);
            \n}
            \nfclose(fp);
            \nprintf("fopen successful\\\\n");
            \nreturn 0;
            \n}<\/p>\n

            4. \u884c\u8bfb\u5199：fgets \/ fputs<\/h5>\n
              \n
            • \u8bfb\u4e00\u884c：fgetschar<\/span> *<\/span>fgets<\/span>(<\/span>char<\/span> *<\/span>s,<\/span> int<\/span> size,<\/span> FILE *<\/span>stream)<\/span>;<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\u8981\u7d20\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
              \u529f\u80fd<\/td>\n\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41 stream \u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e（\u6700\u591a\u8bfb size-1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26，\u9047 \\\\n \u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u505c\u6b62 ），\u81ea\u52a8\u5728 s \u672b\u5c3e\u52a0 \\\\0\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n– s：\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a（\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4，\u5982 char buf[1024] ）- size：\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f（\u9700 >1，\u9884\u7559 \\\\0 \u7a7a\u95f4 ）- stream：\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/td>\n\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de s \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5730\u5740；\u5931\u8d25\/\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u8fd4\u56de NULL\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
              \u4ee3\u7801：<\/h5>\n

              #include<stdio.h>
              \nint main(int argc, const char *argv[])
              \n{
              \nFILE *PGS=fopen(".\/4.txt","r");
              \nif(PGS==NULL)
              \n{
              \nprintf("fopen error\\\\n");
              \nreturn -1;
              \n}
              \nchar s[100]={0};<\/p>\n

              while(1)
              \n{
              \nchar *p=fgets(s,sizeof(s),PGS);
              \nif(p==NULL)
              \n{
              \nbreak;
              \n}
              \nprintf("%s\\\\n",p);
              \n}
              \nfclose(PGS);
              \nreturn 0;
              \n}<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u5199\u4e00\u884c：fputsint<\/span> fputs<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>s,<\/span> FILE *<\/span>stream)<\/span>;<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\u8981\u7d20\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
                \u529f\u80fd<\/td>\n\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41 stream \u5199\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32（s \u5185\u5bb9，\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0 \\\\n，\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0 ）\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n– s：\u8981\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32（\u4ee5 \\\\0 \u7ed3\u5c3e，\u5982 "hello" ）- stream：\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/td>\n\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570（\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5199\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u6570 ）；\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de EOF\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
                \u4ee3\u7801：<\/h5>\n

                #include<stdio.h>
                \nint main(int argc , const char *argv[])
                \n{
                \nFILE *FP=fopen(".\/4.txt","w");
                \nif(FP==NULL)
                \n{
                \nprintf("fopen error\\\\n");
                \nreturn -1;
                \n}
                \nchar s[100]={"china!\\\\n"};
                \nint ret=fputs(s,FP);
                \nif(ret==EOF)
                \n{
                \nprintf("fputs error!\\\\n");
                \nreturn -1;
                \n}<\/p>\n

                return 0;
                \n}<\/p>\n

                5. \u6570\u636e\u5757\u8bfb\u5199：fread \/ fwrite（\u8865\u5145）<\/h5>\n

                size_t<\/span> fread<\/span>(<\/span>void<\/span> *<\/span>ptr,<\/span> size_t<\/span> size,<\/span> size_t<\/span> nmemb,<\/span> FILE *<\/span>stream)<\/span>;<\/span>
                \nsize_t<\/span> fwrite<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> void<\/span> *<\/span>ptr,<\/span> size_t<\/span> size,<\/span> size_t<\/span> nmemb,<\/span> FILE *<\/span>stream)<\/span>;<\/span> <\/p>\n\n\u8981\u7d20\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
                \u529f\u80fd<\/td>\n\u6309\u6570\u636e\u5757\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6（\u9002\u5408\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6，\u5982\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3001\u56fe\u7247 ）\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n– ptr：\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5730\u5740（\u8bfb\u65f6\u5b58\u6570\u636e，\u5199\u65f6\u53d6\u6570\u636e ）- size：\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u5927\u5c0f（\u5b57\u8282 ）- nmemb：\u6570\u636e\u5757\u6570\u91cf- stream：\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/td>\n\u5b9e\u9645\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u6570\u91cf（size_t ）；\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u5230\u672b\u5c3e\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0f\u4e8e nmemb\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                \u4e94\u3001\u8865\u5145\u7ec6\u8282 & \u6613\u9519\u70b9<\/h4>\n
              • \n

                \u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488\u79fb\u52a8：
                \n\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u6d41\u6307\u9488\u4f4d\u7f6e（\u5982 fgetc \u540e\u6307\u9488\u540e\u79fb 1 \u5b57\u7b26 ），\u540c\u4e00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u201c\u5199\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u201d\u9700\u7528 fseek \u91cd\u7f6e\u6307\u9488（\u5982 fseek(stream, 0, SEEK_SET) \u56de\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934 ）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u673a\u5236：
                \n\u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u5e26\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u6570\u636e\u5148\u5199\u5165\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u518d\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f55\u65f6\u5237\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u3002\u9700\u7acb\u5373\u843d\u76d8\u65f6，\u8c03\u7528 fflush(stream) \u624b\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570：argc \/ argv
                \n\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165：<\/p>\n

                int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> argc,<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>argv[<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> <\/p>\n

                  \n
                • argc：\u53c2\u6570\u603b\u4e2a\u6570（\u542b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d ）\u3002<\/li>\n
                • argv：\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u7ec4，argv[0] \u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8def\u5f84\/\u540d\u79f0，argv[1] \u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                  \u516d，\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u53c2\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

                  \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u7b14\u8bb0\u5185\u5bb9，\u5bf9 Linux C \u4e3b\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u53c2（argc\/argv） \u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u8865\u5145，\u7528\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u7528\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  1\u3001\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u53c2\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5<\/h5>\n

                  \u5728 Linux C \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d，\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570 main \u652f\u6301\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570，\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

                  int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> argc,<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>argv[<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> <\/p>\n\n\u53c2\u6570\u540d\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n\n\n\n
                  argc<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6570\u4e2a\u6570（argument count）：\u5305\u542b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u603b\u6570\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  argv<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u7ec4（argument vector）：\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4，\u5b58\u50a8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
                  2\u3001\u4f20\u53c2\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u793a\u4f8b<\/h5>\n

                  \u4ee5\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e2d\u793a\u4f8b .\/a.out aaa bbb \u4e3a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n\n\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165argc \u503cargv \u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n
                  .\/a.out aaa bbb<\/td>\n3<\/td>\nargv[0] = ".\/a.out" argv[1] = "aaa" argv[2] = "bbb"<\/td>\n– argv[0] \u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\/\u8def\u5f84 – argv[1] \u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
                  3\u3001\u4f20\u53c2\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n
                  1. \u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5：\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u53c2<\/h5>\n

                  \u7f16\u8bd1\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6（\u5982 a.out ）\u540e，\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u53c2：<\/p>\n

                  .\/a.out \u53c2\u65701 \u53c2\u65702 \u53c2\u65703 ..<\/span>. <\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801（\u904d\u5386\u53c2\u6570）：#<\/span>include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span> <\/span>\n

                    int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> argc,<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>argv[<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                    \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u53c2\u6570\u603b\u6570 argc = %d\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> argc)<\/span>;<\/span>
                    \n for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> argc;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                    \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"argv[%d] = %s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> i,<\/span> argv[<\/span>i]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                    \n }<\/span>
                    \n return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
                    \n}<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \u8fd0\u884c\u8f93\u51fa（\u8f93\u5165 .\/a.out aaa bbb ）：\u53c2\u6570\u603b\u6570 argc = 3
                    \nargv[0] = .\/a.out
                    \nargv[1] = aaa
                    \nargv[2] = bbb <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    4\u3001\u5173\u952e\u7ec6\u8282\u8865\u5145<\/h5>\n
                  • \n

                    argv \u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u5fd7：
                    \nargv[argc] \u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a NULL，\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u904d\u5386\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62\u5224\u65ad：<\/p>\n

                    for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> argv[<\/span>i]<\/span> !=<\/span> NULL<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                    \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"argv[%d] = %s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> i,<\/span> argv[<\/span>i]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                    \n}<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    \u53c2\u6570\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32：
                    \nargv \u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u5982\u9700\u6570\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97（\u5982 .\/app 10 20 ），\u9700\u7528 atoi\/atof \u8f6c\u6362：<\/p>\n

                    #<\/span>include<\/span> <stdlib.h><\/span> <\/span>
                    \nint<\/span> num1 =<\/span> atoi<\/span>(<\/span>argv[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ "10" \u2192 10 <\/span>
                    \nint<\/span> num2 =<\/span> atoi<\/span>(<\/span>argv[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ "20" \u2192 20 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    \u7a7a\u683c\u4e0e\u5f15\u53f7\u5904\u7406：<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694，\u5982\u9700\u4f20\u9012\u542b\u7a7a\u683c\u7684\u53c2\u6570，\u7528\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u88f9：.\/app "hello world"<\/span> # argv[1] = "hello world"（\u542b\u7a7a\u683c） <\/span>\n<\/li>\n
                    • \u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26（\u5982 $\u3001* ）\u9700\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8f6c\u4e49（\\\\）\u6216\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u88f9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                      \u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u8868\u683c（\u6807\u51c6 I\/O \u6838\u5fc3\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u901f\u67e5\u8868）<\/h4>\n\n\u51fd\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                      fopen<\/td>\nFILE *fopen(const char *pathname, const char *mode);<\/td>\npathname（\u8def\u5f84）\u3001mode（\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f）<\/td>\n\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6d41\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      fclose<\/td>\nint fclose(FILE *stream);<\/td>\nstream（\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488）<\/td>\n\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      fgetc<\/td>\nint fgetc(FILE *stream);<\/td>\nstream（\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488）<\/td>\n\u8bfb 1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      fputc<\/td>\nint fputc(int c, FILE *stream);<\/td>\nc（\u5b57\u7b26）\u3001stream（\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488）<\/td>\n\u5199 1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      fgets<\/td>\nchar *fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream);<\/td>\ns（\u7f13\u51b2\u533a）\u3001size（\u6700\u5927\u8bfb\u5165\u5b57\u7b26 ）\u3001stream（\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488）<\/td>\n\u8bfb 1 \u884c\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      fputs<\/td>\nint fputs(const char *s, FILE *stream);<\/td>\ns（\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32）\u3001stream（\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488）<\/td>\n\u5199 1 \u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32（\u4e0d\u542b \\\\0 ）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                      \u4f7f\u7528fopen ，fputc，fgetc，fclose\u5b9e\u73b0\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u529f\u80fd：<\/h3>\n

                      \u4ee3\u7801：<\/h2>\n

                      #include<stdio.h>
                      \nint main(int argc ,const char *argv[])
                      \n{
                      \nif(argc!=3)
                      \n{
                      \nprintf("Usage : .\/a.out <srcfile> <dstfile>\\\\n");
                      \nreturn -1;
                      \n}
                      \nFILE *fp=fopen(argv[1],"r");
                      \nif(fp==NULL)
                      \n{
                      \nprintf("fopen error\\\\n");
                      \nreturn -1;
                      \n}
                      \nFILE *fcp=fopen(argv[2],"w");
                      \nif(fcp==NULL)
                      \n{
                      \nprintf("fopen error\\\\n");
                      \nreturn -1;
                      \n}
                      \nint ret =fgetc(fp);
                      \nif(ret==EOF)
                      \n{
                      \nprintf("end of file or error");
                      \n}
                      \nwhile(ret!=EOF)
                      \n{
                      \nfputc(ret,fcp);
                      \nret=fgetc(fp);
                      \n}
                      \nfclose(fp);
                      \nfclose(fcp);
                      \nreturn 0;
                      \n}<\/p>\n

                      \u4f7f\u7528fopen，fgets，fputs，fclose\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d：<\/h3>\n

                      \u4ee3\u7801<\/h2>\n

                      #include<stdio.h>
                      \nint main(int argc,const char *argv[])
                      \n{
                      \nif(argc!=3)
                      \n{
                      \nprintf("Usage : copy <srcfile> <dstfile>\\\\n");
                      \nreturn -1;
                      \n}
                      \nFILE *FGT=fopen(argv[1],"r");
                      \nif(FGT==NULL)
                      \n{
                      \nprintf("fopen error\\\\n");
                      \nreturn -1;
                      \n}
                      \nFILE *FPT=fopen(argv[2],"w");
                      \nif(FPT==NULL)
                      \n{
                      \nprintf("fopen error\\\\n");
                      \nreturn -1;
                      \n}
                      \nchar s[100]={0};
                      \nwhile(1)
                      \n{
                      \nchar *fgt=fgets(s,sizeof(s),FGT);
                      \nif(fgt==NULL)
                      \n{
                      \nbreak;
                      \n}
                      \nint fpt=fputs(fgt,FPT);
                      \nif(fpt==EOF)
                      \n{
                      \nprintf("fputs error\\\\n");
                      \nreturn -1;
                      \n}
                      \n}<\/p>\n

                      fclose(FGT);
                      \nfclose(FPT);
                      \nreturn 0;
                      \n}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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