\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e24\u7c7b：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f：\u65e0\u9700\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5185\u6838\u6001，\u53ea\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6001\u5b8c\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c（\u5982\u5355\u4e00\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf）\u548c\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5f0f：\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65，\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u9700\u5207\u6362\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6001\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u548c\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b，\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e8\u5728\u907f\u514d\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5185\u6838\u6001，\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6001\u5b8c\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n
1. \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u786e\u4fdd\u67d0\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027，\u5373\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u6240\u4e2d\u65ad，\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u64cd\u4f5c，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u9501\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u548c\u6b7b\u9501\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Java\u4e2d，java.util.concurrent.atomic\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7c7b，\u5982AtomicInteger\u3001AtomicLong\u3001AtomicBoolean\u7b49，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u5e95\u5c42\u786c\u4ef6\u6307\u4ee4（\u5982CAS\u64cd\u4f5c）\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6848\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528AtomicInteger\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u5668，\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8ba1\u6570\u503c\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u9012\u589e\u3002<\/p>\n
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;<\/p>\n
public class AtomicExample {
\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528AtomicInteger\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027
\n private static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);<\/p>\npublic static void main(String[] args) {
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u589e\u52a01000\u6b21
\n Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
\n for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
\n \/\/ \u539f\u5b50\u6027\u589e\u52a0
\n count.incrementAndGet();
\n }
\n });<\/p>\nThread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
\n for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
\n \/\/ \u539f\u5b50\u6027\u589e\u52a0
\n count.incrementAndGet();
\n }
\n });<\/p>\n\/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n t1.start();
\n t2.start();<\/p>\n\/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5
\n try {
\n t1.join();
\n t2.join();
\n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
\n e.printStackTrace();
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u8ba1\u6570\u7ed3\u679c，\u9884\u671f\u4e3a2000
\n System.out.println("count: " + count.get());
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d，AtomicInteger\u7684incrementAndGet\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u589e\u52a0，\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c：<\/p>\n
\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250812045001-689ac7f97815f.png\")
<\/p>\n\u7531\u4e8e\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u548c\u65e0\u9501\u7279\u6027，\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u5982\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u65f6，\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236（\u5982\u9501）\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u786c\u4ef6\u548cJVM\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd，\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u8003\u8651\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u9002\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u4e34\u754c\u533a<\/h3>\n
\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236，\u5b83\u5229\u7528synchronized\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90，\u4ece\u800c\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6848\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528synchronized\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u533a，\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90（\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4e3acount\u53d8\u91cf）\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5177\u5907\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
public class CriticalSectionExample {
\n \/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90count，\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0
\n private static int count = 0;<\/p>\npublic static void main(String[] args) {
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\u5bf9\u8c61，\u7528\u4e8e\u540c\u6b65\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee
\n Object lock = new Object();<\/p>\n\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u5b83\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd51000\u6b21\u589e\u52a0count\u7684\u503c
\n Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
\n for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528synchronized\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u5757，\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u5757
\n synchronized (lock) {
\n count++; \/\/ \u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90count\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u589e\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c
\n }
\n }
\n });<\/p>\n\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u540c
\n Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
\n for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
\n synchronized (lock) {
\n \/\/ \u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90count\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u589e\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c
\n count++;
\n }
\n }
\n });<\/p>\n\/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n t1.start();
\n t2.start();<\/p>\n\/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210
\n try {
\n t1.join();
\n t2.join();
\n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
\n e.printStackTrace();
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u8ba1\u6570\u7ed3\u679c，\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a2000
\n System.out.println("count: " + count);
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n\u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，synchronized (lock)\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u533a，\u5176\u4e2dlock\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f5c\u540c\u6b65\u9501\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u6b64\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u65f6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u5148\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6lock\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u7684\u9501\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9501\u5df2\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u6709，\u5219\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06\u88ab\u963b\u585e，\u76f4\u81f3\u9501\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u5185\u7684\u4ee3\u7801，\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90count\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c：<\/p>\n
\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250812045002-689ac7fa78e10.png\")
<\/p>\n3. volatile\u5173\u952e\u5b57：<\/h3>\n
volatile\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u9970\u53d8\u91cf，\u786e\u4fdd\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u3002\u88abvolatile\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u88ab\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6，\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ece\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u8bfb\u53d6，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u4f46volatile\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1，\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c（\u5982i++）\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528volatile\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6848\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
public class VolatileExample {
\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528volatile\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4fee\u9970\u5171\u4eab\u53d8\u91cf，\u786e\u4fdd\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027
\n private volatile boolean flag = false;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5199\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u4fee\u6539flag\u7684\u503c
\n public void writer() {
\n new Thread(() -> {
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c
\n Thread.sleep(1000);
\n \/\/ \u4fee\u6539flag\u7684\u503c
\n flag = true;
\n System.out.println("flag\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue");
\n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
\n e.printStackTrace();
\n }
\n }).start();
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8bfb\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u68c0\u67e5flag\u7684\u503c
\n public void reader() {
\n new Thread(() -> {
\n while (!flag) {
\n \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u76f4\u5230flag\u53d8\u4e3atrue
\n }
\n System.out.println("flag\u4e3atrue");
\n }).start();
\n }<\/p>\npublic static void main(String[] args) {
\n VolatileExample example = new VolatileExample();
\n example.writer();
\n example.reader();
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u5171\u4eab\u53d8\u91cfflag\u88abvolatile\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4fee\u9970\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5：writer()\u548creader()，\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u68c0\u67e5flag\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5176\u4e2dwriter()\u65b9\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\u5c06flag\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue，reader()\u65b9\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u68c0\u67e5flag\u7684\u503c\u3002\u7531\u4e8eflag\u88abvolatile\u4fee\u9970，\u5f53writer()\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539flag\u7684\u503c\u65f6，reader()\u7ebf\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u7acb\u5373\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fee\u6539，\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8evolatile\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1，\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c（\u5982\u81ea\u589e\u3001\u81ea\u51cf\u7b49），\u5219\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u7c7b（\u5982AtomicInteger）\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c：<\/p>\n
\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250812045002-689ac7fac7f6f.png\")
<\/p>\n4. wait()\u548cnotify()\/notifyAll()\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/h3>\n
wait()\u548cnotify()\/notifyAll()\u65b9\u6cd5\u662fObject\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206，\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002wait()\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85，\u76f4\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528notify()\u6216notifyAll()\u65b9\u6cd5\u5524\u9192\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u4e0esynchronized\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528wait()\u548cnotify()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6848\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
public class WaitNotifyExample {
\n \/\/ \u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90，\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6210
\n private boolean taskCompleted = false;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n public void waitingThread() {
\n synchronized (this) {
\n while (!taskCompleted) {
\n try {
\n System.out.println("\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210");
\n \/\/ \u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85，\u91ca\u653e\u9501
\n wait();
\n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
\n e.printStackTrace();
\n }
\n }
\n System.out.println("\u4efb\u52a1\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210，\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c");
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n public void workingThread() {
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u52a1\u8017\u65f6
\n Thread.sleep(2000);
\n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
\n e.printStackTrace();
\n }<\/p>\nsynchronized (this) {
\n \/\/ \u4fee\u6539\u4efb\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210
\n taskCompleted = true;
\n \/\/ \u5524\u9192\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n notify();
\n System.out.println("\u4efb\u52a1\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210，\u6b63\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b");
\n }
\n }<\/p>\npublic static void main(String[] args) {
\n WaitNotifyExample example = new WaitNotifyExample();<\/p>\n\/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n Thread waitingThread = new Thread(example::waitingThread);
\n waitingThread.start();<\/p>\n\/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n Thread workingThread = new Thread(example::workingThread);
\n workingThread.start();
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b：\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b（waitingThread）\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b（workingThread）\u3002waitingThread \u5728\u540c\u6b65\u5757\u5185\u8c03\u7528 wait() \u65b9\u6cd5，\u5b83\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9501\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u7b49\u5f85\u72b6\u6001，\u76f4\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 notify() \u6216 notifyAll() \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5524\u9192\u5b83\u3002workingThread \u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c（\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 Thread.sleep() \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u52a1\u8017\u65f6），\u7136\u540e\u5728\u540c\u6b65\u5757\u5185\u4fee\u6539 taskCompleted \u7684\u503c\u4e3a true，\u5e76\u8c03\u7528 notify() \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5524\u9192\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53 workingThread \u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u8c03\u7528 notify() \u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6，\u5b83\u5c06\u5524\u9192\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b（\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u662f waitingThread）\u3002\u7136\u540ewaitingThread \u5c06\u4ece wait() \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de，\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c：<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250812045003-689ac7fb24cb9.png\")
<\/p>\nwait()\u3001notify() \u548c notifyAll() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u540c\u6b65\u5757\u6216\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u8c03\u7528，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76d1\u89c6\u5668\u9501\u3002\u5e76\u4e14notify() \u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u4f1a\u5524\u9192\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b（\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85），\u800c notifyAll() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5524\u9192\u6240\u6709\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5524\u9192\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4f5c\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206，\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u786e\u4fdd\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1Java\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u66b4\u9732\u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed\u7ed9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005，\u4f46\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u5bf9\u4e8e\u628a\u63e1Java\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u4f5c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
1. \u4e92\u65a5\u9501<\/h3>\n
\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u7684\u590d\u6742\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u4e92\u65a5\u9501（Mutex）\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e14\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236，\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u8d44\u6e90\u514d\u53d7\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u51b2\u7a81\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u6216\u6570\u636e\u533a\u57df，\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9，\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u5165\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u5185\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684，\u8be5\u673a\u5236\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u4ee4，\u5176\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u6216\u5206\u5272\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d，\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u9501\u7684\u83b7\u53d6（lock acquisition）\u548c\u91ca\u653e（lock release）\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740，\u4e00\u65e6\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u9501，\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c06\u4e00\u76f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5230\u9501\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de，\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6240\u6253\u65ad\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730，\u9501\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u7684，\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u9501\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u80fd\u591f\u4e00\u6c14\u5475\u6210，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u5e76\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6240\u5e72\u6270\u3002<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u4fdd\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027，\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u9632\u6b62\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u590d\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u60c5\u51b5，\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\u3002\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5236\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u5bf9\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee，\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf<\/h3>\n
\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf（Semaphore）\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6838\u5fc3\u540c\u6b65\u5de5\u5177，\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u5173\u952e\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u90e8\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u6765\u7cbe\u786e\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5f53\u524d\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6570\u91cf，\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u673a\u5236\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d7\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6，\u8868\u793a\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90，\u6b64\u65f6\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u76f8\u5e94\u51cf\u5c11，\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8d44\u6e90\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5，\u540c\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u5982\u679c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u96f6，\u5373\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u5747\u5df2\u88ab\u5360\u7528，\u6b64\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u673a\u5236\u963b\u585e，\u8fdb\u5165\u7b49\u5f85\u72b6\u6001，\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u72ec\u5360\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236，\u8fd8\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\u6570\u91cf\u540c\u7c7b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ade\u4e89\u6709\u9650\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u548c\u4f7f\u7528，\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u8fc7\u8f7d\u6216\u9965\u997f\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650，\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u673a\u5236\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c：\u7b49\u5f85（wait）\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7（signal）\u3002\u7b49\u5f85\u64cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90，\u5982\u679c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528，\u5219\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u88ab\u963b\u585e；\u800c\u4fe1\u53f7\u64cd\u4f5c\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90，\u589e\u52a0\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c，\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5524\u9192\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd，\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5de5\u5177，\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u8bfb\u5199\u9501<\/h3>\n
\u8bfb\u5199\u9501（ReadWriteLock）\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236，\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u9891\u7e41\u800c\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u3002\u8bfb\u5199\u9501\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u4e8e，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u5e76\u53d1\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90，\u800c\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c，\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u5e73\u8861\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bfb\u5199\u9501\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d，\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u79cd\u9501\u6a21\u5f0f：\u5171\u4eab\u9501（shared lock）\u548c\u6392\u4ed6\u9501（exclusive lock）\u3002\u5171\u4eab\u9501，\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u8bfb\u9501，\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6301\u6709，\u53ea\u8981\u6ca1\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u6709\u6392\u4ed6\u9501\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdc\u591a\u4e8e\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d，\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd，\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u8bfb\u53d6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u6392\u4ed6\u9501，\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5199\u9501，\u5219\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed9\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b，\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u6301\u6709\u5b83，\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u6709\u5199\u9501\u65f6，\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u8bfb\u9501\u6216\u5199\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u963b\u585e，\u76f4\u5230\u5199\u9501\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9650\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027，\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u56e0\u5e76\u53d1\u5199\u5165\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u5199\u9501\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bfb\u591a\u5199\u5c11\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u5982\u7f13\u5b58\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d，\u901a\u8fc7\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u8bfb\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90，\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4，\u540c\u65f6，\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027，\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u5199\u9501\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u548c\u964d\u7ea7\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5347\u7ea7\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u6301\u6709\u5171\u4eab\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u6392\u4ed6\u9501，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u91ca\u653e\u5171\u4eab\u9501\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u6392\u4ed6\u9501，\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u964d\u7ea7\u673a\u5236\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u6301\u6709\u6392\u4ed6\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u91ca\u653e\u5199\u9501\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u964d\u7ea7\u4e3a\u5171\u4eab\u9501，\u4ece\u800c\u5141\u8bb8\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c，\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
4. \u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n
\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf（Condition Variable）\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236，\u4e13\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u524d\u5904\u4e8e\u7b49\u5f85\u72b6\u6001，\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u53d1\u9001\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u89e6\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u65a5\u9501（Mutex）\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6，\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501，\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3，\u5373\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u901a\u77e5\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf，\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06\u88ab\u5524\u9192，\u5e76\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u534f\u8c03\u5176\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u56e0\u7ade\u4e89\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb，\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u8005-\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d，\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ebf\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6761\u4ef6，\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6，\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7b49\u5f85\u51fd\u6570\u524d\u5e94\u6301\u6709\u4e0e\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501，\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u88ab\u5524\u9192\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u524d\u4e0d\u5e94\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6761\u4ef6\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n
5. \u81ea\u65cb\u9501<\/h3>\n
\u81ea\u65cb\u9501（Spinlock）\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5fd9\u7b49\u5f85（busy-waiting）\u9501\u673a\u5236，\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u540c\u6b65\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5f53\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u800c\u5931\u8d25\u65f6，\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u4f20\u7edf\u9501\u673a\u5236\u90a3\u6837\u8fdb\u5165\u963b\u585e\u6216\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001，\u800c\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d，\u4e0d\u65ad\u68c0\u67e5\u9501\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u5e76\u53d8\u4e3a\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u907f\u514d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362（context switch）\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6\u5ef6\u8fdf（scheduling delay），\u6765\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u9501\u7b49\u5f85\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u9501\u6301\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u975e\u5e38\u77ed\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u5c24\u4e3a\u6709\u6548，\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6781\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u9501\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u7ecf\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e0b，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbf\u95ee\u9891\u7387\u9ad8\u4e14\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u77ed\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d，\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u5e76\u975e\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5f53\u9501\u6301\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u957f\u65f6，\u6301\u7eed\u5faa\u73af\u68c0\u67e5\u9501\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4CPU\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65e0\u6548\u5360\u7528，\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5fd9\u7b49\u5f85\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86CPU\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5229\u7528\u7387，\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5728\u9501\u6301\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u957f\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u663e\u8457\u7684CPU\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u7684\u6027\u80fd，\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa，\u5982\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u81ea\u65cb\u9501（Adaptive Spinlock）\u548c\u7968\u8bc1\u81ea\u65cb\u9501（Ticket Spinlock）\u7b49\u3002\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u6839\u636e\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u65cb\u6b21\u6570，\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684CPU\u5360\u7528；\u800c\u7968\u8bc1\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6392\u961f\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u5206\u914d\u9501\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743，\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u9501\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u4e92\u65a5\u673a\u5236\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272，\u65e8\u5728\u786e\u4fdd\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e2\u9ad8\u6548\u53c8\u5b89\u5168\u3002Java\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5，\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u4e34\u754c\u533a（\u5229\u7528synchronized\u5173\u952e\u5b57）\u3001volatile\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4ee5\u53cawait()\u548cnotify()\/notifyAll()\u65b9\u6cd5，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u867d\u7136Java\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u66b4\u9732\u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed，\u4f46\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u3001\u8bfb\u5199\u9501\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u7b49\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6df1\u5165\u628a\u63e1Java\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u52a3，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6，\u9700\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb722\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e24\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf6\u6b21\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u7136\u800c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u4e92\u65a5\u6280\u672f\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdJava\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":53545,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[99,292,707,56,1813,427],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-53549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-java","tag-292","tag-707","tag-56","tag-1813","tag-427"],"yoast_head":"\n
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