- \n
- \u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd：\u5bfb\u5740\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9，\u5373\u6839\u636eIP\u5730\u5740\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4f4d\u7f6e：\u4e0a\u5c42\u627f\u8f7dTCP\u3001UDP\u7b49\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae，\u4e0b\u5c42\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u3001Wi-Fi\u7b49\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u7248\u672c\u6f14\u8fdb：\n
- \n
- IPv4（1981\u5e74，RFC 791）：\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7248\u672c，32\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n
- IPv6（1998\u5e74，RFC 2460）：\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3IPv4\u5730\u5740\u8017\u5c3d\u95ee\u9898\u8bbe\u8ba1，128\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
1.2 \u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u65e0\u8fde\u63a5：\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u72ec\u7acb\u8def\u7531，\u65e0\u9700\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5（\u5bf9\u6bd4TCP\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u4e0d\u53ef\u9760：\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6309\u5e8f\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u5230\u8fbe，\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u51fa\u9519\u65f6\u4e0d\u4e3b\u52a8\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5c3d\u529b\u800c\u4e3a：\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1，\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e0a\u5c42\u534f\u8bae（\u5982TCP）\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5f02\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054：\u5c4f\u853d\u5e95\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u5dee\u5f02，\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc（\u5982\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u3001Wi-Fi\u3001\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51）\u80fd\u4e92\u8054\u4e92\u901a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4e8c\u3001IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h5>\n
IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5bfb\u5740\u548c\u8def\u7531，\u901a\u8fc7IP\u5730\u5740\u6807\u8bc6\u4e3b\u673a，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u7b97\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
2.1 \u5bfb\u5740\u673a\u5236<\/h6>\n
- \n
- IP\u5730\u5740：32\u4f4d（IPv4）\u6216128\u4f4d（IPv6）\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26，\u7528\u4e8e\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002（\u6570\u5b57\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740，\u5c31\u50cf\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6807\u8bc6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9，\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u6765\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730）<\/li>\n
- \u5206\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784：IPv4\u5730\u5740\u5206\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u4e24\u90e8\u5206（\u5982192.168.1.1\u4e2d，192.168.1\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7，1\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801：\u7528\u4e8e\u5212\u5206IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7（\u5982255.255.255.0\u8868\u793a\u524d24\u4f4d\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7，\u540e8\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7）\u3002
\n![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250811212925-689a60b5ac644.png\")
<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2.2 \u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u8def\u7531\u5668：\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u8bbe\u5907，\u6839\u636eIP\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u8def\u7531\u8868：\u5b58\u50a8\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u7f00\u4e0e\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb，\u8def\u7531\u5668\u636e\u6b64\u51b3\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u8def\u7531\u7b97\u6cd5：\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae（\u5982OSPF\u3001BGP）\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u8def\u7531\u8868，\u9002\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2.3 \u6570\u636e\u5305\u683c\u5f0f<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \n
IPv4\u6570\u636e\u5305：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u9996\u90e8：\u56fa\u5b9a20\u5b57\u8282（\u53ef\u9009\u5b57\u6bb5\u6700\u591a40\u5b57\u8282），\u5305\u542b\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9996\u90e8\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u6807\u8bc6\u3001\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u3001\u7247\u504f\u79fb\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4（TTL）\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u9996\u90e8\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u3001\u6e90IP\u3001\u76ee\u7684IP\u7b49\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u6570\u636e\u90e8\u5206：\u4e0a\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e（\u5982TCP\/UDP\u62a5\u6587）\u3002
\n![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250811212926-689a60b67f6aa.png\")
<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n - \n
IPv6\u6570\u636e\u5305：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u57fa\u672c\u9996\u90e8：\u56fa\u5b9a40\u5b57\u8282，\u7b80\u5316\u7ed3\u6784（\u5982\u53d6\u6d88\u9996\u90e8\u6821\u9a8c\u548c，\u5206\u7247\u7531\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u5904\u7406）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u6269\u5c55\u9996\u90e8：\u53ef\u9009，\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u529f\u80fd（\u5982\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u5206\u7247）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u6570\u636e\u90e8\u5206：\u540cIPv4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250811212927-689a60b70c8a3.png\")
<\/p>\n2.4 \u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h6>\n
1.\u7535\u8111
\n![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250811212927-689a60b75d0fd.png\")
\n2.\u4ea4\u6362\u673a
\n![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250811212927-689a60b79f56e.png\")
\n3.\u8def\u7531\u5668
\n![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250811212927-689a60b7ded8c.png\")
<\/p>\n\u4e09\u3001IPv4\u5730\u5740<\/h5>\n
IPv4\u5730\u5740\u662f32\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570，\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236（\u5982192.168.1.1）\u3002<\/p>\n
3.1 \u5730\u5740\u5206\u7c7b（\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u7c7b）<\/h6>\n
IPv4\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f40.0.0.0 ~ 255.255.255.255
\n\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7f51\u6bb5，\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u540c\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e0b\u7684\u8bbe\u5907
\n\u65e9\u671fIPv4\u5730\u5740\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u7c7b：<\/p>\n- \n
- A\u7c7b（\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc）：0.0.0.0-127.255.255.255，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801255.0.0.0（\/8），\u524d8\u4f4d\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7，\u540e24\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n
- B\u7c7b（\u4e2d\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc）：128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801255.255.0.0（\/16），\u524d16\u4f4d\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7，\u540e16\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n
- C\u7c7b（\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc）：192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801255.255.255.0（\/24），\u524d24\u4f4d\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7，\u540e8\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n
- D\u7c7b（\u591a\u8def\u5e7f\u64ad\u7f51\u7edc）：224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255，\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u64ad\u3002<\/li>\n
- E\u7c7b（\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5740）：240.0.0.0-255.255.255.255，\u4fdd\u7559\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u5c40\u9650\u6027：\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5747（\u5982A\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e25\u91cd），\u5df2\u88abCIDR\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u590d\u6742\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u793a\u4f8b 255.255.255.252
\n![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250811212928-689a60b83524c.png\")
<\/p>\n\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u89c4\u5b9a\u6362\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u540e\u524d\u9762\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u76841，\u540e\u9762\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u76840，\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0255.255.255.1\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801<\/p>\n
3.2 CIDR（\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531）<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u80cc\u666f：\u89e3\u51b3IPv4\u5730\u5740\u8017\u5c3d\u95ee\u9898，\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u539f\u7406：\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\/\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u201d\u8868\u793a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801（\u5982192.168.1.0\/24\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e255.255.255.0）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u4f18\u52bf：\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d（\u5982\u53ef\u5206\u914d\/26\u3001\/27\u7b49\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u5b50\u7f51）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5730\u5740\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a2n2^n<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>-2（n\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u6570）<\/p>\n
3.3 \u7279\u6b8aIP\u5730\u5740<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u56de\u73af\u5730\u5740：127.0.0.1（localhost），\u7528\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740：\n
- \n
- \u76f4\u63a5\u5e7f\u64ad：\u7279\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740（\u5982192.168.1.255\/24）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u6709\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad：255.255.255.255，\u7528\u4e8e\u672c\u7f51\u6bb5\u5185\u5e7f\u64ad\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \u79c1\u6709IP\u5730\u5740：\n
- \n
- A\u7c7b：10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255（\/8）<\/li>\n
- B\u7c7b：172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255（\/12）<\/li>\n
- C\u7c7b：192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255（\/16）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- 0.0.0.0：\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4efb\u610f\u5730\u5740\u201d，\u7528\u4e8e\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\u6216\u4e3b\u673a\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3.4 \u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u76ee\u7684：\u63d0\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u5229\u7528\u7387，\u9694\u79bb\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u65b9\u6cd5：\u501f\u7528\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b50\u7f51\u4f4d（\u5982\u5c06\/24\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\/25\u5b50\u7f51）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u8ba1\u7b97\u793a\u4f8b：\n
- \n
- \u539f\u7f51\u7edc：192.168.1.0\/24（256\u5730\u5740，\u53ef\u7528254，\u9664\u53bb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51：\n
- \n
- \u5b50\u7f511：192.168.1.0\/25（128\u5730\u5740，\u53ef\u7528126），\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740192.168.1.127\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5b50\u7f512：192.168.1.128\/25（128\u5730\u5740，\u53ef\u7528126），\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740192.168.1.255\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u56db\u3001IPv6\u5730\u5740\u8be6\u89e3<\/h5>\n
IPv6\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3IPv4\u5730\u5740\u8017\u5c3d\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u91c7\u7528128\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4，\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ea63.4\u00d710\u00b3\u2078\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
4.1 \u5730\u5740\u8868\u793a<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u5192\u5206\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236：\u6bcf16\u4f4d\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694，\u59822001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u96f6\u538b\u7f29：\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u96f6\u53ef\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u53cc\u5192\u53f7（::），\u4f46\u53ea\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\n
- \n
- \u793a\u4f8b：2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab \u2192 2001:db8::1428:57ab\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \u5185\u5d4cIPv4\u5730\u5740：\u517c\u5bb9IPv4\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u5982::ffff:192.168.1.1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4.2 \u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740：\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3，\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f20\u81f3\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u3002\n
- \n
- \u5168\u7403\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740：2000::\/3，\u5168\u7403\u53ef\u8def\u7531\u7684\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740：fe80::\/10，\u4ec5\u5728\u672c\u5730\u94fe\u8def\u5185\u901a\u4fe1（\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0b\u7684\u8bbe\u5907）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u552f\u4e00\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740：fc00::\/7，\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740，\u7c7b\u4f3cIPv4\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740：ff00::\/8，\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f20\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u52a0\u5165\u8be5\u7ec4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u4efb\u64ad\u5730\u5740：\u4ece\u4e00\u7ec4\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a（\u8def\u7531\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u8fd1）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4.3 \u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u65e0\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740：\u7528\u5168\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740（ff02::1）\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e：\u652f\u6301\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e（\u901a\u8fc7RA\u6d88\u606f\u83b7\u53d6\u524d\u7f00）\u548c\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u914d\u7f6e（DHCPv6）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u7b80\u5316\u9996\u90e8：\u56fa\u5b9a40\u5b57\u8282，\u53d6\u6d88\u5206\u7247\u3001\u9996\u90e8\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u7b49\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u589e\u5f3a：\u5f3a\u5236\u652f\u6301IPsec（IP\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae），\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4e94\u3001IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/h5>\n
IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5206\u914d\u9700\u9075\u5faa\u5168\u7403\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u89c4\u5219，\u786e\u4fdd\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
5.1 \u5206\u914d\u673a\u6784<\/h6>\n
- \n
- IANA（\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u53f7\u7801\u5206\u914d\u5c40）：\u5168\u7403\u6700\u9ad8\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784，\u5206\u914d\u5730\u5740\u5757\u7ed9RIR\u3002<\/li>\n
- RIR（\u533a\u57df\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6ce8\u518c\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784）：\n
- \n
- ARIN（\u5317\u7f8e）<\/li>\n
- RIPE NCC（\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u4e2d\u4e1c\u3001\u4e2d\u4e9a）<\/li>\n
- APNIC（\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a）<\/li>\n
- LACNIC（\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32）<\/li>\n
- AfriNIC（\u975e\u6d32）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- ISP（\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546，\u5982\u79fb\u52a8，\u7535\u4fe1，\u8054\u901a）：\u4eceRIR\u83b7\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u5757，\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
5.2 \u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d（DHCP）<\/h6>\n
- \n
- DHCP（\u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae）：\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914dIP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u7f51\u5173\u7b49\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b：\n
- DHCP Discover：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e7f\u64ad\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
- DHCP Offer：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u53ef\u7528IP\u3002<\/li>\n
- DHCP Request：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7279\u5b9aIP\u3002<\/li>\n
- DHCP ACK：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786e\u8ba4\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n
- \u79df\u671f\u7ba1\u7406：IP\u5730\u5740\u6709\u79df\u7528\u671f\u9650，\u5230\u671f\u9700\u7eed\u79df\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
5.3 \u9759\u6001\u5206\u914d<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e：\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u624b\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u56fa\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907（\u5982\u8def\u7531\u5668）\u7b49\u9700\u56fa\u5b9aIP\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
5.4 NAT（\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362）<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u80cc\u666f：\u7f13\u89e3IPv4\u5730\u5740\u8017\u5c3d\u95ee\u9898，\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u53f0\u5185\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7f51IP\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406：\n
- \n
- SNAT（\u6e90NAT）：\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740（\u5982\u5c06\u5185\u7f51192.168.1.1\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u516c\u7f51203.0.113.1）\u3002<\/li>\n
- DNAT（\u76ee\u7684NAT）：\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740（\u5982\u5c06\u516c\u7f51\u6d41\u91cf\u8f6c\u53d1\u81f3\u5185\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u5668）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f：\n
- \n
- \u9759\u6001NAT：\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u52a8\u6001NAT：\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/li>\n
- NAPT（\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u6362）：\u6700\u5e38\u89c1，\u591a\u5bf9\u4e00\u6620\u5c04，\u901a\u8fc7\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u516d\u3001IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027<\/h5>\n
IP\u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u4f20\u8f93\u529f\u80fd，\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n
6.1 IP\u5206\u7247\u4e0e\u91cd\u7ec4<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u539f\u56e0：\u94fe\u8def\u5c42MTU（\u5982\u4ee5\u592a\u7f511500\u5b57\u8282）\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0f\u4e8eIP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u957f\u5ea6，\u9700\u5206\u7247\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5206\u7247\u5b57\u6bb5：\n
- \n
- \u6807\u8bc6（Identification）：\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5206\u7247\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u6807\u8bc6\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u6807\u5fd7（Flags）：MF（More Fragments）\u6307\u793a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u540e\u7eed\u5206\u7247，DF（Don\u2019t Fragment）\u7981\u6b62\u5206\u7247\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u7247\u504f\u79fb（Fragment Offset）：\u8be5\u7247\u5728\u539f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e（\u4ee58\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \u91cd\u7ec4：\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u6839\u636e\u6807\u8bc6\u3001\u6807\u5fd7\u548c\u7247\u504f\u79fb\u91cd\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
6.2 \u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf（QoS）<\/h6>\n
- \n
- IPv4\u4e2d\u7684TOS\u5b57\u6bb5：8\u4f4d，\u524d3\u4f4d\u4e3aDSCP（\u5dee\u5206\u670d\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801\u70b9），\u540e2\u4f4d\u4e3aECN（\u663e\u5f0f\u62e5\u585e\u901a\u77e5）\u3002<\/li>\n
- IPv6\u4e2d\u7684Traffic Class\u5b57\u6bb5：\u7c7b\u4f3cIPv4\u7684TOS，\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5e94\u7528：\u533a\u5206\u8bed\u97f3\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\u5b9e\u65f6\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u91cf，\u4f18\u5148\u4fdd\u969c\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
6.3 \u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4（TTL）<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u4f5c\u7528：\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af（\u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668，TTL\u51cf1，\u4e3a0\u65f6\u4e22\u5f03）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5178\u578b\u503c：Linux\u9ed8\u8ba464，Windows\u9ed8\u8ba4128\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5e94\u7528：ping\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7TTL\u5224\u65ad\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
6.4 IPsec（IP\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae）<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u529f\u80fd：\u63d0\u4f9bIP\u5c42\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1，\u4fdd\u969c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae：\n
- \n
- AH（\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5934\u90e8）：\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u6e90\u8ba4\u8bc1，\u4e0d\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
- ESP（\u5c01\u88c5\u5b89\u5168\u8f7d\u8377）：\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u53ef\u9009\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f：\n
- \n
- \u4f20\u8f93\u6a21\u5f0f：\u4ec5\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u90e8\u5206，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u96a7\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f：\u52a0\u5bc6\u6574\u4e2aIP\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u9002\u7528\u4e8eVPN\u7b49\u7f51\u7edc\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4e03\u3001IP\u534f\u8bae\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528<\/h5>\n
7.1 ping\u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u4f5c\u7528：\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e24\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u539f\u7406：\u53d1\u9001ICMP Echo Request\u5305，\u63a5\u6536ICMP Echo Reply\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570：\n
- \n
- -c：\u6307\u5b9a\u53d1\u9001\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
- -i：\u6307\u5b9a\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n
- -t：\u8bbe\u7f6eTTL\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
7.2 traceroute（Linux）\/tracert（Windows）<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u4f5c\u7528：\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u6e90\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u539f\u7406：\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0TTL\u503c，\u8feb\u4f7f\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8fd4\u56deICMP Time Exceeded\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5178\u578b\u8f93\u51fa：\u663e\u793a\u8def\u7531\u5668IP\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
7.3 ifconfig\/ip addr（Linux）\u3001ipconfig（Windows）<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u4f5c\u7528：\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5178\u578b\u8f93\u51fa：IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3001MAC\u5730\u5740\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
7.4 netstat（\u7f51\u7edc\u7edf\u8ba1）<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u4f5c\u7528：\u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570：\n
- \n
- -a：\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n
- -n：\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n
- -p：\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
7.5 nslookup\/dig<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u4f5c\u7528：\u67e5\u8be2\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740（DNS\u89e3\u6790）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u793a\u4f8b：nslookup www.baidu.com \u8fd4\u56de\u767e\u5ea6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u516b\u3001IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u9632\u62a4<\/h5>\n
IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6ce8\u91cd\u901a\u7528\u6027，\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002<\/p>\n
8.1 \u5e38\u89c1\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1<\/h6>\n
- \n
- IP\u6b3a\u9a97（Spoofing）：\u4f2a\u9020\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8eDoS\u653b\u51fb\u6216\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n
- IP\u5206\u7247\u653b\u51fb：\u5229\u7528\u5206\u7247\u673a\u5236\u6784\u9020\u5f02\u5e38\u6570\u636e\u5305（\u5982\u91cd\u53e0\u5206\u7247），\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/li>\n
- ICMP Flood：\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u91cfICMP\u5305\u8017\u5c3d\u76ee\u6807\u5e26\u5bbd\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n
- IPsec\u6f0f\u6d1e：\u5982\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53\u5bfc\u81f4\u52a0\u5bc6\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
8.2 \u9632\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219：\n
- \n
- \u8fc7\u6ee4\u6e90IP\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5916\u7f51\u6d41\u91cf（\u9632\u6b62IP\u6b3a\u9a97）\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u9650\u5236ICMP\u6d41\u91cf\u901f\u7387，\u9632\u6b62ICMP Flood\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6bb5：\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u533a\u57df，\u9650\u5236IP\u5305\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/li>\n
- IPsec\u914d\u7f6e：\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6eIPsec\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1，\u4fdd\u62a4\u654f\u611f\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1：\u76d1\u63a7\u5f02\u5e38IP\u6d41\u91cf（\u5982\u5927\u91cf\u5206\u7247\u6570\u636e\u5305），\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u653b\u51fb\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4e5d\u3001IPv4\u4e0eIPv6\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u6280\u672f<\/h5>\n
\u7531\u4e8eIPv6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9IPv4，\u9700\u91c7\u7528\u8fc7\u6e21\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u6ed1\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n
9.1 \u53cc\u6808\u6280\u672f<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u539f\u7406：\u8bbe\u5907\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301IPv4\u548cIPv6\u534f\u8bae\u6808，\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u4f18\u52bf：\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355，\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u597d\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5c40\u9650\u6027：\u9700\u5168\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u652f\u6301，\u90e8\u7f72\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
9.2 \u96a7\u9053\u6280\u672f<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u539f\u7406：\u5c06IPv6\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c01\u88c5\u5728IPv4\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d，\u901a\u8fc7IPv4\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5e38\u89c1\u96a7\u9053\u534f\u8bae：\n
- \n
- 6to4：\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u96a7\u9053，\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u6b8aIPv6\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f002002::\/16\u3002<\/li>\n
- GRE\u96a7\u9053：\u901a\u7528\u8def\u7531\u5c01\u88c5，\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u5c01\u88c5\u3002<\/li>\n
- ISATAP：\u7ad9\u5185\u81ea\u52a8\u96a7\u9053\u5bfb\u5740\u534f\u8bae，\u7528\u4e8eIPv6\u5b64\u5c9b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
9.3 \u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f（NAT-PT）<\/h6>\n
- \n
- \u539f\u7406：\u5728IPv4\u548cIPv6\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5730\u5740\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5178\u578b\u65b9\u6848：\n
- \n
- NAT64：\u5c06IPv6\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u5230IPv4\u5730\u5740，\u5b9e\u73b0IPv6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bbf\u95eeIPv4\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n
- DNS64：\u914d\u5408NAT64，\u5c06\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u5408\u6210\u7684IPv6\u5730\u5740（\u5982IPv4\u5730\u5740\u5d4c\u5165\u523064:ff9b::\/96\u524d\u7f00）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\nIP\u534f\u8bae\u4f5c\u4e3aTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3，\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7IP\u5730\u5740\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u7403\u5bfb\u5740，\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1，\u652f\u6491\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4e0a\u5c42\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002IPv4\u768432\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u867d\u9762\u4e34\u8017\u5c3d\u95ee\u9898，\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7NAT\u3001CIDR\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u4ecd\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528；IPv6\u7684128\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5219\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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