{"id":52765,"date":"2025-08-11T18:59:05","date_gmt":"2025-08-11T10:59:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/52765.html"},"modified":"2025-08-11T18:59:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T10:59:05","slug":"linux%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0-%e8%bd%af%e4%bb%b6%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%88io%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/52765.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u5b66\u4e60\u2014\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08IO\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1.IO<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 \u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>IO\u6307input \/ output<\/li>\n<li>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u662f\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>IO\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.2 \u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u6bb5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u96c6\u5408<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5916\u5b58\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6389\u7535\u540e\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" style=\"width:600px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>b<\/td>\n<td>block<\/td>\n<td>\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>\u6309\u5757&#xff08;512\u5b57\u8282&#xff09;\u626b\u63cf\u8bbe\u5907\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6IO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>character<\/td>\n<td>\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>\u6309\u5b57\u7b26\u626b\u63cf\u8bbe\u5907\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6IO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>d<\/td>\n<td>directory<\/td>\n<td>\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>\u5b58\u653e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/td>\n<td>\u76ee\u5f55IO\/\u6587\u4ef6IO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>\u5b58\u653e\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<td>\u6807\u51c6IO\/\u6587\u4ef6IO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>l<\/td>\n<td>link<\/td>\n<td>\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8ewindows\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>\u94fe\u63a5IO\/\u6587\u4ef6IO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>s<\/td>\n<td>socket<\/td>\n<td>\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6IO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>p<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>pipe<\/td>\n<td>\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6IO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>1.3 \u6807\u51c6IO<\/h3>\n<p>1.\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>2.\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>1.ASCII\u7801\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u5747\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u7684ASCII\u7801\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5747\u4e3aASCII\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2.\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u5747\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u653e&#xff08;\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ASCII\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u5747\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3.\u6807\u51c6IO\u7684\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" style=\"width:500px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>fopen\/fclose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>fgetc\/fputc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>fgets\/fputs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>fscanf\/fprintf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>fread\/fwrite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>fseek\/rewind\/ftell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>4.\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00<\/p>\n<p>fopen<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u578b&#xff1a;FILE *fopen(const char *pathname, const char *mode);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;fopen() \u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00\u7531 pathname \u6307\u5411\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    pathname&#xff1a;\u8981\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<br \/>\n    mode&#xff1a;\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<br \/>\n    r:\u53ea\u8bfb         \u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u53ea\u8bfb\u6253\u5f00&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u62a5\u9519<br \/>\n    r&#043;:\u8bfb\u5199        \u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u8bfb\u5199\u6253\u5f00&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u62a5\u9519<br \/>\n    w:\u53ea\u5199         \u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u6e050&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u521b\u5efa&#xff0c;\u53ea\u5199\u6253\u5f00<br \/>\n    w&#043;:\u8bfb\u5199        \u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u6e050&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u521b\u5efa&#xff0c;\u5199\u8bfb\u6253\u5f00<br \/>\n    a:\u8ffd\u52a0         \u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u8ffd\u52a0&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u521b\u5efa&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8bfb\u6253\u5f00<br \/>\n    a&#043;:\u8ffd\u52a0\u8bfb\u5199    \u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u8ffd\u52a0&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u521b\u5efa&#xff0c;\u5199\u8bfb\u6253\u5f00<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    \u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56deFILE*\u6307\u9488<br \/>\n    \u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56deNULL<\/p>\n<p>fclose<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u578b&#xff1a;int fclose(FILE *stream);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u5173\u95ed\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6d41<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    stream:\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    \u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de0<br \/>\n    \u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56deEOF&#xff08;-1&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>fputc<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u578b&#xff1a;int fputc(int c, FILE *stream);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26c\u5199\u5165\u6d41\u4e2d<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    c:\u8981\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26<br \/>\n    stream&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    \u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u8f93\u51fa\u7684ASCII\u7801\u503c<br \/>\n    \u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56deEOF&#xff08;-1&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;ch &#061; putchar()\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8efputc(ch, stdout)<\/p>\n<p>fgetc<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u578b&#xff1a;int fgetc(int c, FILE *stream);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u8bfb\u53d6\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    stream&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    \u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u8f93\u51fa\u7684ASCII\u7801\u503c<br \/>\n    \u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56deEOF&#xff08;-1&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;ch &#061; getchar()\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8efgetc(ch, stdin)<\/p>\n<p>fputs<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u578b&#xff1a;int fputs(const char *s, FILE *stream);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u5411\u6d41\u4e2d\u5199\u5165s\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    s&#xff1a;\u8981\u5199\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u9996\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n    stream&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    \u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u8d1f\u6570<br \/>\n    \u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56deEOF<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;fputs\u4e0d\u4f1a\u591a\u6253\u5370\\\\n\u5b57\u7b26\u3001puts\u4f1a\u591a\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e2a\\\\n\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<p>fgets<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u578b&#xff1a;char *fgets(const char *s, int size, FILE *stream);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u4ece\u6d41\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u8bfbsize-1\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5165s\u6307\u5411\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u9047\u5230\\\\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u622a\u81f3<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    s&#xff1a;\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n    size&#xff1a;\u6700\u591a\u5b58\u653e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<br \/>\n    stream&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    \u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n    \u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56deNULL<br \/>\n    \u8bfb\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u8fd4\u56deNULL<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;gets\u4f1a\u53bb\u6389\u4ece\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u7684\\\\n\u5b57\u7b26\u3001fgets\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u6389\u4ece\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u7684\\\\n\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<p>fprintf<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u578b&#xff1a;int fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, &#8230;);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u5c06\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6253\u5370\u5728\u6d41\u4e2d<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    stream&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488<br \/>\n    format&#xff1a;\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<br \/>\n    &#8230;&#xff1a;\u53c2\u6570<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    \u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<br \/>\n    \u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de\u8d1f\u6570<\/p>\n<p>fscanf<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u578b&#xff1a;int fscanf(FILE *stream, const char *format, &#8230;);<br \/>\n\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u4ece\u6d41\u4e2d\u63a5\u6536\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<br \/>\n\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    stream&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u6307\u9488<br \/>\n    format&#xff1a;\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<br \/>\n    &#8230;&#xff1a;\u53c2\u6570<br \/>\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<br \/>\n    \u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u63a7\u5236\u7b26\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<br \/>\n    \u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56deEOF<br \/>\n    \u8bfb\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u8fd4\u56deEOF<\/p>\n<p>\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6d41<\/p>\n<p>stdin&#xff1a;\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6d41<\/p>\n<p>stdout&#xff1a;\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41<\/p>\n<p>stderr&#xff1a;\u6807\u51c6\u51fa\u9519\u6d41<\/p>\n<p class=\"img-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250811105903-6899ccf76b796.png\" width=\"427\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>printf\u3001puts\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8estdin<\/li>\n<li>gets\u3001scanf\u3001getchar\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8estdout<\/li>\n<li>perror\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8estderr<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>5.\u6807\u51c6IO\u7684\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n<p>\u6807\u51c6IO\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6807\u51c6IO\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u7684IO<\/li>\n<li>\u6548\u7387\u9ad8<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u5dee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"img-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"283\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250811105904-6899ccf831ccc.png\" width=\"527\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p>1.\u5168\u7f13\u5b58&#xff1a;\u7f13\u5b58\u533a\u6ee1&#xff08;4k&#xff09;\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u5b58\u3001fflush\u51fd\u6570\u5f3a\u5236\u5237\u65b0\u3001fclose\u6216\u8005\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5173\u95ed\u5237\u65b0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u5168\u7f13\u5b58<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2.\u884c\u7f13\u5b58&#xff1a;\u9047\u5230\\\\n\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u5b58\u533a\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u533a\u6ee1&#xff08;1k&#xff09;\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u5b58\u3001fflush\u51fd\u6570\u5f3a\u5236\u5237\u65b0\u3001fclose\u6216\u8005\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5173\u95ed\u5237\u65b0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u884c\u7f13\u5b58&#xff08;stdin\u3001stdout\u5747\u4e3a\u884c\u7f13\u5b58&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3.\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58&#xff1a;\u7acb\u5373\u5237\u65b0&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58&#xff08;0k&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u51fa\u9519\u5904\u7406\u6216\u8005\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58&#xff08;stderr\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb272\u6b21\u3002\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684IO\u64cd\u4f5c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u6807\u51c6IO\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a1\uff09\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u7c7b\uff08\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5757\/\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\uff09\uff1b2\uff09\u6807\u51c6IO\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\uff08fopen\/fclose\u3001\u8bfb\u5199\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\uff09\uff1b3\uff09\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bf4\u660e\uff1b4\uff09\u6807\u51c6IO\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5168\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u884c\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u6807\u51c6IO\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u6d41\uff08stdin\/stdout\/stderr\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u7f13\u5b58\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":52763,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[174,1473,58,371],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-52765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-io","tag-linux","tag-371"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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