{"id":52243,"date":"2025-08-11T12:04:39","date_gmt":"2025-08-11T04:04:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/52243.html"},"modified":"2025-08-11T12:04:39","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T04:04:39","slug":"gdb%e8%b0%83%e8%af%95%e4%b8%adx%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e7%94%a8%e6%b3%95%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/52243.html","title":{"rendered":"GDB\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e2dx\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6cd5\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728 GDB \u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u4e2d，x \u547d\u4ee4（\u5168\u79f0 examine）\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

x\/[<\/span>\u9009\u9879]<\/span> <<\/span>\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740><\/span><\/p>\n

📌 \u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n\n\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u9009\u9879\u542b\u4e49\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u683c\u5f0f<\/td>\nx<\/td>\n\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570<\/td>\nx\/x 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nd<\/td>\n\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570<\/td>\nx\/d 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nu<\/td>\n\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570<\/td>\nx\/u 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\no<\/td>\n\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570<\/td>\nx\/o 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nt<\/td>\n\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570<\/td>\nx\/t 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nc<\/td>\n\u5b57\u7b26（ASCII）<\/td>\nx\/c 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\ns<\/td>\n\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32（\u4ee5 \\\\0 \u7ed3\u5c3e）<\/td>\nx\/s 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\ni<\/td>\n\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4<\/td>\nx\/i 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5355\u4f4d<\/td>\nb (byte)<\/td>\n1 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\nx\/4xb 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nh (half)<\/td>\n2 \u5b57\u8282（\u534a\u5b57）<\/td>\nx\/2xh 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nw (word)<\/td>\n4 \u5b57\u8282（\u5b57，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5355\u4f4d）<\/td>\nx\/1xw 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\ng (giant)<\/td>\n8 \u5b57\u8282（\u5de8\u5b57，64\u4f4d）<\/td>\nx\/1xg 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6570\u91cf<\/td>\nn<\/td>\n\u663e\u793a\u8fde\u7eed n \u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d<\/td>\nx\/10xw 0x4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

🔍 \u5e38\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n
  • \n

    \u67e5\u770b\u5730\u5740 0x4000 \u5904\u7684 1 \u4e2a 4 \u5b57\u8282\u503c（\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236）<\/p>\n

    (<\/span>gdb)<\/span> x\/xw 0x4000<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u8f93\u51fa：0x4000: 0xdeadbeef<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n

      \u8fde\u7eed\u67e5\u770b 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282（\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236 + \u5b57\u7b26\u5f62\u5f0f）<\/p>\n

      (<\/span>gdb)<\/span> x\/4xb 0x4000<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u8f93\u51fa：0x4000: 0x41 'A' 0x42 'B'
        \n0x4002: 0x43 'C' 0x00 '\\\\0'<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n

        \u67e5\u770b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32（\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u6790\u76f4\u5230 \\\\0）<\/p>\n

        (<\/span>gdb)<\/span> x\/s 0x4000<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u8f93\u51fa：0x4000: "Hello World"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n

          \u67e5\u770b 10 \u6761\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

          (<\/span>gdb)<\/span> x\/10i 0x4000<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u8f93\u51fa：0x4000: push %rbp
            \n0x4001: mov %rsp,%rbp
            \n…<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
            \n

            \u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h4>\n
          • \u7701\u7565\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6：\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 w（4\u5b57\u8282），\u5982 x\/x 0x4000 \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e x\/xw 0x4000\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u7701\u7565\u6570\u91cf\u65f6：\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a 1 \u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d，\u5982 x\/x \u53ea\u663e\u793a 1 \u4e2a\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u5730\u5740\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f：\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u6216\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668：(<\/span>gdb)<\/span> x\/x &<\/span>my_var # \u67e5\u770b\u53d8\u91cf my_var \u7684\u5730\u5740\u503c<\/span>
            \n(<\/span>gdb)<\/span> x\/x $rsp<\/span> # \u67e5\u770b\u6808\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7684\u503c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          • \u8fde\u7eed\u67e5\u770b：\u6309 Enter \u952e \u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761 x \u547d\u4ee4（\u81ea\u52a8\u9012\u589e\u5730\u5740）\u3002<\/li>\n
            \n

            💡 \u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7<\/h4>\n
              \n
            • \u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u770b\u6808\u5185\u5b58：(<\/span>gdb)<\/span> x\/16xw $sp<\/span> # \u67e5\u770b\u6808\u9876\u5f00\u59cb\u7684 16 \u4e2a\u5b57（64\u5b57\u8282）<\/span>\n<\/li>\n
            • \u6df7\u5408\u663e\u793a\u683c\u5f0f：(<\/span>gdb)<\/span> x\/4xw 0x4000 # 4 \u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57<\/span>
              \n(<\/span>gdb)<\/span> x\/4i 0x4000 # 4 \u6761\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u901a\u8fc7\u7075\u6d3b\u7ec4\u5408\u683c\u5f0f\/\u5355\u4f4d\/\u6570\u91cf，x \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u9ad8\u6548\u5206\u6790\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e！<\/p>\n

              \n

              \u5728GDB（GNU\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668）\u4e2d，x \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002x \u4ee3\u8868 \u201cexamine\u201d（\u68c0\u67e5）\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3001\u663e\u793a\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5：<\/h4>\n

              x\/[\u6570\u91cf][\u683c\u5f0f][\u5927\u5c0f] \u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

              \u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e：<\/h4>\n
            • \u6570\u91cf：\u8981\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf（\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570）\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u683c\u5f0f：\u6307\u5b9a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u6709：\n
                \n
              • x：\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236<\/li>\n
              • d：\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u5341\u8fdb\u5236<\/li>\n
              • u：\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u5341\u8fdb\u5236<\/li>\n
              • o：\u516b\u8fdb\u5236<\/li>\n
              • t：\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236（\u5373 \u201ctwo\u201d \u7684\u7f29\u5199）<\/li>\n
              • a：\u5730\u5740（\u6307\u9488）<\/li>\n
              • c：\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n
              • s：\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n
              • i：\u6307\u4ee4（\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00）<\/li>\n
              • f：\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
              • \u5927\u5c0f：\u6307\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5927\u5c0f\u5b57\u7b26\u6709：\n
                  \n
                • b：\u5b57\u8282（byte，1\u5b57\u8282）<\/li>\n
                • h：\u534a\u5b57（halfword，2\u5b57\u8282）<\/li>\n
                • w：\u5b57（word，4\u5b57\u8282）（\u572864\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f4\u5b57\u8282，\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528g\u8868\u793a8\u5b57\u8282）<\/li>\n
                • g：\u5de8\u5b57（giant word，8\u5b57\u8282）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                • \u5730\u5740：\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565，\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21x\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740（\u5373\u8fde\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528x\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a）\u3002<\/li>\n

                  \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879：<\/h4>\n
                    \n
                  • \u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u6216\u5927\u5c0f\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206，\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21x\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f：\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a1，\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236，\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u5b57）\u3002<\/li>\n
                  • \u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f，\u4f8b\u5982\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u540d，\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u5730\u5740（\u59820x400000）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u793a\u4f8b：<\/h4>\n
                  • \u4ee5\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740（4\u5b57\u8282）：x\/wx 0x400000\n
                      \n
                    • w \u8868\u793a4\u5b57\u8282，x\u8868\u793a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                    • \u4ee5\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u67e5\u770b10\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5b57\u8282：x\/10xb 0x400000\n
                        \n
                      • 10 \u8868\u793a10\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20，x\u8868\u793a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236，b\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                      • \u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u683c\u5f0f\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740（\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26）：x\/s 0x400000\n
                          \n
                        • s \u8868\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26（\u2018\\\\0\u2019）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                        • \u4ee5\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740：x\/5i 0x400000\n
                            \n
                          • 5i \u8868\u793a\u663e\u793a5\u6761\u6307\u4ee4（i\u8868\u793a\u6307\u4ee4）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                          • \u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5b58：x &my_variable\n

                            \u6216\u8005\u6307\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f：x\/d &my_variable # \u4ee5\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570\u67e5\u770b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            \u5176\u4ed6\u6280\u5de7：<\/h4>\n
                              \n
                            • \u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684x\u547d\u4ee4：\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165x（\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570）\u6216\u6309\u56de\u8f66（\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u662fx，\u5219\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c）\u3002<\/li>\n
                            • \u66f4\u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u663e\u793a\u683c\u5f0f：\u4f8b\u5982，set output-radix 16 \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u57fa\u6570\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236，\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\u5728x\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \u793a\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a：<\/h4>\n

                              \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cfint a = 42;，\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u67e5\u770b\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5b58：<\/p>\n

                              (gdb) p &a # \u83b7\u53d6\u53d8\u91cfa\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u51fa\u4e3a 0x7fffffffde44
                              \n(gdb) x\/wd 0x7fffffffde44 # \u4ee54\u5b57\u8282（w）\u5341\u8fdb\u5236（d）\u67e5\u770b
                              \n0x7fffffffde44: 42
                              \n(gdb) x\/wx 0x7fffffffde44 # \u4ee54\u5b57\u8282\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u67e5\u770b
                              \n0x7fffffffde44: 0x0000002a<\/p>\n

                              \u603b\u7ed3：<\/h4>\n

                              x \u547d\u4ee4\u662fGDB\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177，\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5927\u5c0f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1x\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5e95\u5c42\u7a0b\u5e8f（\u5982\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf）\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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