{"id":52208,"date":"2025-08-11T11:34:32","date_gmt":"2025-08-11T03:34:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/52208.html"},"modified":"2025-08-11T11:34:32","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T03:34:32","slug":"c-%e8%af%a6%e8%b0%88%e5%a4%9a%e6%80%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/52208.html","title":{"rendered":"C++ \u8be6\u8c08\u591a\u6001"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u591a\u6001\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u591a\u6001(polymorphism)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5：\u901a\u4fd7\u6765\u8bf4，\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u591a\u6001\u5206\u4e3a\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u591a\u6001(\u9759\u6001\u591a\u6001)\u548c\u8fd0\u2f8f\u65f6\u591a\u6001(\u52a8\u6001\u591a\u6001)，\u8fd9\u2fa5\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u70b9\u8bb2\u8fd0\u2f8f\u65f6\u591a\u6001，\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u591a\u6001(\u9759\u6001\u591a\u6001)\u548c\u8fd0\u2f8f\u65f6\u591a\u6001(\u52a8\u6001\u591a\u6001)\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u591a\u6001(\u9759\u6001\u591a\u6001)\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u2faf\u8bb2\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f，\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f20\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u2f64\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570，\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u8fbe\u5230\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u6001，\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53eb\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u591a\u6001，\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u53c2\u4f20\u7ed9\u5f62\u53c2\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5339\u914d\u662f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\u7684，\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u2f00\u822c\u5f52\u4e3a\u9759\u6001，\u8fd0\u2f8f\u65f6\u5f52\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u2f8f\u65f6\u591a\u6001，\u5177\u4f53\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4e2a\u2f8f\u4e3a(\u51fd\u6570)，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u4f1a\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u2f8f\u4e3a，\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u2f50\u5982\u4e70\u7968\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2f8f\u4e3a，\u5f53\u666e\u901a\u2f08\u4e70\u7968\u65f6，\u662f\u5168\u4ef7\u4e70\u7968；\u5b66\u2f63\u4e70\u7968\u65f6，\u662f\u4f18\u60e0\u4e70\u7968(5\u6298\u621675\u6298)；\u519b\u2f08\u4e70\u7968\u65f6\u662f\u4f18\u5148\u4e70\u7968\u3002\u518d\u2f50\u5982，\u540c\u6837\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u53eb\u7684\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f8f\u4e3a(\u51fd\u6570)，\u4f20\u732b\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fc7\u53bb，\u5c31\u662f\u201d(>^\u03c9^<)\u55b5\u201c，\u4f20\u72d7\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fc7\u53bb，\u5c31\u662f"\u6c6a\u6c6a"\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u591a\u6001\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ca\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u591a\u6001\u7684\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u591a\u6001\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e0b\u7684\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61，\u53bb\u8c03\u2f64\u540c\u2f00\u51fd\u6570，\u4ea7\u2f63\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u2f8f\u4e3a\u3002\u2f50\u5982Student\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Person\u3002Person\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e70\u7968\u5168\u4ef7，Student\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f18\u60e0\u4e70\u7968\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6001\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u8981\u6761\u4ef6：<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u2f64\u8c03\u2f64\u865a\u51fd\u6570 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u88ab\u8c03\u2f64\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u865a\u51fd\u6570，\u5e76\u4e14\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u5199\/\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u8bf4\u660e：\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6001\u6548\u679c，\u7b2c\u2f00\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u2f64，\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u2f64\u624d\u80fd\u65e2\u6307\u5411\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u2f1c\u6307\u5411\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61；\u7b2c\u2f06\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6210\u91cd\u5199\/\u8986\u76d6，\u91cd\u5199\u6216\u8005\u8986\u76d6\u4e86，\u57fa\u7c7b\u548c\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570，\u591a\u6001\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u6001\u6548\u679c\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u3002<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u865a\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u524d\u2faf\u52a0virtual\u4fee\u9970，\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u2fae\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0virtual\u4fee\u9970\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

class Person
\n{
\npublic:
\nvirtual void BuyTicket() { cout << "\u4e70\u7968-\u5168\u4ef7" << endl; }
\n};<\/p>\n

\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u5199\/\u8986\u76d6<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u5199\/\u8986\u76d6：\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6709\u2f00\u4e2a\u8ddf\u57fa\u7c7b\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570(\u5373\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u57fa\u7c7b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c)，\u79f0\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u5199\u4e86\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：\u5728\u91cd\u5199\u57fa\u7c7b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u65f6，\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u4e0d\u52a0virtual\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u65f6，\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u5199(\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ee7\u627f<\/span>\u540e\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\u5728\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u4f9d\u65e7\u4fdd\u6301\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5c5e\u6027)，\u4f46\u662f\u8be5\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u89c4\u8303，\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u8fd9\u6837<\/span>\u4f7f\u2f64，\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u8003\u8bd5\u9009\u62e9\u9898\u4e2d，\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u6545\u610f\u4e70\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5751，\u8ba9\u4f60\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u6784\u6210\u591a\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

class Person {
\npublic:
\nvirtual void BuyTicket() { cout << "\u4e70\u7968-\u5168\u4ef7" << endl; }
\n};
\nclass Student : public Person {
\npublic:
\nvirtual void BuyTicket() { cout << "\u4e70\u7968-\u6253\u6298" << endl; }
\n};
\nvoid Func(Person* ptr)
\n{
\n\/\/ \u8fd9\u2fa5\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u867d\u7136\u90fd\u662fPerson\u6307\u9488Ptr\u5728\u8c03\u2f64BuyTicket
\n\/\/ \u4f46\u662f\u8ddfptr\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb，\u2f7d\u662f\u7531ptr\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002
\nptr->BuyTicket();
\n}
\nint main()
\n{
\nPerson ps;
\nStudent st;
\nFunc(&ps);
\nFunc(&st);
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

class Animal
\n{
\npublic:
\nvirtual void talk() const
\n{}
\n};
\nclass Dog : public Animal
\n{
\npublic:
\nvirtual void talk() const
\n{
\nstd::cout << "\u6c6a\u6c6a" << std::endl;
\n}
\n};
\nclass Cat : public Animal
\n{
\npublic:
\nvirtual void talk() const
\n{
\nstd::cout << "(>^\u03c9^<)\u55b5" << std::endl;
\n}
\n};
\nvoid letsHear(const Animal& animal)
\n{
\nanimal.talk();
\n}
\nint main()
\n{
\nCat cat;
\nDog dog;
\nletsHear(cat);
\nletsHear(dog);
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u2f00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u534f\u53d8(\u4e86\u89e3)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u57fa\u7c7b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u65f6，\u4e0e\u57fa\u7c7b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5373\u57fa\u7c7b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u2f64，\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u2f64\u65f6，\u79f0\u4e3a\u534f\u53d8\u3002\u534f\u53d8\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u2f24，\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u2f00\u4e0b\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

class A {};
\nclass B : public A {};
\nclass Person {
\npublic:
\nvirtual A* BuyTicket()
\n{
\ncout << "\u4e70\u7968-\u5168\u4ef7" << endl;
\nreturn nullptr;
\n}
\n};
\nclass Student : public Person {
\npublic:
\nvirtual B* BuyTicket()
\n{
\ncout << "\u4e70\u7968-\u6253\u6298" << endl;
\nreturn nullptr;
\n}
\n};
\nvoid Func(Person* ptr)
\n{
\nptr->BuyTicket();
\n}
\nint main()
\n{
\nPerson ps;
\nStudent st;
\nFunc(&ps);
\nFunc(&st);
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u5199<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u865a\u51fd\u6570，\u6b64\u65f6\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49，\u2f46\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u52a0virtual\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u90fd\u4e0e\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u5199，\u867d\u7136\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e0e\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u89c4\u5219，\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5bf9\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u505a\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406，\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7edf\u2f00\u5904\u7406\u6210destructor，\u6240\u4ee5\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u52a0\u4e86vialtual\u4fee\u9970，\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u5199\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u2faf\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230，\u5982\u679c~A()，\u4e0d\u52a0virtual，\u90a3\u4e48delete p2\u65f6\u53ea\u8c03\u2f64\u7684A\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u6ca1\u6709\u8c03\u2f64B\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898，\u56e0\u4e3a~B()\u4e2d\u5728\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u2faf\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u8003\u5bdf，\u2f24\u5bb6\u2f00\u5b9a\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0b\u2faf\u7684\u6837\u4f8b\u624d\u80fd\u8bb2\u6e05\u695a，\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u6790\u6784<\/span>\u51fd\u6570\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

class A
\n{
\npublic:
\nvirtual ~A()
\n{
\ncout << "~A()" << endl;
\n}
\n};
\nclass B : public A {
\npublic:
\n~B()
\n{
\ncout << "~B()->delete:" << _p << endl;
\ndelete _p;
\n}
\nprotected:
\nint* _p = new int[10];
\n};
\n\/\/ \u53ea\u6709\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7bStudent\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u5199\u4e86Person\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u4e0b\u2faf\u7684delete\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u2f64\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u624d\u80fd
\n\u6784\u6210\u591a\u6001，\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1p1\u548cp2\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8c03\u2f64\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002
\nint main()
\n{
\nA* p1 = new A;
\nA* p2 = new B;
\ndelete p1;
\ndelete p2;
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

override \u548c final\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u4ece\u4e0a\u2faf\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa，C++\u5bf9\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u2f50\u8f83\u4e25\u683c，\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7531\u4e8e\u758f\u5ffd，\u2f50\u5982\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5199\u9519\u53c2\u6570\u5199\u9519\u7b49\u5bfc\u81f4\u2f46\u6cd5\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u5199，\u2f7d\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u51fa\u7684，\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u2f8f\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u624d\u6765debug\u4f1a\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931，\u56e0\u6b64C++11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86override，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u2f64\u2f3e\u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5426\u91cd\u5199\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u865a\u51fd\u6570，\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u2f64final\u53bb\u4fee\u9970\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ error C3668: \u201cBenz::Drive\u201d: \u5305\u542b\u91cd\u5199\u8bf4\u660e\u7b26\u201coverride\u201d\u7684\u2f45\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u5199\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u7c7b\u2f45\u6cd5
\nclass Car {
\npublic:
\nvirtual void Dirve()
\n{}
\n};
\nclass Benz :public Car {
\npublic:
\nvirtual void Drive() override { cout << "Benz-\u8212\u9002" << endl; }
\n};
\nint main()
\n{
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\/\/ error C3248: \u201cCar::Drive\u201d: \u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u201cfinal\u201d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u2f46\u6cd5\u88ab\u201cBenz::Drive\u201d\u91cd\u5199
\nclass Car
\n{
\npublic:
\nvirtual void Drive() final {}
\n};
\nclass Benz :public Car
\n{
\npublic:
\nvirtual void Drive() { cout << "Benz-\u8212\u9002" << endl; }
\n};
\nint main()
\n{
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u8f7d\/\u91cd\u5199\/\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u5bf9\u2f50<\/span><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3. \u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u5728\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u540e\u2faf\u5199\u4e0a =0 ，\u5219\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570，\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9e\u73b0(\u5b9e\u73b0\u6ca1\u5565\u610f\u4e49\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u88ab\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199，\u4f46\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0)，\u53ea\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5305\u542b\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u53eb\u505a\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b，\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u51fa\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5982\u679c\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u540e\u4e0d\u91cd\u5199\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570，\u90a3\u4e48\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u4e5f\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u3002\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f3a\u5236\u4e86\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u865a\u51fd\u6570，\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u91cd\u5199\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u4e0d\u51fa\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

class Car
\n{
\npublic:
\nvirtual void Drive() = 0;
\n};
\nclass Benz :public Car
\n{
\npublic:
\nvirtual void Drive()
\n{
\ncout << "Benz-\u8212\u9002" << endl;
\n}
\n};
\nclass BMW :public Car
\n{
\npublic:
\nvirtual void Drive()
\n{
\ncout << "BMW-\u64cd\u63a7" << endl;
\n}
\n};
\nint main()
\n{
\n\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：error C2259: \u201cCar\u201d: \u2f46\u6cd5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b
\nCar car;
\nCar* pBenz = new Benz;
\npBenz->Drive();
\nCar* pBMW = new BMW;
\npBMW->Drive();
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

4. \u591a\u6001\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u6307\u9488<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u4e0b\u2faf\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a32\u4f4d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u2f8f\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48（） <\/span><\/p>\n

A. \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519 B. \u8fd0\u2f8f\u62a5\u9519 C. 8 D. 12<\/span><\/p>\n

class Base
\n{
\npublic:
\nvirtual void Func1()
\n{
\ncout << "Func1()" << endl;
\n}
\nprotected:
\nint _b = 1;
\nchar _ch = 'x';
\n};
\nint main()
\n{
\nBase b;
\ncout << sizeof(b) << endl;
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u2faf\u9898\u2f6c\u8fd0\u2f8f\u7ed3\u679c12bytes，\u9664\u4e86_b\u548c_ch\u6210\u5458，\u8fd8\u591a\u2f00\u4e2a__vfptr\u653e\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u524d\u2faf(\u6ce8\u610f\u6709\u4e9b\u5e73\u53f0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u653e\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6700\u540e\u2faf，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ddf\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173)，\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6211\u4eec\u53eb\u505a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u6307\u9488(v\u4ee3\u8868virtual，f\u4ee3\u8868function)\u3002\u2f00\u4e2a\u542b\u6709\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u4e2d\u90fd\u2f84\u5c11\u90fd\u6709\u2f00\u4e2a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u6307\u9488，\u56e0\u4e3a\u2f00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6240\u6709\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8981\u88ab\u653e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u4e2d，\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u4e5f\u7b80\u79f0\u865a\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u591a\u6001\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u591a\u6001\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u2ec6\u5ea6Func\u51fd\u6570\u4e2dptr->BuyTicket()，\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u4e3aptr\u6307\u5411Person\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03Person::BuyTicket，ptr\u6307\u5411Student\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u2f64Student::BuyTicket\u7684\u5462？\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u56fe\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230，\u6ee1\u2f9c\u591a\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u540e，\u5e95\u5c42\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u2f64\u5bf9\u8c61\u786e\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u2f7d\u662f\u8fd0\u2f8f\u65f6\u5230\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u865a\u8868\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u2f64\u6307\u5411\u57fa\u7c7b\u5c31\u8c03\u2f64\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570，\u6307\u5411\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u5c31\u8c03\u2f64\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u7b2c\u2f00\u5f20\u56fe，ptr\u6307\u5411\u7684Person\u5bf9\u8c61，\u8c03\u2f64\u7684\u662fPerson\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570；\u7b2c\u2f06\u5f20\u56fe，ptr\u6307\u5411\u7684Student\u5bf9\u8c61，\u8c03\u2f64\u7684\u662fStudent\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

class Person {
\npublic:
\nvirtual void BuyTicket() { cout << "\u4e70\u7968-\u5168\u4ef7" << endl; }
\nprivate:
\nstring _name;
\n};
\nclass Student : public Person {
\npublic:
\nvirtual void BuyTicket() { cout << "\u4e70\u7968-\u6253\u6298" << endl; }
\nprivate:
\nstring _id;
\n};
\nclass Soldier : public Person {
\npublic:
\nvirtual void BuyTicket() { cout << "\u4e70\u7968-\u4f18\u5148" << endl; }
\nprivate:
\nstring _codename;
\n};
\nvoid Func(Person* ptr)
\n{
\n\/\/ \u8fd9\u2fa5\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u867d\u7136\u90fd\u662fPerson\u6307\u9488Ptr\u5728\u8c03\u2f64BuyTicket
\n\/\/ \u4f46\u662f\u8ddfptr\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb，\u2f7d\u662f\u7531ptr\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002
\nptr->BuyTicket();
\n}
\nint main()
\n{
\n\/\/ \u5176\u6b21\u591a\u6001\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53d1\u2f63\u5728\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4，\u591a\u4e2a\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u57fa\u7c7b，\u91cd\u5199\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u540e
\n\/\/ \u591a\u6001\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u2f63\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002
\nPerson ps;
\nStudent st;
\nSoldier sr;
\nFunc(&ps);
\nFunc(&st);
\nFunc(&sr);
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u5bf9\u4e0d\u6ee1\u2f9c\u591a\u6001\u6761\u4ef6(\u6307\u9488\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u2f64+\u8c03\u2f64\u865a\u51fd\u6570)\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u2f64\u662f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u7ed1\u5b9a，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u8c03\u2f64\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u53eb\u505a\u9759\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ee1\u2f9c\u591a\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u2f64\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u2f8f\u65f6\u7ed1\u5b9a，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u2f8f\u65f6\u5230\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u8c03\u2f64\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u4e5f\u5c31\u505a\u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/ ptr\u662f\u6307\u9488<\/span>+BuyTicket<\/span>\u662f\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u6ee1\u2f9c\u591a\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/ \u8fd9\u2fa5\u5c31\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5728\u8fd0\u2f8f\u65f6\u5230<\/span>ptr<\/span>\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9a\u8c03\u2f64\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0ptr-><\/span>BuyTicket<\/span>(); <\/span><\/p>\n

00<\/span>EF2001 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0mov eax,dword ptr [ptr] <\/span><\/p>\n

00<\/span>EF2004 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0mov edx,dword ptr [eax] <\/span><\/p>\n

00<\/span>EF2006 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0mov esi,esp <\/span><\/p>\n

00<\/span>EF2008 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0mov ecx,dword ptr [ptr] <\/span><\/p>\n

00<\/span>EF200B \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0mov eax,dword ptr [edx] <\/span><\/p>\n

00<\/span>EF200D \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0call eax <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/ BuyTicket\u4e0d\u662f\u865a\u51fd\u6570，\u4e0d\u6ee1\u2f9c\u591a\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/ \u8fd9\u2fa5\u5c31\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u786e\u5b9a\u8c03\u2f64\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0ptr-><\/span>BuyTicket<\/span>(); <\/span><\/p>\n

00<\/span>EA2C91 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0mov ecx,dword ptr [ptr] <\/span><\/p>\n

00<\/span>EA2C94 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0call <\/span>Student::Student <\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>EA153Ch)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u57fa\u7c7b\u6240\u6709\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u2f64\u540c\u2f00\u5f20\u865a\u8868，\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5404\u2f83\u6709\u72ec\u2f74\u7684\u865a\u8868，\u6240\u4ee5\u57fa\u7c7b\u548c\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u6709\u5404\u2f83\u72ec\u2f74\u7684\u865a\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210，\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u548c\u2f83\u2f30\u7684\u6210\u5458，\u2f00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6709\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u6307\u9488，\u2f83\u2f30\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u2f63\u6210\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u6307\u9488\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8fd9\u2fa5\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u90e8\u5206\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u6307\u9488\u548c\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u6307\u9488\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u2f00\u4e2a，\u5c31\u50cf\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6210\u5458\u548c\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u6210\u5458\u4e5f\u72ec\u2f74\u7684\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u4e2d\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570，\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u6210\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u4e2d\u5305\u542b，(1)\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740，(2)\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740\u5b8c\u6210\u8986\u76d6，\u6d3e\u2f63\u7c7b\u2f83\u2f30\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a\u5b58\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4，\u2f00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u540e\u2faf\u653e\u4e86\u2f00\u4e2a0x00000000\u6807\u8bb0\u3002(\u8fd9\u4e2aC++\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u2f8f\u89c4\u5b9a，\u5404\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u2f83\u2f8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684，vs\u7cfb\u5217\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u518d\u540e\u2faf\u653e\u4e2a0x00000000\u6807\u8bb0，g++\u7cfb\u5217\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u653e) <\/span><\/p>\n

\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u7684？\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u2f00\u6837\u7684，\u7f16\u8bd1\u597d\u540e\u662f\u2f00\u6bb5\u6307\u4ee4，\u90fd\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u7684，\u53ea\u662f\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5730\u5740\u2f1c\u5b58\u5230\u4e86\u865a\u8868\u4e2d\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u7684？\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e25\u683c\u8bf4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848C++\u6807\u51c6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a，\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u4e0b\u2faf\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u2f50\u9a8c\u8bc1\u2f00\u4e0b\u3002vs\u4e0b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5(\u5e38\u91cf\u533a)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u2fa5Derive\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230func3\u51fd\u6570，\u8fd9\u4e2avs\u76d1\u89c6\u7a97\u2f1d\u770b\u4e0d\u5230，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5b58\u7a97\u2f1d\u67e5\u770b<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

class Base {
\npublic:
\nvirtual void func1() { cout << "Base::func1" << endl; }
\nvirtual void func2() { cout << "Base::func2" << endl; }
\nvoid func5() { cout << "Base::func5" << endl; }
\nprotected:
\nint a = 1;
\n};
\nclass Derive : public Base
\n{
\npublic:
\n\/\/ \u91cd\u5199\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684func1
\nvirtual void func1() { cout << "Derive::func1" << endl; }
\nvirtual void func3() { cout << "Derive::func1" << endl; }
\nvoid func4() { cout << "Derive::func4" << endl; }
\nprotected:
\nint b = 2;
\n};
\nint main()
\n{
\nBase b;
\nDerive d;
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nint i = 0;
\nstatic int j = 1;
\nint* p1 = new int;
\nconst char* p2 = "xxxxxxxx";
\nprintf("\u6808:%p\\\\n", &i);
\nprintf("\u9759\u6001\u533a:%p\\\\n", &j);
\nprintf("\u5806:%p\\\\n", p1);
\nprintf("\u5e38\u91cf\u533a:%p\\\\n", p2);
\nBase b;
\nDerive d;
\nBase* p3 = &b;
\nDerive* p4 = &d;
\nprintf("Person\u865a\u8868\u5730\u5740:%p\\\\n", *(int*)p3);
\nprintf("Student\u865a\u8868\u5730\u5740:%p\\\\n", *(int*)p4);
\nprintf("\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740:%p\\\\n", &Base::func1);
\nprintf("\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740:%p\\\\n", &Base::func5);
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u2f8f\u7ed3\u679c：
\n\u6808 : 010FF954
\n\u9759\u6001\u533a : 0071D000
\n\u5806 : 0126D740
\n\u5e38\u91cf\u533a : 0071ABA4
\nPerson\u865a\u8868\u5730\u5740 : 0071AB44
\nStudent\u865a\u8868\u5730\u5740 : 0071AB84
\n\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740 : 00711488
\n\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740 : 007114BF<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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