{"id":52187,"date":"2025-08-11T11:14:15","date_gmt":"2025-08-11T03:14:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/52187.html"},"modified":"2025-08-11T11:14:15","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T03:14:15","slug":"%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%a1%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%ef%bc%9ahttps%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e7%9a%84%e5%af%86%e7%a0%81%e5%ad%a6%e5%9f%ba%e7%9f%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/52187.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\uff1aHTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u57fa\u77f3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u5f15\u8a00&#xff1a;\u4eceHTTP\u5230HTTPS\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5347\u7ea7<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u660e\u6587\u4f20\u8f93&#xff0c;\u5b58\u5728\u4e09\u5927\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7a83\u542c&#xff08;\u5982\u516c\u5171Wi-Fi\u4e2d\u7684\u76d1\u542c&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7be1\u6539&#xff08;\u5982\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u4fee\u6539\u8f6c\u8d26\u91d1\u989d&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u8ba4\u901a\u4fe1\u5bf9\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u4f2a\u9020\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff08;\u5982\u9493\u9c7c\u7f51\u7ad9&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>HTTPS&#xff08;Hypertext 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\/>\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u89e3\u6790\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u771f\u5b9e\u6027&#xff08;\u8be6\u89c1\u201c\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u673a\u5236\u201d\u90e8\u5206&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u786e\u8ba4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8eab\u4efd\u540e&#xff0c;\u63d0\u53d6\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u516c\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528ECDHE&#xff08;\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebfDiffie-Hellman ephemeral&#xff09;&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u79c1\u94a5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5171\u4eab\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff0c;\u518d\u7ed3\u5408ClientRandom\u548cServerRandom\u751f\u6210\u9884\u4e3b\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff08;Pre-Master Secret&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528RSA&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u751f\u6210\u9884\u4e3b\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff0c;\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684RSA\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7528\u79c1\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u751f\u6210\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5206\u522b\u7528ClientRandom\u3001ServerRandom\u548c\u9884\u4e3b\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7PRF&#xff08;\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570&#xff09;\u751f\u6210\u4e3b\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff08;Master Secret&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u518d\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff08;\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6&#xff09; \u548cMAC\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff08;\u7528\u4e8e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6821\u9a8c&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6210&#xff1a;<br \/>\n\u53cc\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6210\u201d\u6d88\u606f&#xff08;\u7528\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\u7eed\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u7528\u6b64\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h5>\u5173\u952e\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027&#xff1a;\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6&#xff08;Forward Secrecy&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528ECDHE\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u516c\u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9&#xff0c;\u5373\u4f7f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79c1\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u5bc6\u5386\u53f2\u901a\u4fe1&#xff08;\u56e0\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u7531\u4e34\u65f6\u5bc6\u94a5\u751f\u6210&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>RSA\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6&#xff08;\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u4f9d\u8d56\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79c1\u94a5&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u73b0\u4ee3HTTPS\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9ECDHE\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. 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\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6821\u9a8c&#xff0c;\u5176\u539f\u7406\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7528MAC\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9\u201c\u660e\u6587&#043;\u968f\u673a\u6570\u201d\u8ba1\u7b97HMAC\u503c&#xff08;\u5982HMAC-SHA256&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06HMAC\u503c\u4e0e\u5bc6\u6587\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u9001&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684MAC\u5bc6\u94a5\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97HMAC&#xff0c;\u82e5\u4e0e\u6536\u5230\u7684HMAC\u4e00\u81f4&#xff0c;\u5219\u6570\u636e\u672a\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u5728GCM\u7b49\u8ba4\u8bc1\u52a0\u5bc6\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d&#xff0c;HMAC\u5df2\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff08;\u901a\u8fc7GMAC\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u673a\u5236&#xff1a;\u89e3\u51b3\u516c\u94a5\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n<p>\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bc1\u660e\u201c\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u201d&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f2a\u9020\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u516c\u94a5&#xff08;\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u7531CA&#xff08;Certificate Authority&#xff0c;\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784&#xff09; \u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u57df\u540d\u3001\u516c\u94a5&#xff08;\u7528\u4e8e\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>CA\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d&#xff08;\u7528CA\u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9\u8bc1\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u52a0\u5bc6&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709\u6548\u671f\u3001\u7528\u9014\u7b49\u5143\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/h5>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u540e&#xff0c;\u63d0\u53d6\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7b7e\u53d1CA\u201d\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u5982\u201cLet\u2019s Encrypt\u201d&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u627e\u672c\u5730\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u201c\u6839CA\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d&#xff08;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9884\u88c5&#xff0c;\u5982Verisign\u3001GlobalSign&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u82e5\u7b7e\u53d1CA\u662f\u6839CA&#xff0c;\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u6839CA\u516c\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u7b7e\u540d&#xff08;\u89e3\u5bc6\u7b7e\u540d\u5e76\u6bd4\u5bf9\u8bc1\u4e66\u54c8\u5e0c&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u82e5\u7b7e\u53d1CA\u662f\u4e2d\u95f4CA&#xff08;\u5982\u201cCloudflare\u201d&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5219\u5148\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e2d\u95f4CA\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u7b7e\u540d&#xff08;\u7528\u6839CA\u516c\u94a5&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u518d\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4CA\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u7b7e\u540d&#xff0c;\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u2192\u4e2d\u95f4CA\u8bc1\u4e66\u2192\u6839CA\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u94fe&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u82e5\u6240\u6709\u7b7e\u540d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u4e14\u8bc1\u4e66\u672a\u8fc7\u671f\u3001\u57df\u540d\u5339\u914d&#xff0c;\u5219\u786e\u8ba4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u516c\u94a5\u771f\u5b9e\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n<h5>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6839CA\u53ef\u4fe1&#xff1f;<\/h5>\n<p>\u6839CA\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u9884\u88c5\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5176\u79c1\u94a5\u7531CA\u4e25\u683c\u4fdd\u7ba1\u3002\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u4efb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5382\u5546&#xff08;\u5982\u5fae\u8f6f\u3001\u82f9\u679c&#xff09;\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5382\u5546&#xff08;\u5982Chrome\u3001Firefox&#xff09;\u5bf9\u6839CA\u7684\u5ba1\u6838&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u95f4\u63a5\u4fe1\u4efb\u6839CA\u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5b9e\u6218&#xff1a;\u7528Python\u9a8c\u8bc1HTTPS\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7528requests\u5e93\u6f14\u793aHTTPS\u901a\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7ssl\u6a21\u5757\u67e5\u770b\u8bc1\u4e66\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u76f4\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> requests<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> ssl<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> cryptography<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>x509 <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> load_pem_x509_certificate<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from<\/span> cryptography<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>hazmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>backends <span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> default_backend<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># 1. \u53d1\u8d77HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff08;\u81ea\u52a8\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\nresponse <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> requests<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;https:\/\/www.baidu.com&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;HTTPS\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801&#xff1a;<\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>response<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>status_code<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># 2. \u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><br \/>\ncontext <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> ssl<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>create_default_context<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with<\/span> context<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>wrap_socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> server_hostname<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;www.baidu.com&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as<\/span> sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>connect<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;www.baidu.com&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">443<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># \u83b7\u53d6\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe&#xff08;PEM\u683c\u5f0f&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n    cert_chain <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>getpeercert<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>binary_form<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token boolean\">True<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># \u89e3\u6790\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66<\/span><br \/>\n    cert <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> load_pem_x509_certificate<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>cert_chain<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> default_backend<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;\\\\n\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u516c\u94a5\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>cert<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>public_key<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_backend<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_key<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>curve<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>name <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;EC&#039;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> cert<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>signature_algorithm_oid<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_name <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;RSA&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u53d1\u8005&#xff1a;<\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>cert<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>issuer<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>rfc4514_string<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709\u6548\u671f&#xff1a;<\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>cert<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>not_valid_before<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\"> \u81f3 <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>cert<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>not_valid_after<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># 3. \u6f14\u793a\u7981\u7528\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u98ce\u9669&#xff08;\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u7528&#xff01;&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">try<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># \u7981\u7528\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u98ce\u9669<\/span><br \/>\n    response <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> requests<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;https:\/\/www.baidu.com&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> verify<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token boolean\">False<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n\u8b66\u544a&#xff1a;\u7981\u7528\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u540e&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ecd\u80fd\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669&#xff01;&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except<\/span> Exception <span class=\"token keyword\">as<\/span> e<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;\u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;<\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>e<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6b63\u5e38HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe&#xff0c;\u82e5\u8bc1\u4e66\u65e0\u6548&#xff08;\u5982\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d&#xff09;\u5219\u629b\u51faSSLError&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7981\u7528\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff08;verify&#061;False&#xff09;\u4f1a\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u53d7\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc1\u4e66\u89e3\u6790\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;RSA\u6216ECC&#xff09;\u3001\u7b7e\u53d1\u673a\u6784\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5370\u8bc1\u524d\u6587\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;HTTPS\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u4fdd\u969c\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h3>\n<p>HTTPS\u901a\u8fc7TLS\/SSL\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u5c06\u591a\u79cd\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u6709\u673a\u7ed3\u5408&#xff0c;\u5f62\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u673a\u5bc6\u6027&#xff1a;\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u7528ECDHE\/RSA\u534f\u5546\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u8bdd\u9636\u6bb5\u7528AES\u7b49\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5b8c\u6574\u6027&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7HMAC\u6216GCM\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u672a\u88ab\u7be1\u6539&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u771f\u5b9e\u6027&#xff1a;\u57fa\u4e8eCA\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8eab\u4efd&#xff0c;\u9632\u6b62\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3HTTPS\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u539f\u7406&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6392\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898&#xff08;\u5982\u8bc1\u4e66\u9519\u8bef&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u66f4\u80fd\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u6848&#xff0c;\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>RFC 8446&#xff1a;TLS 1.3\u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u8303<\/li>\n<li>\u300aHTTPS\u6743\u5a01\u6307\u5357\u300b&#xff08;Ivan Ristic&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>Mozilla 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