\u200b\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u200b<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u2022\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf \u2192 \u6570\u636e\u6bb5<\/li>\n
- \u2022\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf \u2192 \u6808<\/li>\n
- \u2022\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58 \u2192 \u5806（\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406）<\/li>\n
- \u2022\u5e38\u91cf \u2192 \u5e38\u91cf\u533a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- 2.\n
\u200bnew\/delete\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u2022\u200b\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\u200b：new int(10)\u00a0\u521d\u59cb\u5316；delete[]\u00a0\u91ca\u653e\u6570\u7ec4<\/li>\n
- \u2022\u200b\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u200b：\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\/\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570（new A\u00a0\u2192 \u6784\u9020；delete\u00a0\u2192 \u6790\u6784）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- 3.\n
\u200b\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u200b<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u2022new\u00a0=\u00a0operator new（\u5c01\u88c5malloc） + \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n
- \u2022delete\u00a0= \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 +\u00a0operator delete（\u5c01\u88c5free）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- 4.\n
\u200b**malloc\/free\u00a0vs\u00a0new\/delete**\u200b<\/p>\n
\n
\u200b\u533a\u522b\u70b9\u200b\u200b**malloc\/free**\u200b\u200b**new\/delete**\u200b<\/tr>\n \n\n \u200b\u6027\u8d28\u200b<\/td>\n C\u5e93\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n C++\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u200b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u200b<\/td>\n \u274c \u4e0d\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n \u2705 \u652f\u6301\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u200b\u6784\u9020\/\u6790\u6784\u200b<\/td>\n \u274c \u4e0d\u8c03\u7528<\/td>\n \u2705 \u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u200b\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u200b<\/td>\n \u274c \u9700\u5f3a\u8f6cvoid*<\/td>\n \u2705 \u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u200b\u5931\u8d25\u5904\u7406\u200b<\/td>\n \u8fd4\u56deNULL<\/td>\n \u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/li>\n \u200b\u6838\u5fc3\u200b：\u4f18\u5148\u7528new\/delete（\u5c24\u5176\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b），\u4e25\u683c\u5339\u914d\u4f7f\u7528（new[]\u914ddelete[]）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n
\n
\u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec3\u4e60<\/p>\n
1\u3001C++\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n
1.1 new\/delete\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
1.2 new\u548cdelete\u64cd\u4f5c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
2\u3001 operator new\u4e0eoperator delete\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
2.1 operator new\u4e0eoperator delete\u51fd\u6570（\u91cd\u70b9）<\/p>\n
3\u3001 new\u548cdelete\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n
3.1 \u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
3 .2 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
3.2.1 new\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n
3.2.2 delete\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n
3.2.3 new T[N]\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n
3.2.4 delete[]\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n
4\u3001 malloc\/free\u548cnew\/delete\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n
\n\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h3>\n
int globalVar = 1;
\nstatic int staticGlobalVar = 1;
\nvoid Test()
\n{
\nstatic int staticVar = 1;
\nint localVar = 1;
\nint num1[10] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
\nchar char2[] = "abcd";
\nconst char* pChar3 = "abcd";
\nint* ptr1 = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * 4);
\nint* ptr2 = (int*)calloc(4, sizeof(int));
\nint* ptr3 = (int*)realloc(ptr2, sizeof(int) * 4);
\nfree(ptr1);
\nfree(ptr3);
\n} <\/p>\nglobalVar\u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u9759\u6001\u533a<\/p>\n
staticGlobalVar\u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u9759\u6001\u533a<\/p>\n
staticVar\u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u9759\u6001\u533a<\/p>\n
localVar\u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6808<\/p>\n
num1 \u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u6808<\/p>\n
char2\u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6808<\/p>\n
*char2\u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6808<\/p>\n
pChar3\u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u6808<\/p>\n
*pChar3\u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5e38\u91cf\u533a<\/p>\n
ptr1\u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6808<\/p>\n
*ptr1\u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5806<\/p>\n
tips：\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u7eaf\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8003\u4f60，\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u6bd4\u5982pChar3\u5b58\u5728\u6808\u91cc\u9762\u51fa\u4e86\u6808\u5c31\u9500\u6bc1，\u4f46pChar3\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\u533a\u7684\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1，\u90a3\u4e48\u51fa\u4e86test\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4e2d\u6570\u636e，pChar3\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u4e86<\/p>\n
\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250811000931-689934bb072d5.png\")
<\/p>\n1\u3001C++\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n
C\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728C++\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528，\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b，\u800c\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ebb\u70e6，\u56e0 \u6b64C++\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f：\u901a\u8fc7new\u548cdelete\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1 new\/delete\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n
int main()
\n{
\n\/\/ \u52a8\u6001\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e2aint\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4
\nint* ptr4 = new int;
\n\/\/ \u52a8\u6001\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e2aint\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a10
\nint* ptr5 = new int(10);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u52a8\u6001\u7533\u8bf73\u4e2aint\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4
\nint* ptr6 = new int[3];
\nint* ptr7 = new int[3]{ 1,2,3 };
\nint* ptr8 = new int[5]{ 1,2,3 };<\/p>\ndelete ptr4;
\ndelete ptr5;
\ndelete[] ptr6;<\/p>\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n1.2 new\u548cdelete\u64cd\u4f5c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n
class A
\n{
\npublic:
\nA(int a = 1)
\n: _a(a)
\n{
\ncout << "A():" << this << endl;
\n}
\n~A()
\n{
\ncout << "~A():" << this << endl;
\n}
\nprivate:
\nint _a;
\n};<\/p>\nstruct ListNode
\n{
\nint _val;
\nListNode* _next;<\/p>\nListNode(int val)
\n:_val(val)
\n, _next(nullptr)
\n{}
\n};<\/p>\nint main()
\n{
\n\/\/ \u53ea\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4
\nA* p1 = (A*)malloc(sizeof(A));<\/p>\n\/\/ \u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4+\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
\nA* p2 = new A(1);
\nA* p3 = new A;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u53ea\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4
\nfree(p1);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 + \u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4
\ndelete p2;
\ndelete p3;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4 + 10\u6b21\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
\nA* p6 = new A[10];
\ndelete[] p6;<\/p>\nA aa1(1);
\nA aa2(2);
\n\/\/A* p7 = new A[10]{aa1, aa2};
\nA* p7 = new A[10]{ 1, 2 };\/\/\u9690\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362
\ndelete[] p7;<\/p>\nListNode* n1 = new ListNode(1);
\nListNode* n2 = new ListNode(2);
\nListNode* n3 = new ListNode(3);
\nListNode* n4 = new ListNode(4);
\nn1->_next = n2;
\nn2->_next = n3;
\nn3->_next = n4;<\/p>\nreturn 0;
\n} <\/p>\n2\u3001 operator new\u4e0eoperator delete\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n
2.1 operator new\u4e0eoperator delete\u51fd\u6570（\u91cd\u70b9）<\/h3>\n
new\u548cdelete\u662f\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26，operator new \u548coperator delete\u662f \u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570，new\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u8c03\u7528operator new\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4，delete\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u901a\u8fc7 operator delete\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\/*
\n operator new：\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u9645\u901a\u8fc7malloc\u6765\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5f53malloc\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de；\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4
\n\u5931\u8d25，\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6267\u884c\u7a7a
\n\u95f4\u4e0d\u8db3\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd，\u5982\u679c\u6539\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86，\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u7533\u8bf7，\u5426
\n*\/
\nvoid* __CRTDECL operator new(size_t size) _THROW1(_STD bad_alloc)
\n{
\n\/\/ try to allocate size bytes
\nvoid* p;
\nwhile ((p = malloc(size)) == 0)
\nif (_callnewh(size) == 0)
\n{
\n\/\/ report no memory
\n\/\/ \u5982\u679c\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u5931\u8d25\u4e86，\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u629b\u51fabad_alloc \u7c7b\u578b\u5f02\u5e38
\nstatic const std::bad_alloc nomem;
\n_RAISE(nomem);
\n}
\nreturn (p);
\n}<\/p>\n\/*
\n operator delete: \u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7free\u6765\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684
\n*\/
\nvoid operator delete(void* pUserData)
\n{
\n_CrtMemBlockHeader* pHead;
\nRTCCALLBACK(_RTC_Free_hook, (pUserData, 0));
\nif (pUserData == NULL)
\nreturn;
\n_mlock(_HEAP_LOCK); \/* block other threads *\/
\n__TRY
\n\/* get a pointer to memory block header *\/
\npHead = pHdr(pUserData);
\n\/* verify block type *\/
\n_ASSERTE(_BLOCK_TYPE_IS_VALID(pHead->nBlockUse));
\n_free_dbg(pUserData, pHead->nBlockUse);
\n__FINALLY
\n_munlock(_HEAP_LOCK); \/* release other threads *\/
\n__END_TRY_FINALLY
\nreturn;
\n}
\n\/*
\nfree\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0
\n*\/
\n#define free(p)_free_dbg(p, _NORMAL_BLOCK) <\/p>\n\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u77e5\u9053，operator new \u5b9e\u9645\u4e5f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7malloc\u6765\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5982\u679c malloc\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u6210\u529f\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de，\u5426\u5219\u6267\u884c\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u8db3\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd，\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be5\u63aa\u65bd \u5c31\u7ee7\u7eed\u7533\u8bf7，\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u629b\u5f02\u5e38\u3002operator delete \u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7free\u6765\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001 new\u548cdelete\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n
3.1 \u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4，new\u548cmalloc，delete\u548cfree\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u4f3c，\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f： new\/delete\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4，new[]\u548cdelete[]\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4，\u800c\u4e14new\u5728\u7533 \u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u4f1a\u629b\u5f02\u5e38，malloc\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56deNULL\u3002<\/p>\n
3 .2 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n
3.2.1 new\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n
- \u8c03\u7528operator new\u51fd\u6570\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n
- \u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570，\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u9020<\/li>\n
3.2.2 delete\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n
- \u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c<\/li>\n
- \u8c03\u7528operator delete\u51fd\u6570\u91ca\u653e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n
3.2.3 new T[N]\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n
- \u8c03\u7528operator new[]\u51fd\u6570，\u5728operator new[]\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u8c03\u7528operator new\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6210N\u4e2a\u5bf9 \u8c61\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7533\u8bf7<\/li>\n
- \u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u6267\u884cN\u6b21\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n
3.2.4 delete[]\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n
- \u5728\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u6267\u884cN\u6b21\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u5b8c\u6210N\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6e05\u7406<\/li>\n
- \u8c03\u7528operator delete[]\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5b9e\u9645\u5728operator delete[]\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528operator delete\u6765\u91ca \u653e\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n
4\u3001 malloc\/free\u548cnew\/delete\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h2>\n
malloc\/free\u548cnew\/delete\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u662f：\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5806\u4e0a\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730 \u65b9\u662f：<\/p>\n
- malloc\u548cfree\u662f\u51fd\u6570，new\u548cdelete\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/li>\n
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- malloc\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6，\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662fNULL，\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5224\u7a7a，new\u4e0d\u9700\u8981，\u4f46\u662fnew\u9700 \u8981\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38<\/li>\n
- \u7533\u8bf7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6，malloc\/free\u53ea\u4f1a\u5f00\u8f9f\u7a7a\u95f4，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u800cnew \u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u540e\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316，delete\u5728\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\u524d\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6210 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u91ca\u653e<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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