{"id":51273,"date":"2025-08-10T20:20:45","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T12:20:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/51273.html"},"modified":"2025-08-10T20:20:45","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T12:20:45","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e9%9d%92%e9%93%9c%e5%88%b0%e7%8e%8b%e8%80%85%ef%bc%9ajava%e5%b9%b6%e5%8f%91%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e5%85%a8%e6%94%bb%e7%95%a5%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/51273.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u9752\u94dc\u5230\u738b\u8005\uff1aJava\u5e76\u53d1\u95ee\u9898\u5168\u653b\u7565\uff08\u4e0b\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4ece\u9752\u94dc\u5230\u738b\u8005：Java\u5e76\u53d1\u95ee\u9898\u5168\u653b\u7565（\u4e0b）<\/h2>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n

5.1 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c01\u95ed：\u8ba9\u53d8\u91cf \u201c\u4e13\u5c5e\u201d \u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

\u5728 Java \u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c01\u95ed\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6253\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u5c0f\u623f\u95f4，\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4f7f\u7528，\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e00\u6982\u8fdb\u4e0d\u53bb，\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7ade\u4e89，\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5，\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u4f60\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d35\u91cd\u7269\u54c1\u90fd\u9501\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u623f\u95f4\u91cc，\u522b\u4eba\u60f3\u62ff\u4e5f\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230，\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7269\u54c1\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u635f\u574f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c01\u95ed\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5176\u4e2dThreadLocal\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002ThreadLocal\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86get\u548cset\u7b49\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a5\u53e3，\u5b83\u80fd\u4f7f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u503c\u4e0e\u4fdd\u5b58\u503c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765，\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4efd\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u526f\u672c\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7ThreadLocal\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u72ec\u6709\u7684，\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u50a8\u7269\u67dc，\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528，\u522b\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u67d3\u6307\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aThreadLocal\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b，\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528ThreadLocal\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c01\u95ed：<\/p>\n

public<\/span> class<\/span> ThreadLocalExample<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aThreadLocal\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
\n private<\/span> static<\/span> final ThreadLocal<<\/span>Integer><\/span> threadLocal =<\/span> ThreadLocal.<\/span>withInitial<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String[<\/span>]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n Thread thread1 =<\/span> new<\/span> Thread<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>int i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> 5<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6eThreadLocal\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c<\/span>
\n threadLocal.<\/span>set<\/span>(<\/span>threadLocal.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n System.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7ebf\u7a0b1\u4e2dThreadLocal\u7684\u503c\u4e3a："<\/span> +<\/span> threadLocal.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

Thread thread2 =<\/span> new<\/span> Thread<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>int i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6eThreadLocal\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c<\/span>
\n threadLocal.<\/span>set<\/span>(<\/span>threadLocal.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n System.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7ebf\u7a0b2\u4e2dThreadLocal\u7684\u503c\u4e3a："<\/span> +<\/span> threadLocal.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

thread1.<\/span>start<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n thread2.<\/span>start<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

try<\/span> {<\/span>
\n thread1.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n thread2.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span> catch<\/span> (<\/span>InterruptedException e)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n e.<\/span>printStackTrace<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span> finally<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u6e05\u7406ThreadLocal\u53d8\u91cf，\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/span>
\n threadLocal.<\/span>remove<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aThreadLocal\u53d8\u91cfthreadLocal，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7withInitial\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002\u7136\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0bthread1\u548cthread2，\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u90fd\u5bf9threadLocal\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230，\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9threadLocal\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

ThreadLocal\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb，\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5，\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u901a\u8fc7ThreadLocal，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5，\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fe1\u606f\u53ea\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173，\u4f7f\u7528ThreadLocal\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86ThreadLocal，\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6808\u5c01\u95ed\u3002\u6808\u5c01\u95ed\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b，\u5728\u6808\u5c01\u95ed\u4e2d，\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u5c01\u95ed\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6808\u4e2d，\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6808，\u6240\u4ee5\u6808\u5c01\u95ed\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8005\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4，\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf，\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6808\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4efd\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u526f\u672c，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u526f\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

public<\/span> class<\/span> StackConfinementExample<\/span> {<\/span>
\n public<\/span> void<\/span> doSomething<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf，\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6808\u5c01\u95ed<\/span>
\n int localVar =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>int i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n localVar++<\/span>;<\/span>
\n System.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>Thread.<\/span>currentThread<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>getName<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> " \u4e2dlocalVar\u7684\u503c\u4e3a："<\/span> +<\/span> localVar)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String[<\/span>]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n StackConfinementExample example =<\/span> new<\/span> StackConfinementExample<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n Thread thread1 =<\/span> new<\/span> Thread<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> example.<\/span>doSomething<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n Thread thread2 =<\/span> new<\/span> Thread<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span>><\/span> example.<\/span>doSomething<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

thread1.<\/span>start<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n thread2.<\/span>start<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，doSomething\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684localVar\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf，\u5b83\u88ab\u5c01\u95ed\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6808\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53thread1\u548cthread2\u540c\u65f6\u8c03\u7528doSomething\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6，\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684localVar\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd，\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c01\u95ed\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565，\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5185\u4f7f\u7528，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7ade\u4e89，\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f7f\u7528ThreadLocal\u8fd8\u662f\u6808\u5c01\u95ed，\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u548c\u9700\u6c42，\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c01\u95ed\u65b9\u5f0f，\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u66f4\u52a0\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

5.2 \u4e0d\u53d8\u6027：\u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n

\u5728 Java \u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u9886\u57df\u91cc，\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u5821\u5792，\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u62b5\u5fa1\u7740\u5e76\u53d1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4fb5\u88ad\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e00\u6837，\u4e00\u65e6\u521b\u5efa，\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u5929\u751f\u7684\u4f18\u52bf，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u7528\u62c5\u5fc3\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u610f\u5916\u4fee\u6539，\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u5c01\u7684\u5b9d\u7bb1，\u4e00\u65e6\u5c01\u4e0a，\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5b9d\u7269\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5916\u754c\u5e72\u6270，\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u6700\u521d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u3002\u9996\u5148，\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u58f0\u660e\u4e3afinal，\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u7ed9\u7c7b\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u628a\u9501，\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u5b83\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

public<\/span> final class<\/span> ImmutablePoint<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u7701\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21，\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u662ffinal\u7684，\u5e76\u4e14\u6700\u597d\u662fprivate\u7684，\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5916\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

public<\/span> final class<\/span> ImmutablePoint<\/span> {<\/span>
\n private<\/span> final int x;<\/span>
\n private<\/span> final int y;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> ImmutablePoint<\/span>(<\/span>int x,<\/span> int y)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n this<\/span>.<\/span>x =<\/span> x;<\/span>
\n this<\/span>.<\/span>y =<\/span> y;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7701\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u518d\u8005，\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709setter\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765，\u5916\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u542b\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6210\u5458，\u6bd4\u5982\u96c6\u5408\u6216\u6570\u7ec4，\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u590d\u5236，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5916\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

import<\/span> java.<\/span>util.<\/span>ArrayList;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>util.<\/span>Collections;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>util.<\/span>List;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> final class<\/span> ImmutableListExample<\/span> {<\/span>
\n private<\/span> final List<<\/span>String><\/span> list;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> ImmutableListExample<\/span>(<\/span>List<<\/span>String><\/span> list)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528Collections.unmodifiableList\u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u89c6\u56fe<\/span>
\n this<\/span>.<\/span>list =<\/span> Collections.<\/span>unmodifiableList<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> ArrayList<<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>list)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> List<<\/span>String><\/span> getList<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> list;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684ArrayList，\u5e76\u5c06\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5217\u8868\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4e2d，\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528Collections.unmodifiableList\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u8fd9\u6837，\u5373\u4f7f\u5916\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u4e86getList\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5217\u8868，\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539，\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86ImmutableListExample\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u9996\u5148，\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8，\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u63aa\u65bd，\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u706f\u5854，\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001，\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u3002\u5176\u6b21，\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u597d\u7684\u4e66，\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u6539\u53d8，\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u5730\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u793a\u4f8b，\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684Person\u7c7b：<\/p>\n

import<\/span> java.<\/span>util.<\/span>Objects;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> final class<\/span> ImmutablePerson<\/span> {<\/span>
\n private<\/span> final String name;<\/span>
\n private<\/span> final int age;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> ImmutablePerson<\/span>(<\/span>String name,<\/span> int age)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n this<\/span>.<\/span>name =<\/span> Objects.<\/span>requireNonNull<\/span>(<\/span>name,<\/span> "\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3anull"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n this<\/span>.<\/span>age =<\/span> age;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> String getName<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> name;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> int getAge<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> age;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

@Override
\n public<\/span> boolean<\/span> equals<\/span>(<\/span>Object o)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>this<\/span> ==<\/span> o)<\/span> return<\/span> true<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>o ==<\/span> null<\/span> ||<\/span> getClass<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> !=<\/span> o.<\/span>getClass<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> return<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>
\n ImmutablePerson that =<\/span> (<\/span>ImmutablePerson)<\/span> o;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> age ==<\/span> that.<\/span>age &&<\/span> Objects.<\/span>equals<\/span>(<\/span>name,<\/span> that.<\/span>name)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

@Override
\n public<\/span> int hashCode<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> Objects.<\/span>hash<\/span>(<\/span>name,<\/span> age)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，ImmutablePerson\u7c7b\u88ab\u58f0\u660e\u4e3afinal，\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u662ffinal\u548cprivate\u7684，\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9bsetter\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002equals\u548chashCode\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u88ab\u91cd\u5199，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u7b49\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684Person\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565，\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u6027，\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u5e76\u53d1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f18\u52bf，\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61，\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u52a0\u5065\u58ee\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/p>\n

5.3 \u5b89\u5168\u53d1\u5e03\u5bf9\u8c61：\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u6b63\u786e\u53d1\u5e03<\/h4>\n

\u5728 Java \u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a，\u5b89\u5168\u53d1\u5e03\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u6f14\u51fa，\u53ea\u6709\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u90fd\u51c6\u786e\u65e0\u8bef，\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6574\u4e2a\u6f14\u51fa\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u5e03\u4e0d\u5f53，\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u5c31\u50cf\u6f14\u51fa\u65f6\u9053\u5177\u6446\u653e\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u8005\u6f14\u5458\u51fa\u573a\u987a\u5e8f\u6df7\u4e71，\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u6f14\u53d8\u5f97\u4e00\u56e2\u7cdf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u5e03，\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4，\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u5f53\u524d\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5730\u65b9，\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u5f15\u7528，\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f，\u5728\u53d1\u5e03\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8c28\u614e，\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5f53\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u8c61\u9038\u51fa\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u9038\u51fa\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86，\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u6784\u9020\u597d\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u88ab\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86，\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f14\u5458\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5c31\u88ab\u63a8\u4e0a\u4e86\u821e\u53f0，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u610f\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982，\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u9038\u51fa\u7684\u60c5\u51b5：<\/p>\n

public<\/span> class<\/span> ThisEscape<\/span> {<\/span>
\n private<\/span> int thisCanBeEscape =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> ThisEscape<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n new<\/span> InnerClass<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

private<\/span> class<\/span> InnerClass<\/span> {<\/span>
\n public<\/span> InnerClass<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n System.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>ThisEscape.<\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>thisCanBeEscape)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String[<\/span>]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n new<\/span> ThisEscape<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，ThisEscape\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u7c7bInnerClass\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u800c\u5185\u90e8\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u5916\u90e8\u7c7bThisEscape\u7684this\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728ThisEscape\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u6784\u9020\u597d\u4e4b\u524d，this\u5f15\u7528\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u9038\u51fa\u4e86，\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684ThisEscape\u5bf9\u8c61，\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u53d1\u5e03，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u9759\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528，\u56e0\u4e3a\u9759\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5728\u7c7b\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u7684，\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

public<\/span> class<\/span> SafePublicationExample<\/span> {<\/span>
\n private<\/span> static<\/span> final SomeObject instance =<\/span> new<\/span> SomeObject<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7701\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230volatile\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u57df\u6216\u8005AtomicReference\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002volatile\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027，\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539\u4e86volatile\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c，\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u7acb\u5373\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fee\u6539\u3002AtomicReference\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c，\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5bf9\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

import<\/span> java.<\/span>util.<\/span>concurrent.<\/span>atomic.<\/span>AtomicReference;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> class<\/span> SafePublicationWithAtomicReference<\/span> {<\/span>
\n private<\/span> static<\/span> final AtomicReference<<\/span>SomeObject><\/span> reference =<\/span> new<\/span> AtomicReference<<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> publishObject<\/span>(<\/span>SomeObject object)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n reference.<\/span>set<\/span>(<\/span>object)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> static<\/span> SomeObject getObject<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> reference.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684final\u7c7b\u578b\u57df\u4e2d，\u6216\u8005\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u9501\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u57df\u4e2d\u3002\u4f7f\u7528final\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u57df\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fee\u6539，\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027；\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u57df\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b，\u5bf9\u8be5\u57df\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u53d1\u5e03\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5，\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u8c61\u9038\u51fa\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837，\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u5728 Java \u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a，\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u5065\u58ee\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c，\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u573a\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u6f14\u51fa，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u90fd\u5904\u7406\u5f97\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904，\u8d62\u5f97\u89c2\u4f17\u7684\u9635\u9635\u638c\u58f0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u6f14\u7ec3：\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u9645\u5e76\u53d1\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n

6.1 \u6848\u4f8b\u4e00：\u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u6263\u51cf<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u5e93\u5b58\u6263\u51cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u95ee\u9898\u573a\u666f\u3002\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b，\u5728\u4e00\u573a\u706b\u7206\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d，\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u540c\u65f6\u4e0b\u5355\u8d2d\u4e70\u540c\u4e00\u6b3e\u5546\u54c1，\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6263\u51cf\u8be5\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53，\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u8d85\u5356\u7684\u60c5\u51b5，\u5373\u5356\u51fa\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u5e93\u5b58，\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u707e\u96be，\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c，\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898，\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u6263\u51cf\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801，\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

public<\/span> class<\/span> Inventory<\/span> {<\/span>
\n private<\/span> int stock;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> Inventory<\/span>(<\/span>int initialStock)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n this<\/span>.<\/span>stock =<\/span> initialStock;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> boolean<\/span> deductStock<\/span>(<\/span>int amount)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>stock >=<\/span> amount)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n stock -=<\/span> amount;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> true<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n return<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b，\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8c03\u7528deductStock\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6，\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bd4\u5982，\u7ebf\u7a0b A \u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b B \u540c\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u5230\u5e93\u5b58\u8db3\u591f（\u5047\u8bbe\u521d\u59cb\u5e93\u5b58\u4e3a 10，\u8981\u6263\u51cf\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1），\u7136\u540e\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u6263\u51cf\u64cd\u4f5c，\u8fd9\u6837\u5e93\u5b58\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u6263\u51cf\u4e3a 8，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684 9，\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8d85\u5356\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\u548c\u60b2\u89c2\u9501\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\u65b9\u6848：\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u4fee\u6539\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81，\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u52a0\u9501，\u800c\u662f\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u3002\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c42\u9762，\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u7248\u672c\u53f7（version）\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5e93\u5b58\u8868\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2aversion\u5b57\u6bb5，\u7528\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5f53\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e93\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7684version\u503c\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6263\u51cf\u5e93\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6，\u53ea\u6709\u5f53version\u503c\u4e0e\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u7684\u503c\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6，\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5e76\u5c06version\u503c\u52a0 1\u3002\u5982\u679cversion\u503c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4，\u8bf4\u660e\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u540e\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7，\u90a3\u4e48\u672c\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25，\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e93\u5b58\u6263\u51cf\u7684 SQL \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

—<\/span> \u5047\u8bbe\u5e93\u5b58\u8868\u540d\u4e3ainventory，\u5546\u54c1ID<\/span>\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3aproduct_id，\u5e93\u5b58\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3astock，\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3aversion
\nUPDATE<\/span> inventory
\nSET<\/span> stock =<\/span> stock –<\/span>?<\/span>,<\/span> version =<\/span> version +<\/span> 1<\/span>
\nWHERE<\/span> product_id =<\/span>?<\/span> AND<\/span> stock >=<\/span>?<\/span> AND<\/span> version =<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728 Java \u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n

import<\/span> java.<\/span>sql.<\/span>Connection;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>sql.<\/span>DriverManager;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>sql.<\/span>PreparedStatement;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>sql.<\/span>ResultSet;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>sql.<\/span>SQLException;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> class<\/span> OptimisticInventory<\/span> {<\/span>
\n private<\/span> static<\/span> final String URL<\/span> =<\/span> "jdbc:mysql:\/\/localhost:3306\/yourdb"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n private<\/span> static<\/span> final String USER<\/span> =<\/span> "youruser"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n private<\/span> static<\/span> final String PASSWORD<\/span> =<\/span> "yourpassword"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> boolean<\/span> deductStock<\/span>(<\/span>int productId,<\/span> int amount)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n try<\/span> (<\/span>Connection conn =<\/span> DriverManager.<\/span>getConnection<\/span>(<\/span>URL<\/span>,<\/span> USER<\/span>,<\/span> PASSWORD<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u67e5\u8be2\u5e93\u5b58\u548c\u7248\u672c\u53f7<\/span>
\n String selectSql =<\/span> "SELECT stock, version FROM inventory WHERE product_id =?"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n try<\/span> (<\/span>PreparedStatement selectStmt =<\/span> conn.<\/span>prepareStatement<\/span>(<\/span>selectSql)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n selectStmt.<\/span>setInt<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> productId)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n try<\/span> (<\/span>ResultSet rs =<\/span> selectStmt.<\/span>executeQuery<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>rs.<\/span>next<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n int stock =<\/span> rs.<\/span>getInt<\/span>(<\/span>"stock"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n int version =<\/span> rs.<\/span>getInt<\/span>(<\/span>"version"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>stock <<\/span> amount)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u65b0\u5e93\u5b58<\/span>
\n String updateSql =<\/span> "UPDATE inventory SET stock = stock -?, version = version + 1 WHERE product_id =? AND stock >=? AND version =?"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n try<\/span> (<\/span>PreparedStatement updateStmt =<\/span> conn.<\/span>prepareStatement<\/span>(<\/span>updateSql)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n updateStmt.<\/span>setInt<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> amount)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n updateStmt.<\/span>setInt<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span> productId)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n updateStmt.<\/span>setInt<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span> amount)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n updateStmt.<\/span>setInt<\/span>(<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> version)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n int rowsAffected =<\/span> updateStmt.<\/span>executeUpdate<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> rowsAffected ><\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span> catch<\/span> (<\/span>SQLException e)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n e.<\/span>printStackTrace<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u51b2\u7a81\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u9ad8，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u90fd\u52a0\u9501，\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u9501\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4f46\u662f，\u5982\u679c\u5e76\u53d1\u51b2\u7a81\u9891\u7e41\u53d1\u751f，\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8bd5，\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60b2\u89c2\u9501\u65b9\u6848：\u60b2\u89c2\u9501\u5219\u79c9\u6301\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u6001\u5ea6，\u5b83\u5047\u8bbe\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81，\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u4f1a\u5148\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u9501，\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d，\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528SELECT… FOR UPDATE\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u60b2\u89c2\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u60b2\u89c2\u9501\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e93\u5b58\u6263\u51cf\u7684 SQL \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

—<\/span> \u5047\u8bbe\u5e93\u5b58\u8868\u540d\u4e3ainventory，\u5546\u54c1ID<\/span>\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3aproduct_id，\u5e93\u5b58\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3astock
\nBEGIN<\/span>;<\/span>
\nSELECT<\/span> stock FROM<\/span> inventory WHERE<\/span> product_id =<\/span>?<\/span> FOR<\/span> UPDATE<\/span>;<\/span>
\n—<\/span> \u68c0\u67e5\u5e93\u5b58\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f，\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6263\u51cf\u64cd\u4f5c
\nUPDATE<\/span> inventory SET<\/span> stock =<\/span> stock –<\/span>?<\/span> WHERE<\/span> product_id =<\/span>?<\/span> AND<\/span> stock >=<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>
\nCOMMIT<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728 Java \u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

import<\/span> java.<\/span>sql.<\/span>Connection;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>sql.<\/span>DriverManager;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>sql.<\/span>PreparedStatement;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>sql.<\/span>ResultSet;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>sql.<\/span>SQLException;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> class<\/span> PessimisticInventory<\/span> {<\/span>
\n private<\/span> static<\/span> final String URL<\/span> =<\/span> "jdbc:mysql:\/\/localhost:3306\/yourdb"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n private<\/span> static<\/span> final String USER<\/span> =<\/span> "youruser"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n private<\/span> static<\/span> final String PASSWORD<\/span> =<\/span> "yourpassword"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> boolean<\/span> deductStock<\/span>(<\/span>int productId,<\/span> int amount)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n try<\/span> (<\/span>Connection conn =<\/span> DriverManager.<\/span>getConnection<\/span>(<\/span>URL<\/span>,<\/span> USER<\/span>,<\/span> PASSWORD<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n conn.<\/span>setAutoCommit<\/span>(<\/span>false<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u67e5\u8be2\u5e93\u5b58\u5e76\u52a0\u9501<\/span>
\n String selectSql =<\/span> "SELECT stock FROM inventory WHERE product_id =? FOR UPDATE"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n try<\/span> (<\/span>PreparedStatement selectStmt =<\/span> conn.<\/span>prepareStatement<\/span>(<\/span>selectSql)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n selectStmt.<\/span>setInt<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> productId)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n try<\/span> (<\/span>ResultSet rs =<\/span> selectStmt.<\/span>executeQuery<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>rs.<\/span>next<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n conn.<\/span>rollback<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n int stock =<\/span> rs.<\/span>getInt<\/span>(<\/span>"stock"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>stock <<\/span> amount)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n conn.<\/span>rollback<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u6263\u51cf\u5e93\u5b58<\/span>
\n String updateSql =<\/span> "UPDATE inventory SET stock = stock -? WHERE product_id =? AND stock >=?"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n try<\/span> (<\/span>PreparedStatement updateStmt =<\/span> conn.<\/span>prepareStatement<\/span>(<\/span>updateSql)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n updateStmt.<\/span>setInt<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> amount)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n updateStmt.<\/span>setInt<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span> productId)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n updateStmt.<\/span>setInt<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span> amount)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n int rowsAffected =<\/span> updateStmt.<\/span>executeUpdate<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>rowsAffected ><\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n conn.<\/span>commit<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> true<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
\n conn.<\/span>rollback<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span> catch<\/span> (<\/span>SQLException e)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n e.<\/span>printStackTrace<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u60b2\u89c2\u9501\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u671f\u95f4，\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a，\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4f46\u662f，\u7531\u4e8e\u9501\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927，\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u9501\u7684\u91ca\u653e，\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e76\u53d1\u51b2\u7a81\u8f83\u5c11，\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u9009\u62e9；\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u6781\u9ad8，\u4e14\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u522b\u5927，\u60b2\u89c2\u9501\u5219\u66f4\u4e3a\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u5f53\u7136，\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u6280\u672f，\u5982\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u7b49，\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u5e93\u5b58\u6263\u51cf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

6.2 \u6848\u4f8b\u4e8c：\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u6c47\u603b<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6280\u672f，\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206，\u8ba9\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406，\u6700\u540e\u518d\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u6c47\u603b\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e76\u53d1\u95ee\u9898，\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1，\u8981\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5927，\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u8017\u8d39\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u5feb\u5904\u7406\u901f\u5ea6，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6309\u884c\u5206\u5272\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e，\u6700\u540e\u518d\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5408\u5e76\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b，\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u6c47\u603b：<\/p>\n

import<\/span> java.<\/span>io.<\/span>BufferedReader;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>io.<\/span>FileReader;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>io.<\/span>IOException;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>util.<\/span>HashMap;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>util.<\/span>Map;<\/span>
\nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>util.<\/span>concurrent.<\/span>*<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> class<\/span> WordCountExample<\/span> {<\/span>
\n public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String[<\/span>]<\/span> args)<\/span> throws IOException,<\/span> InterruptedException,<\/span> ExecutionException {<\/span>
\n String filePath =<\/span> "your_file_path.txt"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n int numThreads =<\/span> 4<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60<\/span>
\n ExecutorService executorService =<\/span> Executors.<\/span>newFixedThreadPool<\/span>(<\/span>numThreads)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/span>
\n List<<\/span>Future<<\/span>Map<<\/span>String,<\/span> Integer>>><\/span> futures =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6309\u884c\u5206\u5272，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/span>
\n try<\/span> (<\/span>BufferedReader reader =<\/span> new<\/span> BufferedReader<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> FileReader<\/span>(<\/span>filePath)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n String line;<\/span>
\n int lineCount =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n List<<\/span>String><\/span> linesForThread =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n while<\/span> (<\/span>(<\/span>line =<\/span> reader.<\/span>readLine<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> !=<\/span> null<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n linesForThread.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>line)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n lineCount++<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>lineCount %<\/span> numThreads ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u63d0\u4ea4\u4efb\u52a1\u7ed9\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60<\/span>
\n Future<<\/span>Map<<\/span>String,<\/span> Integer>><\/span> future =<\/span> executorService.<\/span>submit<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> WordCountTask<\/span>(<\/span>linesForThread)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n futures.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>future)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n linesForThread =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u884c<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>linesForThread.<\/span>isEmpty<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n Future<<\/span>Map<<\/span>String,<\/span> Integer>><\/span> future =<\/span> executorService.<\/span>submit<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> WordCountTask<\/span>(<\/span>linesForThread)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n futures.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>future)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60<\/span>
\n executorService.<\/span>shutdown<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6c47\u603b\u5404\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>
\n Map<<\/span>String,<\/span> Integer><\/span> totalCount =<\/span> new<\/span> HashMap<<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>Future<<\/span>Map<<\/span>String,<\/span> Integer>><\/span> future :<\/span> futures)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n Map<<\/span>String,<\/span> Integer><\/span> partialCount =<\/span> future.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>Map.<\/span>Entry<<\/span>String,<\/span> Integer><\/span> entry :<\/span> partialCount.<\/span>entrySet<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n String word =<\/span> entry.<\/span>getKey<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n int count =<\/span> entry.<\/span>getValue<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n totalCount.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>word,<\/span> totalCount.<\/span>getOrDefault<\/span>(<\/span>word,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> count)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>Map.<\/span>Entry<<\/span>String,<\/span> Integer><\/span> entry :<\/span> totalCount.<\/span>entrySet<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n System.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>entry.<\/span>getKey<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> ": "<\/span> +<\/span> entry.<\/span>getValue<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u7c7b，\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e<\/span>
\n static<\/span> class<\/span> WordCountTask<\/span> implements<\/span> Callable<<\/span>Map<<\/span>String,<\/span> Integer>><\/span><\/span> {<\/span>
\n private<\/span> final List<<\/span>String><\/span> lines;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> WordCountTask<\/span>(<\/span>List<<\/span>String><\/span> lines)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n this<\/span>.<\/span>lines =<\/span> lines;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

@Override
\n public<\/span> Map<<\/span>String,<\/span> Integer><\/span> call<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> throws Exception {<\/span>
\n Map<<\/span>String,<\/span> Integer><\/span> wordCount =<\/span> new<\/span> HashMap<<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>String line :<\/span> lines)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n String[<\/span>]<\/span> words =<\/span> line.<\/span>split<\/span>(<\/span>"\\\\\\\\W+"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>String word :<\/span> words)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>word.<\/span>isEmpty<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n wordCount.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>word,<\/span> wordCount.<\/span>getOrDefault<\/span>(<\/span>word,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n return<\/span> wordCount;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6309\u884c\u5206\u5272\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884cWordCountTask\u4efb\u52a1，\u8be5\u4efb\u52a1\u4f1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570，\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u7684Map\u3002\u6700\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7Future\u83b7\u53d6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c，\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6c47\u603b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u7684Map\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

6.3 \u6848\u4f8b\u4e09：\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u7531\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a，\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1，\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u4e0d\u540c\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90，\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u6027，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf（\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u7b49）\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9501\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u65f6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411\u5171\u4eab\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5982\u679c\u83b7\u53d6\u6210\u529f，\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u9501，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c；\u5982\u679c\u83b7\u53d6\u5931\u8d25，\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u6216\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e，\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u9501，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Redis \u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u4e3a\u4f8b，Redis \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5e93，\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4，\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Redis \u7684SETNX（SET if Not eXists）\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a0\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c，\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6，\u4e3a\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u503c，\u8fd4\u56de 1 \u8868\u793a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u529f，\u5373\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u4e86\u9501；\u8fd4\u56de 0 \u8868\u793a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5931\u8d25，\u5373\u9501\u5df2\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6301\u6709\u3002\u540c\u65f6，\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6b7b\u9501，\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u9501\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Redis \u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u7684 Java \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b，\u4f7f\u7528 Jedis \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef：<\/p>\n

import<\/span> redis.<\/span>clients.<\/span>jedis.<\/span>Jedis;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> class<\/span> RedisDistributedLock<\/span> {<\/span>
\n private<\/span> static<\/span> final String LOCK_KEY<\/span> =<\/span> "your_lock_key"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n private<\/span> static<\/span> final String LOCK_VALUE<\/span> =<\/span> "your_unique_value"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n private<\/span> static<\/span> final int EXPIRE_TIME<\/span> =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u9501\u7684\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4，\u5355\u4f4d\u79d2<\/span><\/p>\n

private<\/span> Jedis jedis;<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> RedisDistributedLock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n jedis =<\/span> new<\/span> Jedis<\/span>(<\/span>"localhost"<\/span>,<\/span> 6379<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8fde\u63a5Redis\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u9501<\/span>
\n public<\/span> boolean<\/span> acquireLock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n String result =<\/span> jedis.<\/span>set<\/span>(<\/span>LOCK_KEY<\/span>,<\/span> LOCK_VALUE<\/span>,<\/span> "NX"<\/span>,<\/span> "EX"<\/span>,<\/span> EXPIRE_TIME<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> "OK"<\/span>.<\/span>equals<\/span>(<\/span>result)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u9501<\/span>
\n public<\/span> void<\/span> releaseLock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n jedis.<\/span>del<\/span>(<\/span>LOCK_KEY<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String[<\/span>]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n RedisDistributedLock lock =<\/span> new<\/span> RedisDistributedLock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>lock.<\/span>acquireLock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n try<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u83b7\u5f97\u9501\u540e，\u6267\u884c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>
\n System.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u83b7\u5f97\u9501，\u6267\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c…"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u6a21\u62df\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91<\/span>
\n Thread.<\/span>sleep<\/span>(<\/span>5000<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span> catch<\/span> (<\/span>InterruptedException e)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n e.<\/span>printStackTrace<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span> finally<\/span> {<\/span>
\n lock.<\/span>releaseLock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n System.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u91ca\u653e\u9501"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
\n System.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u5931\u8d25"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，acquireLock\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528jedis.set\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u9501，NX\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u624d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u503c，EX\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u952e\u7684\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3aEXPIRE_TIME\u79d2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u529f，\u8fd4\u56deOK，\u8868\u793a\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u4e86\u9501；\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56denull，\u8868\u793a\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u5931\u8d25\u3002releaseLock\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u901a\u8fc7jedis.del\u547d\u4ee4\u5220\u9664\u9501\u952e，\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898，\u6bd4\u5982\u9501\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3001\u9501\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u5165\u6027\u3001\u9501\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9501\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u5165\u6027，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9501\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u6301\u6709\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6807\u8bc6，\u6bcf\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f；\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u9501\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Redis \u96c6\u7fa4\u6216\u8005 RedLock \u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5，\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u4e0e\u76d1\u63a7<\/h3>\n

7.1 \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7<\/h4>\n

\u5728 Java \u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u7ed9\u8d5b\u8f66\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u88c5，\u8ba9\u5b83\u5728\u8d5b\u9053\u4e0a\u8dd1\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u66f4\u7a33\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7，\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u80fd\u50cf\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8d5b\u8f66\u4e00\u6837，\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u8d5b\u9053\u4e0a\u98de\u9a70\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u7ade\u4e89<\/h5>\n

\u9501\u7ade\u4e89\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u8d5b\u9053\u4e0a\u7684\u62e5\u5835，\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u7ade\u4e89，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n