{"id":51271,"date":"2025-08-10T20:20:42","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T12:20:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/51271.html"},"modified":"2025-08-10T20:20:42","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T12:20:42","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%ae%97%e6%b3%95%e3%80%91%e5%9b%be%e7%9a%84-%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e4%bc%98%e5%85%88%e6%90%9c%e7%b4%a2%ef%bc%88dfs%ef%bc%89%e4%b8%8e-%e5%b9%bf%e5%ba%a6%e4%bc%98%e5%85%88%e6%90%9c%e7%b4%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/51271.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7b97\u6cd5\u3011\u56fe\u7684 \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff08DFS\uff09\u4e0e \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff08BFS\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u7b97\u6cd5\u3011\u56fe\u7684 \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22（DFS）\u4e0e \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22（BFS）<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u56fe\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6309\u4e00\u4e9b\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u56fe，\u4f8b\u5982\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84，\u6216\u8005\u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u8054\u901a，\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

1. \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22（DFS）<\/h3>\n

\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22（Depth-First Search，DFS），\u7b80\u79f0\u6df1\u641c，\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb，\u5411\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u8054\u901a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9\u51fa\u53d1，\u518d\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1，\u9664\u4e86\u539f\u6765\u90a3\u4e2a\u70b9，\u7ee7\u7eed\u53bb\u627e\u70b9，\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u7684\u70b9\u4e86，\u5c31\u9000\u56de\u53bb，\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u518d\u6765\u627e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9，\u518d\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u53d1，\u8fd4\u56de，\u51fa\u53d1，\u8fd4\u56de\u2026\u2026\u6700\u7ec8\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u4ee5\u540e，\u5c31\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e86<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u62bd\u8c61，\u6240\u4ee5\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f1a\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fe\u7247\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u793a<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4ece \u8282\u70b9 11<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5f00\u59cb，\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9，\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u7684 DFS \u5e8f
\nDFS \u5e8f：\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22，\u641c\u7d22\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/font>
\n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
\n\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 11<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5f00\u59cb，\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8f\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8282\u70b9 22<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> （\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ee5\u904d\u5386\u8282\u70b9 22<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5f00\u59cb，\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8282\u70b9 44<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u6216\u8282\u70b9 55<\/span><\/span>5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>，\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u987a\u5e8f，\u6240\u4ee5\u7b54\u6848\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00，\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u9762\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u8282\u70b9\u7f16\u53f7\u9009\u62e9）
\n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
\n\u968f\u540e\u904d\u5386\u5230\u8282\u70b9 22<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u540e，\u53c8\u53bb\u627e\u4e0e\u5b83\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u70b9，\u867d\u7136\u8282\u70b9 11<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c\u5b83\u76f8\u8fde，\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u88ab\u904d\u5386\u8fc7，\u6240\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9 33<\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u53f7
\n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
\n\u7136\u540e，\u7ee7\u7eed\u627e 44<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c 55<\/span><\/span>5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>，\u6700\u7ec8，\u5f97\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f：1\u21922\u21923\u21924\u219251 \\\\rightarrow 2 \\\\rightarrow 3 \\\\rightarrow 4 \\\\rightarrow 5<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span>\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span>\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span>\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span>\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u770b DFS \u5e8f，\u800c\u662f DFS \u904d\u5386，\u5728 55<\/span><\/span>5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u53f7\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u540e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u904d\u5386\u5b8c，\u56de\u6eaf\u5230 44<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>，\u770b\u8fd8\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u8def\u5f84，\u6ca1\u6709\u53c8\u56de\u6eaf\u5230 33<\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> ，\u56de\u6eaf\u5230 22<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>，22<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8fd8\u8fde\u7740 44<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>，\u56e0\u6b64\u53c8\u4ece 44<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5f80\u505a\u8d70，\u8d70\u5230\u4e86 33<\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>，\u7136\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u8def\u8d70\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u8def\u5c31\u662f 1\u21922\u21924\u219231\\\\rightarrow2\\\\rightarrow4\\\\rightarrow3<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span>\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span>\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span>\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>，\u56de\u6eaf\u5230 44<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>，\u53c8\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u8def<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u8bdd\u4f1a\u904d\u5386\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n

1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5
\n1 -> 2 -> 4 -> 3
\n1 -> 2 -> 4 -> 5
\n1 -> 4 -> 2 -> 3
\n1 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2
\n1 -> 4 -> 5
\n1 -> 5 -> 4 -> 2 -> 3
\n1 -> 5 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\u56e0\u4e3a\u6309\u7167\u7f16\u53f7，\u6240\u4ee5\u987a\u5e8f\u62e5\u6709\u5b57\u5178\u5e8f<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u53c8\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u5199\u5462？<\/p>\n

\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5，\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u67d0\u8282\u70b9\u8fdb\u5165，\u53c8\u4ece\u67d0\u8282\u70b9\u56de\u6eaf，\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e2d\u6267\u884c，\u8fd9\u662f\u6808\u7684\u7ed3\u6784，\u4e00\u63d0\u5230\u6808，\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u96be\u60f3\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u64cd\u4f5c，\u6bcf\u56de\u53ea\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9，\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u540e\u53bb\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5148\u8f93\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57 nn<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u3001mm<\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c kk<\/span><\/span>k<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> ，\u8868\u793a\u70b9\u6570（\u8282\u70b9\u7f16\u53f7\u4ece 11<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5230 nn<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>）\u3001\u8fb9\u6570\u4e0e\u8d77\u70b9，\u968f\u540e\u8f93\u5165 mm<\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u884c，\u6bcf\u884c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57 uu<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c vv<\/span><\/span>v<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>，\u8868\u793a uu<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u548c vv<\/span><\/span>v<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u65e0\u5411\u8fb9\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84，\u4e2d\u95f4\u7528 -> \u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765<\/p>\n

1\u2264n,m\u226410001\\\\leq n, m \\\\leq 1000<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span>\u2264<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>n<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>\u2264<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>1000<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
\n1\u2264u,v\u2264n1 \\\\leq u, v \\\\leq n<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span>\u2264<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>u<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>v<\/span><\/span>\u2264<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u90a3\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u606f（\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 11<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5f00\u59cb）<\/p>\n

5 7 1
\n1 2
\n1 4
\n1 5
\n2 3
\n2 4
\n3 4
\n4 5<\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <bits\/stdc++.h><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

using<\/span> namespace<\/span> std;<\/span><\/p>\n

vector<<\/span>int<\/span>><\/span> G[<\/span>1005<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u90bb\u63a5\u8868<\/span>
\nbool<\/span> Vis[<\/span>1005<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u662f\u5426\u904d\u5386\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9，\u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d\u904d\u5386<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> Dfs<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> cur,<\/span> string pth)<\/span> {<\/span>
\nbool<\/span> flag =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u662f\u5426\u663e\u793a\u8def\u5f84（\u662f\u5426\u904d\u5386\u5230\u5934\u4e86）<\/span><\/p>\n

for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i :<\/span> G[<\/span>cur]<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/\/ \u904d\u5386\u4e0e\u5b83\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u70b9<\/span>
\nif<\/span> (<\/span>Vis[<\/span>i]<\/span>)<\/span> continue<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d\u904d\u5386<\/span>
\nflag =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53d6\u6d88\u6807\u8bb0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vis[<\/span>i]<\/span> =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6807\u8bb0\u904d\u5386<\/span>
\nDfs<\/span>(<\/span>i,<\/span> pth +<\/span> " -> "<\/span> +<\/span> to_string<\/span>(<\/span>i)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u9012\u5f52\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386<\/span>
\nVis[<\/span>i]<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53d6\u6d88\u6807\u8bb0（\u8fd9\u662f\u6613\u9519\u70b9）<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

if<\/span> (<\/span>flag)<\/span> cout <<<\/span> pth <<<\/span> '\\\\n'<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u8def\u5f84<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> main<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u8f93\u5165<\/span>
\nint<\/span> n,<\/span> m,<\/span> k,<\/span> u,<\/span> v;<\/span>
\ncin >><\/span> n >><\/span> m >><\/span> k;<\/span>
\nwhile<\/span> (<\/span>m—<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\ncin >><\/span> u >><\/span> v;<\/span>
\nG[<\/span>u]<\/span>.<\/span>push_back<\/span>(<\/span>v)<\/span>;<\/span>
\nG[<\/span>v]<\/span>.<\/span>push_back<\/span>(<\/span>u)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> i <=<\/span> n;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> sort<\/span>(<\/span>G[<\/span>i]<\/span>.<\/span>begin<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> G[<\/span>i]<\/span>.<\/span>end<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u6392\u5217\u6709\u5b57\u5178\u5e8f<\/span>
\nVis[<\/span>k]<\/span> =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6807\u8bb0\u5f00\u5934（\u8fd9\u662f\u6613\u9519\u70b9）<\/span><\/p>\n

Dfs<\/span>(<\/span>k,<\/span> to_string<\/span>(<\/span>k)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5f00\u59cb\u6df1\u641c<\/span><\/p>\n

return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22（BFS）<\/h3>\n

\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u6216\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22（BFS，Breadth-First Search），\u7b80\u79f0\u5e7f\u641c\u6216\u5bbd\u641c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb，\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5411\u5916\u9762\u5c42\u5c42\u6269\u6563，\u4e00\u5c42，\u4e8c\u5c42，\u4e09\u5c42\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u6837，\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u627e\u5230\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84，\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u56fe\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe（\u9ed1\u8272\u662f\u969c\u788d，\u84dd\u8272\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20，\u7ea2\u8272\u662f\u904d\u5386\u8fc7\u7684，\u7eff\u8272\u662f\u8d77\u70b9，\u7c89\u8272\u662f\u7ec8\u70b9）<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u961f\u5217，\u91cc\u9762\u521d\u59cb\u653e\u7740\u8d77\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u961f\u5217\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5b83\u4e0d\u65ad\u627e\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u8282\u70b9，\u968f\u540e\u8282\u70b9\u6d88\u5931，\u4ece\u6269\u6563\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d70\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u8ba9\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u6563，\u627e\u5230\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n

DFS \u53ef\u4ee5\u9012\u5f52\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808，\u4f46 BFS \u53ea\u80fd\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c，\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u5206\u5c42\u6269\u6563，\u6240\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7684\u8def\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a n\u00d7nn \\\\times n<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>\u00d7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7684\u8ff7\u5bab，\u8ff7\u5bab\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b58\u5728\u969c\u788d\u7269，11<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u969c\u788d\u7269，00<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u5730\u3002\u5df2\u77e5\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5904\u4e8e\u8ff7\u5bab\u7684 (a,b)(a,b)<\/span><\/span>(<\/span>a<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>b<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4f4d\u7f6e，\u8ff7\u5bab\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u5728 (c,d)(c,d)<\/span><\/span>(<\/span>c<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>d<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4f4d\u7f6e，\u95ee\u4e1c\u4e1c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8ff7\u5bab\u4e2d\u8d70\u51fa\u53bb，\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5，\u8f93\u51fa\u6700\u5c11\u79fb\u52a8\u6b65\u6570，\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5，\u8f93\u51fa \u22121-1<\/span><\/span>\u2212<\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570 n(1\u2264n\u2264100)n(1 \\\\le n \\\\le 100)<\/span><\/span>n<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span><\/span>\u2264<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>\u2264<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>，\u8868\u793a\u8ff7\u5bab\u7684\u5927\u5c0f
\n\u540e\u9762 nn<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u884c\u6bcf\u884c nn<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ff7\u5bab，11<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u969c\u788d\u7269，00<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u5730
\n\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c 44<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570 a,b,c,da,b,c,d<\/span><\/span>a<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>b<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>c<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u4e1c\u4e1c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u8ff7\u5bab\u7684\u51fa\u53e3，\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u7a7a\u5730
\n\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d70\u51fa\u8ff7\u5bab，\u8f93\u51fa\u6700\u5c11\u6b65\u6570，\u5426\u5219\u8f93\u51fa \u22121-1<\/span><\/span>\u2212<\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f93\u5165：<\/p>\n

4
\n0 0 0 0
\n1 1 0 1
\n0 0 0 1
\n0 0 1 0
\n1 1 3 3<\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa：<\/p>\n

4<\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <bits\/stdc++.h><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

using<\/span> namespace<\/span> std;<\/span><\/p>\n

struct<\/span> Pos<\/span> {<\/span> \/\/ \u4f4d\u7f6e\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/span>
\nint<\/span> x,<\/span> y,<\/span> t;<\/span> \/\/ t \u662f\u4ece (sx,sy) \u5230 (x,y) \u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u56db\u8054\u901a\u6570\u7ec4<\/span>
\nconst<\/span> int<\/span> dx[<\/span>4<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
\nconst<\/span> int<\/span> dy[<\/span>4<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> n;<\/span>
\nint<\/span> sx,<\/span> sy,<\/span> ex,<\/span> ey;<\/span>
\nint<\/span> x,<\/span> y,<\/span> t,<\/span> tx,<\/span> ty;<\/span><\/p>\n

bool<\/span> A[<\/span>120<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>120<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8ff7\u5bab<\/span>
\nqueue<<\/span>Pos><\/span> Q;<\/span> \/\/ \u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u961f\u5217<\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> bfs<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\nQ.<\/span>push<\/span>(<\/span>{<\/span>sx,<\/span> sy,<\/span> 0<\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\nA[<\/span>sx]<\/span>[<\/span>sy]<\/span> =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
\nwhile<\/span> (<\/span>Q.<\/span>size<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n\/\/ \u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84<\/span>
\nx =<\/span> Q.<\/span>front<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>x;<\/span>
\ny =<\/span> Q.<\/span>front<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>y;<\/span>
\nt =<\/span> Q.<\/span>front<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>t;<\/span><\/p>\n

if<\/span> (<\/span>x ==<\/span> ex &&<\/span> y ==<\/span> ey)<\/span> return<\/span> t;<\/span> \/\/ \u5230\u8fbe\u7ec8\u70b9（\u7edd\u5bf9\u6700\u77ed\u8def）<\/span>
\nQ.<\/span>pop<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6ce8\u610f\u5220\u9664\u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d\u8c03\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> 4<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/\/ \u56db\u8054\u901a<\/span>
\n\/\/ \u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u54ea\u91cc<\/span>
\ntx =<\/span> x +<\/span> dx[<\/span>i]<\/span>;<\/span>
\nty =<\/span> y +<\/span> dy[<\/span>i]<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

if<\/span> (<\/span>tx >=<\/span> 1<\/span> &&<\/span> tx <=<\/span> n &&<\/span> ty >=<\/span> 1<\/span> &&<\/span> ty <=<\/span> n &&<\/span> !<\/span>A[<\/span>tx]<\/span>[<\/span>ty]<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/\/ \u9632\u6b62\u8d70\u51fa\u5934\u4e86<\/span>
\nA[<\/span>tx]<\/span>[<\/span>ty]<\/span> =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u627e\u6700\u77ed\u8def，\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8ff7\u5bab\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u8d70\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u56de\u5934\u4e86，\u8def\u88ab\u5835\u4f4f\u4e86<\/span>
\nQ.<\/span>push<\/span>(<\/span>{<\/span>tx,<\/span> ty,<\/span> t +<\/span> 1<\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5411\u5916\u62d3\u5c55<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\nreturn<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8def\u5f84<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> main<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n\/\/ \u8f93\u5165<\/span>
\ncin >><\/span> n;<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> i <=<\/span> n;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> j =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> j <=<\/span> n;<\/span> j++<\/span>)<\/span>
\ncin >><\/span> A[<\/span>i]<\/span>[<\/span>j]<\/span>;<\/span>
\ncin >><\/span> sx >><\/span> sy >><\/span> ex >><\/span> ey;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa<\/span>
\ncout <<<\/span> bfs<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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