{"id":51266,"date":"2025-08-10T20:09:27","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T12:09:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/51266.html"},"modified":"2025-08-10T20:09:27","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T12:09:27","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%97%a0%e6%a0%87%e9%a2%98%e3%80%91%e6%b6%88%e6%81%af%e9%98%9f%e5%88%97%ef%bc%88message-queue%ef%bc%89%e6%98%af%e4%b8%80%e7%a7%8d%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e9%97%b4%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%a1%ef%bc%88ipc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/51266.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u65e0\u6807\u9898\u3011\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\uff08Message Queue\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd**\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\uff08IPC\uff09\u673a\u5236"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217（Message Queue）\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1（IPC）\u673a\u5236，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e0e\u7ba1\u9053（\u547d\u540d\/\u533f\u540d）\u76f8\u6bd4，\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u5177\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6d88\u606f\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7b49\u7279\u70b9，\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027<\/h4>\n
  • \n

    \u6d88\u606f\u7ed3\u6784\u5316
    \n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u6807\u8bc6（\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6574\u6570）\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9，\u63a5\u6536\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u6d88\u606f，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1
    \n\u53d1\u9001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u540e\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u63a5\u6536\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7acb\u5373\u5904\u7406，\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c；\u63a5\u6536\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u8bfb\u53d6\u6d88\u606f，\u4e24\u8005\u65e0\u9700\u540c\u6b65\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u6d88\u606f\u6301\u4e45\u5316
    \n\u6d88\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5373\u4f7f\u53d1\u9001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa，\u6d88\u606f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u961f\u5217\u4e2d，\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u63a5\u6536\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u624b\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ea4\u4e92
    \n\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6d88\u606f（\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u578b\u7b5b\u9009\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u3001\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u901a\u4fe1）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    \u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u7684\u4f7f\u7528（System V \u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217，Linux \u4e3a\u4f8b）<\/h4>\n

    System V \u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0，\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • msgget()：\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u83b7\u53d6\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217<\/li>\n
    • msgsnd()：\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u5230\u961f\u5217<\/li>\n
    • msgrcv()：\u4ece\u961f\u5217\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f<\/li>\n
    • msgctl()：\u63a7\u5236\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217（\u5982\u5220\u9664\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u72b6\u6001）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      1. \u6d88\u606f\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h5>\n

      \u6d88\u606f\u9700\u8981\u6309\u56fa\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49，\u5305\u542b\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6570\u636e：<\/p>\n

      #<\/span>include<\/span> <sys\/msg.h><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u6d88\u606f\u7ed3\u6784（\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 long \u7c7b\u578b\u7684 mtype \u5f00\u5934）<\/span>
      \nstruct<\/span> msgbuf<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n long<\/span> mtype;<\/span> \/\/ \u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b（>0）<\/span>
      \n char<\/span> mtext[<\/span>1024<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6d88\u606f\u6570\u636e（\u53ef\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u7c7b\u578b）<\/span>
      \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      2. \u521b\u5efa\/\u83b7\u53d6\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217（msgget）<\/h5>\n

      \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u6216\u83b7\u53d6\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217，\u8fd4\u56de\u961f\u5217 ID<\/span>
      \nint<\/span> msgid =<\/span> msgget<\/span>(<\/span>key_t<\/span> key,<\/span> int<\/span> flags)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • key：\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u7684\u952e\u503c（\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 ftok() \u751f\u6210\u552f\u4e00\u952e）<\/li>\n
      • flags：\u521b\u5efa\u6743\u9650\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6807\u5fd7（\u5982 IPC_CREAT | 0666 \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u961f\u5217，\u6743\u9650\u4e3a 666）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        3. \u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f（msgsnd）<\/h5>\n

        \/\/ \u5411\u961f\u5217\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f，\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de 0，\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de -1<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> msgsnd<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> msgid,<\/span> const<\/span> void<\/span> *<\/span>msgp,<\/span> size_t<\/span> msgsz,<\/span> int<\/span> msgflg)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • msgid：\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217 ID<\/li>\n
        • msgp：\u6307\u5411\u6d88\u606f\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6307\u9488<\/li>\n
        • msgsz：\u6d88\u606f\u6570\u636e\u90e8\u5206（mtext）\u7684\u957f\u5ea6<\/li>\n
        • msgflg：\u53d1\u9001\u6807\u5fd7（0 \u8868\u793a\u963b\u585e，IPC_NOWAIT \u8868\u793a\u975e\u963b\u585e）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          4. \u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f（msgrcv）<\/h5>\n

          \/\/ \u4ece\u961f\u5217\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f，\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570，\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de -1<\/span>
          \nssize_t<\/span> msgrcv<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> msgid,<\/span> void<\/span> *<\/span>msgp,<\/span> size_t<\/span> msgsz,<\/span> long<\/span> msgtyp,<\/span> int<\/span> msgflg)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • msgtyp：\u6307\u5b9a\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b（0 \u63a5\u6536\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b，>0 \u63a5\u6536\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b，<0 \u63a5\u6536\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u5176\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b）<\/li>\n
          • \u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u540c msgsnd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            5. \u63a7\u5236\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217（msgctl）<\/h5>\n

            \/\/ \u63a7\u5236\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217（\u5982\u5220\u9664），\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de 0，\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de -1<\/span>
            \nint<\/span> msgctl<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> msgid,<\/span> int<\/span> cmd,<\/span> struct<\/span> msqid_ds<\/span> *<\/span>buf)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            • cmd：\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4（IPC_RMID \u8868\u793a\u5220\u9664\u961f\u5217）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n

              \u53d1\u9001\u8fdb\u7a0b（sender.c）<\/h5>\n

              #<\/span>include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span><\/span>
              \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <stdlib.h><\/span><\/span>
              \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <string.h><\/span><\/span>
              \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <sys\/msg.h><\/span><\/span>
              \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <sys\/ipc.h><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              struct<\/span> msgbuf<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n long<\/span> mtype;<\/span>
              \n char<\/span> mtext[<\/span>1024<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n \/\/ \u751f\u6210\u552f\u4e00\u952e（\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u9879\u76eeID\u9700\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u81f4）<\/span>
              \n key_t<\/span> key =<\/span> ftok<\/span>(<\/span>"\/tmp"<\/span>,<\/span> 'A'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>key ==<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n perror<\/span>(<\/span>"ftok failed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u6216\u83b7\u53d6\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217<\/span>
              \n int<\/span> msgid =<\/span> msgget<\/span>(<\/span>key,<\/span> IPC_CREAT |<\/span> 0666<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>msgid ==<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n perror<\/span>(<\/span>"msgget failed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u51c6\u5907\u6d88\u606f（\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a 1，\u6570\u636e\u4e3a "Hello, receiver!"）<\/span>
              \n struct<\/span> msgbuf<\/span> msg;<\/span>
              \n msg.<\/span>mtype =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n strcpy<\/span>(<\/span>msg.<\/span>mtext,<\/span> "Hello, receiver!"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f<\/span>
              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>msgsnd<\/span>(<\/span>msgid,<\/span> &<\/span>msg,<\/span> strlen<\/span>(<\/span>msg.<\/span>mtext)<\/span> +<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> ==<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n perror<\/span>(<\/span>"msgsnd failed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f: %s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> msg.<\/span>mtext)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u63a5\u6536\u8fdb\u7a0b（receiver.c）<\/h5>\n

              #<\/span>include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span><\/span>
              \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <stdlib.h><\/span><\/span>
              \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <sys\/msg.h><\/span><\/span>
              \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <sys\/ipc.h><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              struct<\/span> msgbuf<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n long<\/span> mtype;<\/span>
              \n char<\/span> mtext[<\/span>1024<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n \/\/ \u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u53d1\u9001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u952e<\/span>
              \n key_t<\/span> key =<\/span> ftok<\/span>(<\/span>"\/tmp"<\/span>,<\/span> 'A'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>key ==<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n perror<\/span>(<\/span>"ftok failed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217（\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa，\u53ea\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684）<\/span>
              \n int<\/span> msgid =<\/span> msgget<\/span>(<\/span>key,<\/span> 0666<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>msgid ==<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n perror<\/span>(<\/span>"msgget failed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f（\u53ea\u63a5\u6536\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u6d88\u606f）<\/span>
              \n struct<\/span> msgbuf<\/span> msg;<\/span>
              \n ssize_t<\/span> n =<\/span> msgrcv<\/span>(<\/span>msgid,<\/span> &<\/span>msg,<\/span> sizeof<\/span>(<\/span>msg.<\/span>mtext)<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>n ==<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n perror<\/span>(<\/span>"msgrcv failed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f: %s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> msg.<\/span>mtext)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u63a5\u6536\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u5220\u9664\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217（\u53ef\u9009）<\/span>
              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>msgctl<\/span>(<\/span>msgid,<\/span> IPC_RMID,<\/span> NULL<\/span>)<\/span> ==<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n perror<\/span>(<\/span>"msgctl failed"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

              return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

            • \u5148\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u63a5\u6536\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u6d88\u606f）\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u518d\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u53d1\u9001\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u540e，\u63a5\u6536\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u961f\u5217）\u3002<\/li>\n

              \u5173\u952e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h4>\n
            • \n

              \u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528
              \n\u63a5\u6536\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 msgtyp \u7b5b\u9009\u6d88\u606f，\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u6309\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5904\u7406（\u9ad8\u7c7b\u578b\u6d88\u606f\u4f18\u5148）<\/li>\n
              • \u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9a\u5411\u901a\u4fe1（\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n

                \u6d88\u606f\u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236
                \n\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5355\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u9650\u5236（\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 msgmax \u914d\u7f6e），\u8d85\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53d1\u9001\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236
                \n\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u7684\u603b\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u4e5f\u6709\u9650\u5236（msgmnb），\u6ee1\u961f\u5217\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u963b\u585e（\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e
                \n\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u9500\u6bc1，\u9700\u901a\u8fc7 msgctl(…, IPC_RMID, …) \u624b\u52a8\u5220\u9664，\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u6b8b\u7559\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                \u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n
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