{"id":51242,"date":"2025-08-10T19:39:38","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T11:39:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/51242.html"},"modified":"2025-08-10T19:39:38","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T11:39:38","slug":"%e5%b5%8c%e5%85%a5%e5%bc%8f%e8%bd%af%e4%bb%b6%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%e5%b7%a5%e7%a8%8b%e5%b8%88%e9%9d%a2%e8%af%95%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/51242.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u9762\u8bd5\u95ee\u9898---1"},"content":{"rendered":"
1.C++ override\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/h6>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5728\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86override\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u8f7d\u5176\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570，\u5426\u5219\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u91cc\u9762\u662f\u50cf\u91cd\u8f7d\u865a\u51fd\u6570 \u5c31\u52a0\u4e0a\u5173\u952e\u5b57override \u8fd9\u6837\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f85\u52a9\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u91cd\u8f7d，\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b57 \u4e5f\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e25\u91cd\u7684error \u53ea\u662f\u5c11\u4e86\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2.\u5185\u6838\u5b89\u5168<\/h6>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3.mallow\u548cnew\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h6>\n

\u2460\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n

new\/delete\u662fC++\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u3002malloc\/free\u662f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570，\u9700\u8981\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2461\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528new\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u65f6\u65e0\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u7684\u5927\u5c0f，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u81ea\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u800cmalloc\u5219\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u6240\u9700\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2462\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

new\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u6210\u529f\u65f6，\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u9488，\u7c7b\u578b\u4e25\u683c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5339\u914d，\u65e0\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362，\u6545new\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u800cmalloc\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662f\u8fd4\u56devoid * ，\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u5c06void*\u6307\u9488\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2463\u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n

new\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25\u65f6，\u4f1a\u629b\u51fabac_alloc\u5f02\u5e38\u3002malloc\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u8fd4\u56deNULL\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2464\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

new\u4f1a\u5148\u8c03\u7528operator new\u51fd\u6570，\u7533\u8bf7\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5185\u5b58（\u901a\u5e38\u5e95\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528malloc\u5b9e\u73b0）\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8c03\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570，\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf，\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u9488\u3002delete\u5148\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u7136\u540e\u8c03\u7528operator delete\u51fd\u6570\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58（\u901a\u5e38\u5e95\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528free\u5b9e\u73b0）\u3002<\/p>\n

malloc\/free\u662f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570，\u53ea\u80fd\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58，\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u505a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u548c\u6790\u6784\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2465\u91cd\u8f7d<\/p>\n

C++\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u8f7dnew\/delete\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26，\u7279\u522b\u7684，\u5e03\u5c40new\u7684\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58，\u800c\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u8d77\u59cb\u533a\u57df，new\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c，\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6b64\u5730\u5740\u3002\u800cmalloc\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2466\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df<\/p>\n

new\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u533a（free store）\u4e0a\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4，\u800cmalloc\u51fd\u6570\u4ece\u5806\u4e0a\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u662fC++\u57fa\u4e8enew\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5，\u51e1\u662f\u901a\u8fc7new\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u7533\u8bf7，\u8be5\u5185\u5b58\u5373\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u3002\u800c\u5806\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u672f\u8bed，\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u7279\u6b8a\u5185\u5b58，\u7528\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d，C\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528malloc\u4ece\u5806\u4e0a\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58，\u4f7f\u7528free\u91ca\u653e\u5df2\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5806，\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0，\u5e03\u5c40new\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5806\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

malloc \u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570 brk（），\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u6307\u9488 _enddata(\u6b64\u65f6\u7684 _enddata \u6307\u7684\u662f Linux \u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5806\u6bb5\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u5730\u5740，\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u5730\u5740)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

malloc\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u539f\u56e0： \u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4，malloc \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f C \u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d，\u800c malloc \u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u884c\u4e3a，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c01\u88c5\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.vector\u6269\u5bb9<\/h6>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u63d2\u5165\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e，\u4f46\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u4e5f\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f，\u5728\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u65f6\u5019（size = capacity），\u4f1a\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u5757\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5b58，\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d77\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a0，GCC \u662f 2 \u500d\u6269\u5bb9，\u5373\u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u6309\u7167 1 2 4 8 16 \u4e8c\u500d\u6269\u5bb9，VS13 \u662f 1.5 \u500d\u6269\u5bb9\u3002\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5b58，\u9700\u8981\u628a\u65e7\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u62f7\u8d1d\u8fdb\u65b0\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u53bb，\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u5728\u65b0\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u540e\u9762\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u6784\u9020\u65b0\u5143\u7d20，\u5e76\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u65e7\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5e76\u4e14，\u7531\u4e8e vector \u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e，\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e7 vector \u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u90fd\u5931\u6548\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

5.\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93<\/h6>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93（Dynamic Link Library，\u7b80\u79f0 DLL \u6216 .so \u6587\u4ef6）\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236，\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u8d44\u6e90，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u526f\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u4eab\u673a\u5236\u80fd\u591f\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58，\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

6.\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u865a\u51fd\u6570<\/h6>\n

\u5728C++\u4e2d，\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u57fa\u7c7b\u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u7528\u00a0\u6307\u5411\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6，\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u8c03\u7528\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4，\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6709\u865a\u51fd\u6570，\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u662f\u865a\u51fd\u6570，\u5f53\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6，\u53ea\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e，\u8fdb\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

7.vector\u548carray\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h6>\n

\u90fd\u80fd\u7528\u4e0b\u6807\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90fd\u662f\u987a\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668，\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c：<\/span><\/p>\n

vector\u65e0\u9700\u6307\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f，\u53ea\u9700\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b，e.g. vector<int> a\u3002<\/p>\n

array\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5927\u5c0f，e.g. array<int, 3> a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c：<\/span><\/p>\n

vector\u9700\u8981\u5360\u636e\u6bd4array\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6548\u7387\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c：<\/span><\/p>\n

vector\u6548\u7387\u504f\u4f4e，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u5411vector\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u591f，\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7533\u8bf7\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4，\u7531\u4e8evector\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684，\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u7533\u8bf7\u66f4\u591a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u53ef\u80fd\u6574\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8，\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u539f\u6765\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c：<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u7528\u4e0b\u6807\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u65f6，vector \u4f7f\u7528 vector::size_type \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0b\u6807\u7684\u7c7b\u578b，\u800c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0b\u6807\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7c7b\u578b\u5219\u662f size_t；<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

swap\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c：<\/span><\/p>\n

vector\u662f\u5c06\u5f15\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6362，\u6548\u7387\u9ad8，\u5176\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u6307\u5411\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5bb9\u5668（\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5374\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u503c），\u4f46\u662fend\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u4ea4\u6362，\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6ce8\u610f\u522b\u7528end\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fed\u4ee3\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

array\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u503c\u7684\u4ea4\u6362，\u6548\u7387\u4f4e，\u4e14\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u4ecd\u6307\u5411\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

8.\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u533a\u522b？<\/h6>\n

\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\u662f.lib\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6，\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u754c\u9762\u52a0\u5165\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u4f1a\u628alib\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u76f4\u63a5\u94fe\u63a5\u8fdb\u76ee\u6807\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d，\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u4ee3\u7801\u5927\u5c0f，\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6，\u4e0d\u80fd\u624b\u52a8\u79fb\u9664lib\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u53ef\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e93，\u5b83\u662f\u5305\u542b\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6a21\u5757，\u683c\u5f0f.dll\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757，\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u79fb\u9664，\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\u548c\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5171\u4eab，\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u662f\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93lib\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u88ab\u5305\u542bexe\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d，\u8be5lib\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5305\u542b\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u6216\u8005\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u5e93\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93dll\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684exe\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5378\u8f7d\u201d，\u4e00\u4e2adll\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\u6216\u8005\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

9.\u5de6\u503c\u548c\u53f3\u503c<\/h6>\n

\u5de6\u503c（lvalue）\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5bf9\u8c61，\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8d4b\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u6216\u53f3\u8fb9，\u53f3\u503c（rvalue）\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61，\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8d4b\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u3002\u5de6\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5730\u5740，\u53f3\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

10.NULL\u548cnullptr\u7684\u533a\u522b？<\/h6>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u7279\u6027<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

NULL<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

nullptr<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5b8f，\u901a\u5e38\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a 0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a std::nullptr_t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6574\u6570\u5e38\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5426，\u4f1a\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u6570<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u662f，\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

C \u548c\u65e7\u7248 C++ \u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

C++11 \u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b67\u4e49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b67\u4e49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3C++\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f7f\u7528 nullptr \u800c\u4e0d\u662f NULL，\u56e0\u4e3a nullptr \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u6027，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u7531 NULL \u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u95ee\u9898，\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3：NULL \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u5e38\u91cf，\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168，\u800c nullptr \u662fC++11\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168，\u5efa\u8bae\u5728C++\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 nullptr\u3002<\/p>\n

nullptr \u662f C++11 \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u6307\u9488，\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u6307\u9488\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

11.\u00a0\u539f\u5b50\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6b7b\u9501\u5417？<\/h6>\n

\u539f\u5b50\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7\u786c\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u9501\u540c\u6b65，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6b7b\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u5b50\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b，\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u6267\u884c\u3002C++\u4e2d\u7684std::atomic\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168，\u800c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u6027，\u5373\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5，\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u786e\u4fdd\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684，\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u6267\u884c，\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7ba1\u7406\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90，\u907f\u514d\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

12.\u624b\u6495\u4ee3\u7801：\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5faa\u73af\u6253\u5370123<\/h6>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <pthread.h><\/p>\n

#define LOOP_COUNT 5 \/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570<\/p>\n

pthread_mutex_t mutex;
\npthread_cond_t cond;
\nint current_num = 1;<\/p>\n

void* print_num(void* arg) {
\n int num = *(int*)arg;<\/p>\n

for (int i = 0; i < LOOP_COUNT; i++) {
\n pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); \/\/ \u52a0\u9501<\/p>\n

while (current_num != num) {
\n pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex); \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf
\n }<\/p>\n

printf("%d ", num); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u5b57<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u5b57
\n current_num = current_num % 3 + 1;
\n pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond); \/\/ \u5e7f\u64ad\u5524\u9192\u6240\u6709\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n

pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); \/\/ \u89e3\u9501
\n }<\/p>\n

return NULL;
\n}<\/p>\n

int main() {
\n pthread_t tid1, tid2, tid3;
\n pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL); \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e92\u65a5\u9501
\n pthread_cond_init(&cond, NULL); \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n

int num1 = 1, num2 = 2, num3 = 3;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n pthread_create(&tid1, NULL, print_num, &num1);
\n pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, print_num, &num2);
\n pthread_create(&tid3, NULL, print_num, &num3);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f
\n pthread_join(tid1, NULL);
\n pthread_join(tid2, NULL);
\n pthread_join(tid3, NULL);<\/p>\n

pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex); \/\/ \u9500\u6bc1\u4e92\u65a5\u9501
\n pthread_cond_destroy(&cond); \/\/ \u9500\u6bc1\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

13.\u4ea4\u53c9\u94fe\u8868<\/h6>\n<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h><\/p>\n

struct ListNode {
\n int val;
\n struct ListNode *next;
\n};<\/p>\n

struct ListNode *getsamenode(struct ListNode *headA, struct ListNode *headB) {
\n if (headA == NULL || headB == NULL) return NULL;<\/p>\n

struct ListNode *PA = headA, *PB = headB;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u4e0d\u65ad\u79fb\u52a8，\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u7b49\u6216\u90fd\u4e3aNULL
\n while (PA != PB) {
\n PA = (PA == NULL) ? headB : PA->next;
\n PB = (PB == NULL) ? headA : PB->next;
\n }
\n return PA; \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u76f8\u4ea4\u7684\u7ed3\u70b9，\u6216NULL\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u76f8\u4ea4
\n}<\/p>\n

struct ListNode *create(int val) {
\n struct ListNode *newnode = (struct ListNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
\n newnode->val = val;
\n newnode->next = NULL;
\n return newnode;
\n}<\/p>\n

int main() {
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868
\n struct ListNode *headA = create(1);
\n headA->next = create(2);
\n headA->next->next = create(3);
\n headA->next->next->next = create(4);
\n headA->next->next->next->next = create(5);<\/p>\n

struct ListNode *headB = create(9);
\n headB->next = create(8);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6a21\u62df\u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u4ea4，\u4eceheadB\u7684\u7ed3\u70b98\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0eheadA\u7684\u7ed3\u70b93\u76f8\u4ea4
\n headB->next->next = headA->next->next; \/\/ \u8ba9\u4e24\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u5728\u8282\u70b93\u76f8\u4ea4<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6253\u5370\u4e24\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868
\n struct ListNode *current = headA;
\n while (current != NULL) {
\n printf("ListA: %d\\\\n", current->val);
\n current = current->next;
\n }<\/p>\n

struct ListNode *current2 = headB;
\n while (current2 != NULL) {
\n printf("ListB: %d\\\\n", current2->val);
\n current2 = current2->next;
\n }<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u67e5\u627e\u76f8\u4ea4\u7684\u8282\u70b9
\n struct ListNode *interaction = getsamenode(headA, headB);
\n if (interaction != NULL)
\n printf("Intersecting Node: %d\\\\n", interaction->val);
\n else
\n printf("No intersection\\\\n");<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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