{"id":50975,"date":"2025-08-10T15:29:15","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T07:29:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50975.html"},"modified":"2025-08-10T15:29:15","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T07:29:15","slug":"%e7%89%b9%e6%ae%8a%e5%ad%97%e7%ac%a6-%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e7%af%87%ef%bc%9a%e8%be%93%e5%87%ba%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%e4%b8%8e%e5%85%b3%e9%94%ae%e7%8a%b6%e6%80%81%e8%af%8a%e6%96%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50975.html","title":{"rendered":"[\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26] \u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\uff1a\u8f93\u51fa\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u72b6\u6001\u8bca\u65ad"},"content":{"rendered":"

🚨 \u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7：\u8f93\u51fa\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u72b6\u6001\u8bca\u65ad<\/h3>\n

\u6807\u9898：\u300a\u8bfb\u61c2 Netstat \u8f93\u51fa：TCP \u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u6392\u67e5\u6307\u5357\u300b<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u5b57\u6bb5\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n

Netstat \u8f93\u51fa\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u201c\u4f53\u68c0\u62a5\u544a\u201d，\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6bb5\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n\n\u5b57\u6bb5\u793a\u4f8b\u503c\u6280\u672f\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto<\/td>\ntcp\/udp<\/td>\n\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b（TCP\/UDP\/RAW）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Local Address<\/td>\n0.0.0.0:80<\/td>\n\u672c\u5730\u76d1\u542c\u5730\u5740：0.0.0.0=\u76d1\u542c\u6240\u6709IP，127.0.0.1:3306=\u4ec5\u9650\u672c\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Foreign Address<\/td>\n192.168.1.100:443<\/td>\n\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u5730\u5740：*:*=\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5（\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
State<\/td>\nESTABLISHED<\/td>\nTCP \u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001（\u6838\u5fc3\u8bca\u65ad\u6307\u6807！）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PID\/Program<\/td>\n881\/nginx<\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0（Linux\u9700-p，Windows\u9700-o）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u26a0\ufe0f \u6613\u9519\u70b9：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Local Address \u4e2d\u7684 :::80 = IPv6 \u76d1\u542c（\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8eIPv4\u7684 0.0.0.0:80）<\/li>\n
  • Foreign Address \u7684 0.0.0.0:* = \u7b49\u5f85\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5（LISTEN\u72b6\u6001）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001TCP \u72b6\u6001\u673a\u8be6\u89e3：\u4ece\u63e1\u624b\u5230\u6325\u624b<\/h4>\n

    \u56fe\u89e3 TCP \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f：<\/p>\n

    \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u7aef
    \nSYN_SENT \u2192 SYN_RECV \u2192 ESTABLISHED
    \nFIN_WAIT1 \u2192 CLOSE_WAIT \u2192 LAST_ACK \u2192 TIME_WAIT <\/p>\n

    1. \u6b63\u5e38\u72b6\u6001\u89e3\u8bfb<\/h5>\n\n\u72b6\u6001\u89e6\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u662f\u5426\u9700\u5173\u6ce8<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
    LISTEN<\/td>\n\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7b49\u5f85\u8fde\u63a5（\u5065\u5eb7\u6807\u5fd7）<\/td>\n\u2705 \u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ESTABLISHED<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d（\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8fde\u63a5）<\/td>\n\u2705 \u6838\u5fc3\u76d1\u63a7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    TIME_WAIT<\/td>\n\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u65b9\u7b49\u5f852MSL（\u7ea660\u79d2）<\/td>\n\u26a0\ufe0f \u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u63a7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    📊 TIME_WAIT \u4f18\u5316：<\/p>\n

    # \u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u91cf <\/span>
    \nnetstat<\/span> -ant |<\/span> grep<\/span> TIME_WAIT |<\/span> wc<\/span> -l <\/p>\n

    # \u5185\u6838\u8c03\u4f18（Linux） <\/span>
    \nsysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=<\/span>1<\/span> # \u590d\u7528TIME_WAIT\u8fde\u63a5 <\/span>
    \nsysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets=<\/span>20000<\/span> # \u589e\u5927\u4e0a\u9650 <\/span><\/p>\n

    2. \u5f02\u5e38\u72b6\u6001\u8bca\u65ad<\/h5>\n\n\u72b6\u6001\u98ce\u9669\u7b49\u7ea7\u539f\u56e0\u5206\u6790\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
    SYN_RECV \u5806\u79ef<\/td>\n🔴 \u9ad8\u5371<\/td>\nSYN Flood \u653b\u51fb<\/td>\n\u542f\u7528 syncookies，\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CLOSE_WAIT \u8fc7\u591a<\/td>\n🟠 \u4e2d\u5371<\/td>\n\u5e94\u7528\u672a\u8c03\u7528 close()<\/td>\n\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee3\u7801\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u903b\u8f91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    FIN_WAIT2 \u6ede\u7559<\/td>\n🟡 \u4f4e\u5371<\/td>\n\u5bf9\u7aef\u672a\u53d1\u9001FIN<\/td>\n\u8c03\u6574 tcp_fin_timeout<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u5b9e\u6218\u6392\u67e5\u6848\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

    # \u68c0\u67e5SYN_RECV\u6570\u91cf（\u653b\u51fb\u7279\u5f81） <\/span>
    \nnetstat<\/span> -ant |<\/span> grep<\/span> SYN_RECV |<\/span> wc<\/span> -l <\/p>\n

    # \u5b9a\u4f4dCLOSE_WAIT\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b（Linux） <\/span>
    \nnetstat<\/span> -anp |<\/span> grep<\/span> CLOSE_WAIT |<\/span> awk<\/span> '{print $7<\/span>}'<\/span> |<\/span> cut<\/span> -d\/ -f1 |<\/span> sort<\/span> |<\/span> uniq<\/span> -c
    \n# \u8f93\u51fa：12 889\/java \u2192 Java\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b58\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6cc4\u6f0f！ <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e09\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1：\u4ece\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u73b0\u5165\u4fb5\u75d5\u8ff9<\/h4>\n

    1. \u6076\u610f\u8fde\u63a5\u68c0\u6d4b<\/h5>\n

    # \u68c0\u6d4b\u975e\u5e38\u89c1\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u76d1\u542c（\u5982\u6316\u77ff\u7aef\u53e3） <\/span>
    \nnetstat<\/span> -tulnp |<\/span> grep<\/span> -E ':6666|:4444|:23333'<\/span> <\/p>\n

    # \u626b\u63cf\u5f02\u5e38\u5916\u8054IP（\u4f8b：\u8fde\u63a5\u4fc4\u7f57\u65afIP） <\/span>
    \nnetstat<\/span> -anp |<\/span> grep<\/span> ESTABLISHED |<\/span> awk<\/span> '{print $5<\/span>}'<\/span> |<\/span> grep<\/span> -E '91.123.*|194.87.*'<\/span> <\/p>\n

    2. \u540e\u95e8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h5>\n

    # \u67e5\u627e\u9690\u85cf\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u65e0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u7684LISTEN\u7aef\u53e3） <\/span>
    \nnetstat<\/span> -tulnp |<\/span> grep<\/span> LISTEN |<\/span> grep<\/span> "-$"<\/span>
    \n# \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b： <\/span>
    \ntcp 0<\/span> 0<\/span> 0.0<\/span>.0.0:31337 0.0<\/span>.0.0:* LISTEN –
    \n\u2192 **\u53ef\u7591！** \u9700\u7528 `<\/span>lsof<\/span> -i :31337`<\/span><\/span> \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6392\u67e5 <\/p>\n

    \n

    \u56db\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u5206\u6790：\u534f\u8bae\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b9e\u6218<\/h4>\n

    netstat -s \u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6307\u6807：<\/p>\n

    TCP:
    \n 1024 active connections openings # \u6d3b\u8dc3\u8fde\u63a5\u6570
    \n 32 failed connection attempts # \u5931\u8d25\u8fde\u63a5
    \n 8 segments retransmitted \u2192 **\u91cd\u4f20\u7387 = 8\/1024\u22480.78%**（>1%\u9700\u9884\u8b66）
    \n 0 resets sent # \u8fde\u63a5\u91cd\u7f6e <\/p>\n

    UDP:
    \n 128 packets received
    \n 2 packet receive errors \u2192 **\u9519\u8bef\u7387=1.56%**（>0.5%\u9700\u68c0\u67e5） <\/p>\n

    \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u76d1\u63a7\u811a\u672c：<\/p>\n

    # \u8ba1\u7b97TCP\u91cd\u4f20\u7387（Linux） <\/span>
    \nretrans<\/span>=<\/span>$(<\/span>netstat<\/span> -s |<\/span> grep<\/span> "segments retransmitted"<\/span> |<\/span> awk<\/span> '{print $1<\/span>}'<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>
    \ntotal<\/span>=<\/span>$(<\/span>netstat<\/span> -s |<\/span> grep<\/span> "segments sent"<\/span> |<\/span> awk<\/span> '{print $1<\/span>}'<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>
    \necho<\/span> "TCP\u91cd\u4f20\u7387: $(<\/span>echo<\/span> "scale=2; $retrans<\/span>\/$total<\/span>*100"<\/span> |<\/span> bc<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>%"<\/span> <\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e94\u3001\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u5dee\u5f02\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n

    1. Windows \u7279\u6b8a\u903b\u8f91<\/h5>\n
      \n
    • TIME_WAIT \u663e\u793a\u4e3a TIME_WAIT<\/li>\n
    • \u65e0 CLOSE_WAIT \u72b6\u6001 \u2192 \u6539\u7528 netstat -ano | findstr "CLOSING"<\/li>\n
    • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u9700\u7ed3\u5408 tasklist：<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      netstat –<\/span>ano |<\/span> findstr :80
      \ntasklist |<\/span> findstr <PID> # \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645PID <\/span><\/p>\n

      2. macOS \u7b80\u5316\u5904\u7406<\/h5>\n
        \n
      • \u65e0 -p \u53c2\u6570 \u2192 \u7528 lsof \u66ff\u4ee3：<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        # \u67e5\u770b80\u7aef\u53e3\u8fdb\u7a0b <\/span>
        \nlsof<\/span> -i :80 -P -n <\/p>\n

        \n

        \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3：TCP \u72b6\u6001\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/h4>\n\n\u72b6\u6001\u5065\u5eb7\u5efa\u8bae\u6545\u969c\u54cd\u5e94\u52a8\u4f5c<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        LISTEN<\/td>\n\u5173\u952e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53e3\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n\u7f3a\u5931 \u2192 \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ESTABLISHED<\/td>\n\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u91cf\u7a81\u589e（\u9632DDoS）<\/td>\n\u7a81\u589e \u2192 \u5c01\u7981\u5f02\u5e38IP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        SYN_RECV<\/td>\n\u6570\u91cf\u5e94\u63a5\u8fd10<\/td>\n>10 \u2192 \u68c0\u67e5SYN Flood\u653b\u51fb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        CLOSE_WAIT<\/td>\n\u5355\u8fdb\u7a0b<10<\/td>\n\u5806\u79ef \u2192 \u91cd\u542f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u4fee\u590d\u4ee3\u7801<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        TIME_WAIT<\/td>\n\u603b\u91cf<1000（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u5168）<\/td>\n\u8fc7\u591a \u2192 \u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        🔧 \u7ec8\u6781\u8bca\u65ad\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

        # Linux \u5168\u7ef4\u5ea6\u68c0\u67e5（\u8fde\u63a5+\u8fdb\u7a0b+\u7edf\u8ba1） <\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> netstat<\/span> -anpt;<\/span> netstat<\/span> -s |<\/span> grep<\/span> -E "retrans|SYNs"<\/span> <\/p>\n

        \n

        \u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u9884\u544a：
        \n🔥 \u300aNetstat \u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357：\u4ece\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u5230\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u300b<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u624b\u6495\u7aef\u53e3\u5360\u7528\u51b2\u7a81：Apache vs Nginx \u768480\u7aef\u53e3\u4e89\u593a\u6218<\/li>\n
        • \u9632\u706b\u5899\u9690\u8eab\u672f：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 netstat \u80fd\u770b\u5230\u7aef\u53e3\u4f46\u5916\u90e8\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee？<\/li>\n
        • \u767e\u4e07\u8fde\u63a5\u76d1\u63a7：\u7528 ss + netstat \u534f\u540c\u5206\u6790\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u67b6\u6784\u74f6\u9888！<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u7acb\u5373\u884c\u52a8：
          \n\u6267\u884c netstat -ant | awk '\/^tcp\/ {print $6}' | sort | uniq -c，\u5206\u4eab\u4f60\u7684TCP\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u56fe！<\/p>\n

          at \u80fd\u770b\u5230\u7aef\u53e3\u4f46\u5916\u90e8\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee？<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u767e\u4e07\u8fde\u63a5\u76d1\u63a7：\u7528 ss + netstat \u534f\u540c\u5206\u6790\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u67b6\u6784\u74f6\u9888！<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u7acb\u5373\u884c\u52a8：
            \n\u6267\u884c netstat -ant | awk '\/^tcp\/ {print $6}' | sort | uniq -c，\u5206\u4eab\u4f60\u7684TCP\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u56fe！<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb366\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e3\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf10\u6b21\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u5065\u5eb7\u5efa\u8bae\u6545\u969c\u54cd\u5e94\u52a8\u4f5cLISTEN\u5173\u952e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53e3\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u5931 \u2192 \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u91cf\u7a81\u589e\uff08\u9632DDoS\uff09\u7a81\u589e \u2192 \u5c01\u7981\u5f02\u5e38IPSYN_RECV\u6570\u91cf\u5e94\u63a5\u8fd10>10 \u2192 \u68c0\u67e5SYN Flood\u653b\u51fbCLOSE_WAIT\u5355\u8fdb\u7a0b<10\u5806\u79ef \u2192 \u91cd\u542f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u4fee\u590d\u4ee3\u7801TIME_WAIT\u603b\u91cf<1000\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u5168\uff09\u8fc7\u591a \u2192 \u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18\ud83d\udd27\u7ec8\u6781\u8bca\u65ad\u547d\u4ee4# Linux \u5168\u7ef4\u5ea6\u68c0\u67e5\uff08\u8fde\u63a5+\u8fdb\u7a0b+\u7edf\u8ba1\uff09\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u9884\u544a\ud83d\udd25\u300aNetstat \u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u4ece\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u5230\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u300b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,5009,78,5008,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-50975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-linux","tag-netcat","tag-78","tag-5008","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"\n[\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26] \u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\uff1a\u8f93\u51fa\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u72b6\u6001\u8bca\u65ad - 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