{"id":50887,"date":"2025-08-10T14:04:42","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T06:04:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50887.html"},"modified":"2025-08-10T14:04:42","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T06:04:42","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e3%80%91%e7%88%b6%e5%ad%90%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%85%b3%e7%b3%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50887.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u3011\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<h4>\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001\u533a\u5206\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1.1 \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u70b9<\/li>\n<li>1.2 \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9<\/li>\n<li>1.3 \u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5236&#xff08;Copy-On-Write, COW&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>1.4 \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u5171\u4eab<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>2.1 \u901a\u8fc7 &#096;fork()&#096; \u533a\u5206\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>2.2 \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/li>\n<li>\u56db\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>4.1 ps \u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>4.2 kill \u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u533a\u5206\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u70b9<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250810060441-6898367905f1a.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 fork() \u4e4b\u540e&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u590d\u5236\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e00\u81f4&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u901a\u8fc7\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5 .text&#xff08;\u5171\u4eab&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u6bb5 .data&#xff08;\u521d\u59cb\u76f8\u540c&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>BSS\u6bb5&#xff08;\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5806\u533a&#xff08;malloc \u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u6808\u533a&#xff08;\u51fd\u6570\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u72ec\u7acb&#xff08;\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5143\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u521d\u59cb\u7ee7\u627f&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237 ID&#xff08;UID&#xff09;\/ \u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237 ID&#xff08;EUID&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;HOME&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff08;signal handlers&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7236\u5b50\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6\u8868&#xff08;\u5982\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u5171\u4eab&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u589e\u52a0&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04&#xff08;mmap \u533a&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h3>1.2 \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9<\/h3>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0bID<\/li>\n<li>\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0bID<\/li>\n<li>fork\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>\u95f9\u949f(\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668)<\/li>\n<li>\u672a\u51b3\u4fe1\u53f7\u96c6<\/li>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u5728 fork() \u4e4b\u540e\u662f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u6267\u884c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u6267\u884c\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f&#xff0c;\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4ece fork() \u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.3 \u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5236&#xff08;Copy-On-Write, COW&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<p>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u662f\u7acb\u5373\u62f7\u8d1d\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff0c;\u7528\u6765\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136 fork() \u770b\u4f3c\u53ea\u590d\u5236\u201c\u5c11\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d&#xff0c;\u4f46&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ecd\u6d89\u53ca\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757&#xff08;PCB&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u914d PID \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u89e6\u53d1\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u9700\u590d\u5236\u5185\u5b58\u9875<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236\u6280\u672f\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bfb\u65f6\u5171\u4eab&#xff1a;\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;\u53ea\u8bfb\u6743\u9650&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236&#xff1a;\u5f53\u4e00\u65b9\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5199\u5165&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u590d\u5236\u8be5\u9875\u9762 \u2192 \u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u79bb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8282\u7701\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u62f7\u8d1d<\/li>\n<li>\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd&#xff08;\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7acb\u5373 exec() \u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.4 \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u5171\u4eab<\/h3>\n<li>\n<p>\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6307\u5411\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u9879<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u589e\u52a0<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u5171\u4eab<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7\u5171\u4eab&#xff08;\u5982 O_APPEND&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>mmap \u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u533a\u5171\u4eab<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5171\u4eab \u2260 \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5171\u4eab&#xff0c;\u4f46\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f71\u54cd\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1 \u901a\u8fc7 fork() \u533a\u5206\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/types.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> pid<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pid <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;fork&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;I am son\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;I am father\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u679c&#xff1a; \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ea4\u66ff&#xff08;\u6216\u8fde\u7eed&#xff09;\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff0c;\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.2 \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/types.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> pid<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pid <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;fork&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><br \/>\n        a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">111<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">222<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;son: a &#061; %d, b &#061; %d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u8fd0\u884c<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;father: a &#061; %d, b &#061; %d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u679c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>son: a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">111<\/span>, b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">222<\/span><br \/>\nfather: a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span>, b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>1. \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7 fork() \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5173\u7cfb&#xff1a;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u201c\u590d\u5236\u54c1\u201d&#xff0c;\u521d\u59cb\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8fd0\u884c\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u533a\u522b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d fork() \u8fd4\u56de \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 PID&#xff08;&gt; 0&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d fork() \u8fd4\u56de 0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c &lt; 0&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u987a\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u6267\u884c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u6267\u884c \u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff1a;\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4ece fork() \u8c03\u7528\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2. \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb&#xff1a;\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4e92\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5728 fork() \u4e4b\u540e\u5404\u81ea\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u503c&#xff08;\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n<h3>4.1 ps \u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tr>\u9009\u9879\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>-a<\/td>\n<td>\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-u<\/td>\n<td>\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-x<\/td>\n<td>\u663e\u793a\u65e0\u63a7\u5236\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-j<\/td>\n<td>\u663e\u793a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e38\u7528\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>ps aux&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ps ajx&#xff1a;\u4ee5\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4.2 kill \u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u5411\u6307\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kill PID \u2192 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53d1\u9001 SIGTERM&#xff08;\u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>kill -l \u2192 \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>kill -9 PID \u6216 kill -SIGKILL PID \u2192 \u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SIGKILL&#xff08;\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7 9&#xff09;\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\u6216\u5ffd\u7565&#xff0c;\u80fd\u5f3a\u5236\u7ed3\u675f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb405\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e19\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf18\u6b21\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u7279\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7fork()\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u3001\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5173\u952e\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236\uff08COW\uff09\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5185\u5b58\u62f7\u8d1d\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u4f46\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u4e92\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4ps\u548ckill\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":50886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,190,188,470,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-50887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-linux","tag-190","tag-188","tag-470","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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content=\"\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb405\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e19\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf18\u6b21\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u7279\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7fork()\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u3001\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5173\u952e\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236\uff08COW\uff09\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5185\u5b58\u62f7\u8d1d\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u4f46\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u4e92\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4ps\u548ckill\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u3002\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50887.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-10T06:04:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250810060441-6898367905f1a.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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