{"id":50724,"date":"2025-08-10T11:39:18","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T03:39:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50724.html"},"modified":"2025-08-10T11:39:18","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T03:39:18","slug":"linux-c%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e8%bf%9b%e9%98%b6-%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%8c%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%a1%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50724.html","title":{"rendered":"linux c\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u9636 - \u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00. \u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h2>\n

\u6982\u8ff0：<\/h4>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b（Process）\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d<\/span>，\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6570\u636e\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49）\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb，\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u673a\u5236（\u5982\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1IPC）\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u3001\u5c31\u7eea\u548c\u7ec8\u6b62\u7b49\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f，\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d：<\/h4>\n

c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d，main\u51fd\u6570\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7main\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

windows\u8fdb\u7a0b：（win+alt+.）<\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u00a0<\/h4>\n

ps aux \/ ps -ef\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0top \/ htop<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4e8c. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/h2>\n

1. \u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n

\u7279\u6027：<\/h5>\n\n\u7279\u6027fork()vfork()<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5185\u5b58\u590d\u5236<\/td>\n\u91c7\u7528\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236 (Copy-On-Write)<\/td>\n\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f<\/td>\n\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a<\/td>\n\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u76f4\u5230\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u6216 exec<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500<\/td>\n\u8f83\u9ad8（\u9700\u590d\u5236\u9875\u8868\u7b49\u5143\u6570\u636e）<\/td>\n\u6781\u4f4e（\u65e0\u5185\u5b58\u590d\u5236\u5f00\u9500）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/td>\n\u5b89\u5168（\u5185\u5b58\u9694\u79bb）<\/td>\n\u5371\u9669（\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u7834\u574f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\u00a0\u7279\u70b9：<\/h5>\n\n\u51fd\u6570\u6807\u51c6\u7279\u70b9\u6700\u4f73\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
fork()<\/td>\nPOSIX<\/td>\n\u5b89\u5168\u4f46\u5f00\u9500\u5927<\/td>\n\u901a\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
vfork()<\/td>\nPOSIX<\/td>\n\u9ad8\u6548\u4f46\u5371\u9669<\/td>\n\u7acb\u5373exec\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u4f18\u5316\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
posix_spawn()<\/td>\nPOSIX.1d<\/td>\n\u5b89\u5168\u9ad8\u6548\u7684exec\u5c01\u88c5<\/td>\n\u4fbf\u643a\u5f0f\u9ad8\u6548\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
clone()<\/td>\nLinux<\/td>\n\u53ef\u5b9a\u5236\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n\u7ebf\u7a0b\/\u7279\u6b8aIPC\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pthread_create()<\/td>\nPOSIX<\/td>\n\u7eaf\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa<\/td>\n\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\u5dee\u5f02：<\/h5>\n\n\u7ef4\u5ea6fork()vfork()<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
\u8c03\u5ea6\u987a\u5e8f<\/td>\n\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c
\n\u2022 \u8c01\u5148\u8fd0\u884c\u7531\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u51b3\u5b9a<\/td>\n		\u4e25\u683c\u4e32\u884c\u5316
\n\u2022 \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u6302\u8d77
\n\u2022 \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u5168\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5（\u6216\u8c03\u7528exec\/exit）\u540e\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u624d\u6062\u590d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u9000\u51fa\u8981\u6c42<\/td>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u9000\u51fa（exit\u6216return）<\/td>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u5373\u8c03\u7528 exec() \u6216 _exit()
\n\u2022 \u7981\u6b62\u4ece\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de（\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6808）
\n\u2022 \u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528exit()（\u4f1a\u5237\u65b0\u5171\u4eabI\/O\u7f13\u51b2\u533a）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u963b\u585e\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>\n\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u963b\u585e<\/td>\n\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728 vfork() \u8c03\u7528\u5904\u963b\u585e\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
1. fork<\/h5>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <sys\/types.h>
\n#include <string.h> \/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 strlen \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
\n{<\/p>\n

int id = getpid(); \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684ID
\n \/\/ 1.fork() \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n pid_t pid = fork();
\n if (pid < 0)
\n {
\n \/\/ pid<0,\u4ee3\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25
\n printf("Fork failed.\\\\n");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n }
\n else if (pid == 0)
\n {
\n \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n printf("\u8fd9\u662f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b,\u5b50id = %d,\u7236id = %d\\\\n", id, getppid(), getppid()); \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0bID
\n }
\n else
\n {
\n \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n printf("\u8fd9\u662f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b%d\\\\n", id);
\n }
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2. vfork<\/h5>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <sys\/types.h>
\n#include <string.h> \/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 strlen \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
\n{
\n \/\/ 1.vfork() \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n pid_t pid = vfork();
\n if (pid < 0)
\n {
\n \/\/ pid<0,\u4ee3\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25
\n printf("vFork failed.\\\\n");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n }
\n else if (pid == 0)
\n {
\n \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n printf("\u8fd9\u662f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b,\u5b50id = %d,\u7236id = %d\\\\n", getpid(), getppid()); \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0bID
\n _exit(0); \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528_exit()\u800c\u4e0d\u662fexit()，\u907f\u514d\u5f71\u54cd\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001
\n }
\n else
\n {
\n \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n printf("\u8fd9\u662f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b%d\\\\n", getpid()); \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684ID
\n }
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0clone \/\u00a0posix_spawn(\u4e0d\u8bb2，\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u5199)<\/h5>\n

2. \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/h3>\n

1. \u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe<\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/h4>\n

2. \u6982\u8ff0\u00a0<\/h4>\n

1. \u521b\u5efa\u72b6\u6001 (New)<\/h5>\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u672c\u8d28：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u89e6\u53d1\u52a8\u4f5c：\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528（\u5982 fork(), vfork()）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5173\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u5206\u914d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757(PCB)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u5206\u914d\u521d\u59cb\u8d44\u6e90（PID\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7b49）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4：\u77ac\u65f6\u72b6\u6001（\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n
      2. \u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001 (Ready)<\/h5>\n
        \n
      • \n

        \u672c\u8d28：\u5177\u5907\u8fd0\u884c\u6761\u4ef6，\u7b49\u5f85CPU\u5206\u914d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u8fdb\u5165\u6761\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          \u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u7ed3\u675f（\u5982I\/O\u5b8c\u6210）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u5230\u671f\u88ab\u5265\u593aCPU<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            \u4f4d\u4e8e\u5c31\u7eea\u961f\u5217\u6392\u961f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u53ea\u7f3aCPU\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u53ef\u968f\u65f6\u88ab\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u9009\u4e2d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \n
            3. \u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001 (Running)<\/h5>\n
              \n
            • \n

              \u672c\u8d28：\u6b63\u5728CPU\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6：\u88ab\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u9009\u4e2d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u5173\u952e\u884c\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                \u5360\u7528CPU\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362：<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \n

                  \u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u7528\u5b8c \u2192 \u56de\u5230\u5c31\u7eea\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u8bf7\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90 \u2192 \u8fdb\u5165\u963b\u585e\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f \u2192 \u8fdb\u5165\u7ec8\u6b62\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4：\u7eb3\u79d2\u5230\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7（\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u7247）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \n
                  4. \u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001 (Blocked\/Waiting)<\/h5>\n
                    \n
                  • \n

                    \u672c\u8d28：\u7b49\u5f85\u5916\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    \u5e38\u89c1\u89e6\u53d1\u539f\u56e0：<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \n

                      I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bf7\u6c42（\u78c1\u76d8\/\u7f51\u7edc）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      \u83b7\u53d6\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      \u7b49\u5f85\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      \u5b9a\u65f6\u7b49\u5f85（\u5982sleep()）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      \u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81：<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \n

                        \u4e3b\u52a8\u8ba9\u51faCPU<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                      • \n

                        \u79fb\u51fa\u5c31\u7eea\u961f\u5217<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                      • \n

                        \u8d44\u6e90\u6ee1\u8db3\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u5c31\u7eea\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \n
                        5. \u7ec8\u6b62\u72b6\u6001 (Terminated)<\/h5>\n
                          \n
                        • \n

                          \u672c\u8d28：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                        • \n

                          \u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • \n

                            \u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f（\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            \u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62（\u6536\u5230\u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            \u88ab\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            \u5173\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • \n

                              \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90（\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8bbe\u5907）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              PCB\u4fdd\u7559\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001（\u4f9b\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67e5\u8be2）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              \u6700\u7ec8\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u79fb\u9664<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \"\"<\/p>\n

                              3. \u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u00a0<\/h4>\n

                              #include <stdio.h>
                              \n#include <stdlib.h>
                              \n#include <unistd.h>
                              \n#include <sys\/types.h><\/p>\n

                              int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
                              \n{
                              \n \/\/ \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/p>\n

                              \/\/ 1.\u521b\u5efa\u72b6\u6001
                              \n pid_t pid = vfork(); \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 vfork \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
                              \n printf("\u521b\u5efa\u72b6\u6001………….");<\/p>\n

                              \/\/ 2.\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001
                              \n printf("\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001………….");<\/p>\n

                              if (pid == 0)
                              \n {
                              \n \/\/ 3.\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001
                              \n printf("\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001………….");
                              \n printf("\u8fd9\u662f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b,\u5b50id = %d,\u7236id = %d\\\\n", getpid(), getppid());<\/p>\n

                              \/\/ 4.\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001
                              \n printf("\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001………….");
                              \n sleep(5); \/\/ \u6a21\u62df\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001，\u7b49\u5f855\u79d2<\/p>\n

                              \/\/ 5.\u7ed3\u675f\u72b6\u6001(\u9500\u6bc1)
                              \n printf("\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f………….");
                              \n _exit(0); \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 _exit() \u7ed3\u675f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u907f\u514d\u5f71\u54cd\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001
                              \n }
                              \n else if (pid > 0)
                              \n {
                              \n \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
                              \n printf("\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b………….");
                              \n }
                              \n else
                              \n {
                              \n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25
                              \n perror("vfork failed");
                              \n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                              \n }<\/p>\n

                              return 0;
                              \n}<\/p>\n

                              \"\"<\/p>\n

                              3. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u66ff\u6362 （\u4e0d\u592a\u660e\u767d）<\/h3>\n

                              \u8fdb\u7a0b\u66ff\u6362（Process Replacement）\u662f Unix\/Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u5168\u66ff\u6362\u81ea\u8eab，\u8f6c\u800c\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u901a\u8fc7 exec \u7cfb\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0，\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u5373，\u6b64\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u5168\u590d\u5236\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u4f46\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684pid\u3002<\/p>\n

                              1. \u672c\u8d28\u4e0e\u7279\u70b9<\/h5>\n\n\u7279\u6027\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
                              \u539f\u5730\u66ff\u6362<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 PID\u3001\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u5185\u5b58\u91cd\u6784<\/td>\n\u5b8c\u5168\u66ff\u6362\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4（\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u3001\u5806\u6808）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u65e0\u8fd4\u56de<\/td>\n\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u540e\u6c38\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u539f\u7a0b\u5e8f（\u51fd\u6570\u65e0\u8fd4\u56de\u503c）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u6548\u7387\u4f18\u52bf<\/td>\n\u907f\u514d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5f00\u9500（\u65e0\u9700\u590d\u5236\u9875\u8868\/\u5185\u5b58）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
                              2. exec \u51fd\u6570\u5bb6\u65cf<\/h5>\n\n\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u98ce\u683c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPATH\u641c\u7d22\u5178\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                              execl()<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868<\/td>\n\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\n\u274c<\/td>\n\u56fa\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              execv()<\/td>\n\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4<\/td>\n\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\n\u274c<\/td>\n\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              execlp()<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868<\/td>\n\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\n\u2705<\/td>\nShell\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              execvp()<\/td>\n\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4<\/td>\n\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\n\u2705<\/td>\n\u6267\u884c\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              execle()<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868<\/td>\n\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49<\/td>\n\u274c<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              execve()<\/td>\n\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4<\/td>\n\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49<\/td>\n\u274c<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b（\u5b9e\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              fexecve()<\/td>\n\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4<\/td>\n\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49<\/td>\n\u274c<\/td>\n\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6307\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f（Linux\u7279\u6709）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                              📌 \u5e95\u5c42\u771f\u76f8：\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u8c03\u7528 execve() \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528（\u5185\u6838\u5165\u53e3）<\/p>\n

                              \u00a03. \u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca<\/h5>\n

                              #include <stdio.h>
                              \n#include <stdlib.h>
                              \n#include <unistd.h>
                              \n#include <sys\/types.h>
                              \n#include <sys\/wait.h><\/p>\n

                              int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
                              \n{
                              \n \/\/ \u8fdb\u7a0b\u66ff\u6362
                              \n pid_t pid = fork();<\/p>\n

                              if (pid == 0)
                              \n {
                              \n \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
                              \n execlp("ls", "ls", "-l", NULL);
                              \n perror("\u66ff\u6362\u5931\u8d25");
                              \n _exit(1);
                              \n }
                              \n else if (pid > 0)
                              \n {
                              \n \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
                              \n wait(NULL);
                              \n }
                              \n else
                              \n {
                              \n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25
                              \n perror("\u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25");
                              \n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                              \n }
                              \n return 0;
                              \n}<\/p>\n

                              \"\"<\/p>\n

                              \u603b\u7ed3：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/h5>\n

                              \u8fdb\u7a0b\u66ff\u6362\u4e0d\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u800c\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u751f：<\/p>\n

                            • \n

                              \u4fdd\u7559\u5916\u58f3（PID\u3001\u8d44\u6e90）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              \u66ff\u6362\u6838\u5fc3（\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              \u91cd\u7f6e\u72b6\u6001（\u4fe1\u53f7\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              \u91cd\u83b7\u65b0\u751f（\u4ece\u65b0\u5165\u53e3\u6267\u884c）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                              4. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1<\/h3>\n

                              \u7ba1\u9053<\/h4>\n

                              \u672c\u8d28\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h5>\n
                                \n
                              • \n

                                \u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053：int pipe(int fd[2])<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • \n

                                  \u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u7f13\u51b2\u533a（\u9ed8\u8ba4 64KB）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                • \n

                                  \u5355\u5411\u6570\u636e\u6d41：fd[0] \u53ea\u8bfb，fd[1] \u53ea\u5199<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                • \n

                                  \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u968f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                • \n

                                  \u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053：mkfifo()<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • \n

                                    \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8282\u70b9（inode \u6807\u8bc6）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                  • \n

                                    \u5141\u8bb8\u65e0\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\u7279\u6027\u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                    \u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\npipe()<\/td>\nmkfifo()<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\n\u65e0<\/td>\n\u6709（\u5982 \/tmp\/fifo）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5173\u7cfb<\/td>\n\u5fc5\u987b\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb<\/td>\n\u4efb\u610f\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/td>\n\u968f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u9500\u6bc1<\/td>\n\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528 unlink() \u5220\u9664<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u6253\u5f00\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>\n\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/td>\n\u9700 open()，\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u585e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u6301\u4e45\u6027<\/td>\n\u4e34\u65f6<\/td>\n\u6301\u4e45（\u9664\u975e\u5220\u9664）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014<\/td>\nShell \u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1<\/td>\n\u65e0\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
                                    \u533a\u522b\u4e8eIO\u6d41<\/h5>\n\n\u7279\u6027\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053 (FIFO)\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6I\/O\u6d41<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                    \u7269\u7406\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\n\u65e0\u78c1\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8
                                    \n\u6570\u636e\u4ec5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d<\/td>\n                                    		\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u78c1\u76d8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u6570\u636e\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/td>\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u6d88\u5931<\/td>\n\u6c38\u4e45\u5b58\u50a8，\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u8bfb\u53d6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5faaFIFO\u987a\u5e8f<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee（lseek）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u6253\u5f00\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981\u6210\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6253\u5f00（\u8bfb\u5199\u7aef）\u5426\u5219\u963b\u585e<\/td>\n\u5355\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u72ec\u7acb\u8bfb\u5199<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u5236<\/td>\n\u5185\u6838\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u914d\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u5757<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf<\/td>\n\u7ba1\u9053\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f（\u9ed8\u8ba464KB）<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u53d7\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u539f\u5b50\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/td>\n\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u2264PIPE_BUF(4KB)\u65f6\u539f\u5b50<\/td>\n\u65e0\u5185\u7f6e\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
                                    1. \u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053<\/h5>\n
                                      \n
                                    • \n

                                      \u4f7f\u7528 pipe(int pipefd[2]) \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                    • \n

                                      \u65e0\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84，\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26（pipefd[0]\u8bfb\u7aef，pipefd[1]\u5199\u7aef）\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      int pipefd[2];
                                      \npipe(pipefd); \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053<\/p>\n

                                      #include <stdio.h>
                                      \n#include <stdlib.h>
                                      \n#include <unistd.h>
                                      \n#include <sys\/types.h>
                                      \n#include <string.h> \/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 strlen \u51fd\u6570
                                      \n#include <locale.h><\/p>\n

                                      \/**
                                      \n * pipe \u7ba1\u9053，\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1（\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b）
                                      \n *\/
                                      \nint main(int argc, char const *argv[])
                                      \n{
                                      \n setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); \/\/ \u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf locale，\u652f\u6301\u4e2d\u6587utf-8
                                      \n \/\/ 1.\u521b\u5efa\u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053
                                      \n int fd[2];<\/p>\n

                                      \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u7ba1\u9053
                                      \n if (pipe(fd) == -1)
                                      \n {
                                      \n perror("pipe");
                                      \n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                                      \n }
                                      \n \/\/ 2.\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
                                      \n pid_t pid = fork();
                                      \n if (pid < 0)
                                      \n {
                                      \n perror("fork");
                                      \n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                                      \n }
                                      \n else if (pid == 0)
                                      \n {
                                      \n \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
                                      \n close(fd[1]); \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u5199\u7aef
                                      \n char buffer[100];
                                      \n read(fd[0], buffer, sizeof(buffer)); \/\/ \u4ece\u7ba1\u9053\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e
                                      \n printf("Child process received: %s\\\\n", buffer);
                                      \n close(fd[0]); \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u8bfb\u7aef
                                      \n exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
                                      \n }
                                      \n else
                                      \n {
                                      \n \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b
                                      \n close(fd[0]); \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u8bfb\u7aef
                                      \n const char *message = "\u8fd9\u662f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6d88\u606f";
                                      \n write(fd[1], message, strlen(message) + 1); \/\/ \u5411\u7ba1\u9053\u5199\u5165\u5b9e\u9645\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6+1（\u5305\u542b\u7ed3\u5c3e\\\\0）
                                      \n close(fd[1]); \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u5199\u7aef
                                      \n }
                                      \n return 0;
                                      \n}<\/p>\n

                                      2.\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053<\/h5>\n
                                        \n
                                      • \n

                                        \u4f7f\u7528 mkfifo(const char *pathname, mode_t mode) \u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                      • \n

                                        \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u540d（\u5982 \/tmp\/myfifo），\u50cf\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        mkfifo("\/tmp\/myfifo", 0666); \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053<\/p>\n

                                        #include <stdio.h>
                                        \n#include <stdlib.h>
                                        \n#include <unistd.h>
                                        \n#include <sys\/types.h>
                                        \n#include <sys\/wait.h>
                                        \n#include <fcntl.h>
                                        \n#include <string.h><\/p>\n

                                        \/*\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053*\/
                                        \nint main(int argc, char const *argv[])
                                        \n{
                                        \n \/\/ 1.\u521b\u5efa\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053
                                        \n const char *fifo_path = "\/tmp\/my_fifo";
                                        \n mkfifo(fifo_path, 0666);<\/p>\n

                                        \/\/ 2.\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
                                        \n pid_t pid = fork();
                                        \n if (pid == 0)
                                        \n {
                                        \n \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b：\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e
                                        \n int fd = open(fifo_path, O_WRONLY);
                                        \n write(fd, "Hello from child", 17);
                                        \n close(fd);
                                        \n exit(0);
                                        \n }<\/p>\n

                                        \/\/ 3.\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b：\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e
                                        \n char buffer[100];
                                        \n int fd = open(fifo_path, O_RDONLY);
                                        \n read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
                                        \n printf("\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230：%s\\\\n", buffer);
                                        \n close(fd);<\/p>\n

                                        \/\/ 4.\u6e05\u7406
                                        \n unlink(fifo_path);
                                        \n return 0;
                                        \n}<\/p>\n

                                        \u4fe1\u53f7（Signal）<\/h4>\n

                                        \u672c\u8d28\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h5>\n
                                          \n
                                        • \n

                                          \u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad：\u5f02\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u77e5\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                        • \n

                                          \u6807\u51c6\u4fe1\u53f7：\u5982 SIGINT (Ctrl+C), SIGKILL (\u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                        • \n

                                          \u5b9e\u65f6\u4fe1\u53f7：\u652f\u6301\u6392\u961f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          \u00a0<\/p>\n

                                          system v ipc<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

                                          \u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

                                          \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf<\/h4>\n

                                          \u5373，\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u5373\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001，\u6211\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u4ed6，\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e94，\u4ed6\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4e94\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53bb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58，\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5171，\u6709\u5341\u4e2a，\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u5219\u7b49\u5f85，\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f9d\u6b21\u9000\u51fa，\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u4f9d\u6b21\u8fdb\u5165.<\/p>\n

                                        • \n

                                          \u8ba1\u6570\u5668： \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                        • \n

                                          \u64cd\u4f5c： \u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c（Atomic Operation）：<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          • \n

                                            P \u64cd\u4f5c (Wait\/Sleep\/Down)：<\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            • \n

                                              \u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u51cf 1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                            • \n

                                              \u5982\u679c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u503c\u5927\u4e8e 0，\u5219\u51cf 1 \u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de（\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u6e90）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                            • \n

                                              \u5982\u679c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e 0，\u5219\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b）\u4f1a\u88ab\u963b\u585e（\u4f11\u7720），\u76f4\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u503c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5927\u4e8e 0（\u6709\u522b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90），\u7136\u540e\u5b83\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u51cf 1 \u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                            • \n

                                              V \u64cd\u4f5c (Signal\/Post\/Up)：<\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • \n

                                                \u5c06\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u52a0 1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                              • \n

                                                \u5982\u679c\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8be5\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u4e0a\u6267\u884c P \u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u88ab\u963b\u585e，V \u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u5524\u9192\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a（\u6216\u591a\u4e2a，\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0）\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                                              • \n

                                                \u76ee\u7684： \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002P \u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee3\u8868\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90，V \u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee3\u8868\u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5f53\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a 1 \u65f6，\u5b83\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u65a5\u9501（Mutex），\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                              • \n

                                                \u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf： \u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u9a7b\u7559\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d，\u7531\u5185\u6838\u7ef4\u62a4\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u963b\u585e\u961f\u5217\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26（key \u6216 name）\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b83，\u5b9e\u73b0\u8de8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                #include <stdio.h>
                                                \n#include <stdlib.h>
                                                \n#include <unistd.h>
                                                \n#include <fcntl.h>
                                                \n#include <sys\/wait.h>
                                                \n#include <semaphore.h><\/p>\n

                                                #define TOTAL_PROCS 10
                                                \n#define ALLOWED_AT_ONCE 5
                                                \n#define SEM_NAME "\/my_semaphore_example"<\/p>\n

                                                void child_process(int id)
                                                \n{
                                                \n \/\/ \u6253\u5f00\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf
                                                \n sem_t *sem = sem_open(SEM_NAME, O_RDWR);
                                                \n if (sem == SEM_FAILED)
                                                \n {
                                                \n perror("\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u6253\u5f00\u5931\u8d25");
                                                \n exit(1);
                                                \n }<\/p>\n

                                                printf("\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b %d (PID:%d) \u7b49\u5f85\u8fdb\u5165…\\\\n", id, getpid());<\/p>\n

                                                \/\/ P\u64cd\u4f5c：\u7b49\u5f85\u901a\u884c\u8bc1
                                                \n sem_wait(sem);<\/p>\n

                                                \/\/ \u4e34\u754c\u533a\u5f00\u59cb
                                                \n printf("\u2705 \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b %d (PID:%d) \u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u754c\u533a\\\\n", id, getpid());
                                                \n sleep(2); \/\/ \u6a21\u62df\u5de5\u4f5c
                                                \n printf("🚪 \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b %d (PID:%d) \u79bb\u5f00\u4e34\u754c\u533a\\\\n", id, getpid());
                                                \n \/\/ \u4e34\u754c\u533a\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n

                                                \/\/ V\u64cd\u4f5c：\u5f52\u8fd8\u901a\u884c\u8bc1
                                                \n sem_post(sem);<\/p>\n

                                                sem_close(sem);
                                                \n exit(0);
                                                \n}<\/p>\n

                                                int main()
                                                \n{
                                                \n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf (\u521d\u59cb5\u5f20\u901a\u884c\u8bc1)
                                                \n sem_t *sem = sem_open(SEM_NAME, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0666, ALLOWED_AT_ONCE);
                                                \n if (sem == SEM_FAILED)
                                                \n {
                                                \n perror("\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25");
                                                \n exit(1);
                                                \n }<\/p>\n

                                                printf("\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b (PID:%d) \u542f\u52a8，\u521b\u5efa %d \u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u5bb9\u91cf: %d\\\\n",
                                                \n getpid(), TOTAL_PROCS, ALLOWED_AT_ONCE);<\/p>\n

                                                \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b
                                                \n for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_PROCS; i++)
                                                \n {
                                                \n pid_t pid = fork();
                                                \n if (pid == 0)
                                                \n {
                                                \n child_process(i + 1); \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c
                                                \n exit(0);
                                                \n }
                                                \n }<\/p>\n

                                                \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f
                                                \n for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_PROCS; i++)
                                                \n {
                                                \n wait(NULL);
                                                \n }<\/p>\n

                                                \/\/ \u6e05\u7406
                                                \n sem_close(sem);
                                                \n sem_unlink(SEM_NAME); \/\/ \u5220\u9664\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf
                                                \n printf("\\\\n\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210！\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u5df2\u6e05\u7406\\\\n");
                                                \n return 0;
                                                \n}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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