{"id":50271,"date":"2025-07-30T22:39:05","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T14:39:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html"},"modified":"2025-07-30T22:39:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T14:39:05","slug":"linux%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86%e5%a4%a7%e5%85%a8%ef%bc%9a%e9%9b%b6%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e5%88%b0%e7%b2%be%e9%80%9a%ef%bc%8c%e6%94%b6%e8%97%8f%e8%bf%99%e7%af%87%e5%b0%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u7406\u5927\u5168\uff1a\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c31\u591f\u4e86"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u7406\u5927\u5168&#xff1a;\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a&#xff0c;\u6536\u85cf\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c31\u591f\u4e86<\/h5>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u76f8\u5173\u9ad8\u6548\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u7528\u6307\u6570\u4e0d\u5206\u5148\u540e&#xff0c;\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e26\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/20250730143846-688a2e762fe72.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u521b\u5efa\u540d\u5b57\u4e3ahaodao1.py&#xff0c;haodao2.py\u5230haodao100.py\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>touch haodao{1..100}.py<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u5feb\u901f\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u5728\u672c\u673a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u80fd\u529b&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9dd\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>dd if&#061;\/dev\/zero of&#061;\/root\/haodaolinux\/test.txt bs&#061;1M count&#061;1024<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5728\/root\/haodaolinux\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3atest.txt \u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 1G \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u6e05\u7a7a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5982\u6e05\u7a7ahaodao.py\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>cat \/dev\/null &gt; haodao.py<\/p>\n<p>\u6216<\/p>\n<p>echo -n &#034;&#034; &gt; haodao.py<\/p>\n<p>\u6216<\/p>\n<p>true &gt; haodao.py<\/p>\n<p>\u6216<\/p>\n<p>: &gt; haodao.py<\/p>\n<p>\u6216<\/p>\n<p>truncate -s 0 haodao.py<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a5\u79cd\u5feb\u901f\u6e05\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u5df1\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd&#xff0c;\u5927\u5bb6\u77e5\u9053\u51e0\u79cd\u5462&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>4\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u5b57\u4e3ahaodao.py\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -name haodao.py<\/p>\n<p>5\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u5b57\u4ee5.py\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -name &#034;*.py&#034;<\/p>\n<p>6\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u5b57\u4ee5.py\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u641c\u7d22&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -type f -name &#034;*.py&#034;<\/p>\n<p>7\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u5b57\u5305\u542bhaodao\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -type d -name &#034;haodao*&#034;<\/p>\n<p>8\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u4e3a755\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -type f -perm 755<\/p>\n<p>9\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5177\u6709755\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -type f ! -perm 755<\/p>\n<p>10\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5177\u6709777\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u9650\u5168\u90e8\u6539\u4e3a755&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -type f -perm 777  -exec chmod 755 {} \\\\;<\/p>\n<p>11\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a100MB~1GB\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -type f -size &#043;100M -size -1G<\/p>\n<p>12\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4ee5.py\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u5220\u9664&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -name &#034;*.py&#034; -exec rm -rf {} \\\\;<\/p>\n<p>\u6216<\/p>\n<p>find . -name &#034;*.py&#034; | xargs rm -rf {};<\/p>\n<p>\u6216<\/p>\n<p>rm -rf $(find . -name &#034;*.py&#034;)<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a3\u79cd\u5feb\u901f\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u522b\u6587\u4ef6\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u9999\u66f4\u597d\u7528\u5462&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>13\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b30\u5929\u524d\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -mtime 30<\/p>\n<p>**14\u3001**\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b30\u5929\u524d\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -atime 30<\/p>\n<p>15\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u8fc7\u53bb1\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -mmin -60<\/p>\n<p>16\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u8fc7\u53bb1\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -amin -60<\/p>\n<p>17\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4fee\u6539\u8d85\u8fc710\u5929&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4fee\u6539\u4e0d\u523030\u5929\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -mtime &#043;10 -mtime -30<\/p>\n<p>18\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b7\u5929\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u7684&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u662f\u4ee5.py\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u8fdb\u884c\u5220\u9664&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -mtime &#043;7  -name &#034;*.py&#034; | xargs rm -rf {};<\/p>\n<p>19\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u4e8e1000M\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\/root\/home\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find . -size &#043;1000M -exec mv {} \/root\/home ;<\/p>\n<p>20\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e8e30\u5929\u524d&#xff0c;\u5927\u5c0f\u5927\u4e8e1000M&#xff0c;\u4ee5.py\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u8fdb\u884c\u5220\u9664&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>find  . -name &#034;*.py&#034; \u2013mtime &#043;30 \u2013type f \u2013size &#043;1000M |xargs rm \u2013rf {};<\/p>\n<p>21\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91cpu, \u5305\u62eccpu\u578b\u53f7&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>cat \/proc\/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c<\/p>\n<p>22\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u6709\u51e0\u9897cpu,\u6bcf\u9897\u5206\u522b\u662f\u51e0\u6838&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>cat \/proc\/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c<\/p>\n<p>23\u3001\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5982\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884cping www.baidu.com\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p> nohup ping www.baidu.com &amp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c,\u5e76\u4e14\u6709nohup.out\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6216<\/p>\n<p>nohup ping www.baidu.com &gt; \/dev\/null &amp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c, \u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6216<\/p>\n<p>nohup ping www.baidu.com &gt;out.log 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c, \u5e76\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u505a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>24\u3001\u5f3a\u5236\u5173\u95ed\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u5305\u542bxxx\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>ps aux|grep xxx | grep -v grep | awk &#039;{print $2}&#039; | xargs kill -9<\/p>\n<p>25\u3001\/var\u76ee\u5f55\u6309\u7167\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f\u5c55\u793a\u6700\u524d\u976220\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u8005\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>du -xB M &#8211;max-depth&#061;2 \/var | sort -rn | head -n 20<\/p>\n<p>26\u3001\u6309\u7167\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u76ee\u5f55\u6700\u5927\u768410\u4e2a&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>du -s * | sort -n | tail<\/p>\n<p>27\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff08;\u524d20\u4e2a&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>ps -aux | sort -rnk 4 | head -20<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c 4 \u5217\u5c31\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8017\u7528\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>**28\u3001**\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edfCPU\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff08;\u524d20\u4e2a&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>ps -aux | sort -rnk 3 | head -20<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c 3 \u5217\u4e3a CPU \u7684\u8017\u7528\u767e\u5206\u6bd4&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>29\u3001\u540e\u53f0\u6301\u7eed ping\u5305&#xff0c; \u5e76\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>ping www.baidu.com | awk &#039;{ print $0 &#034; &#034; strftime(&#034;%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S&#034;,systime()) }&#039; &gt;&gt; \/root\/haodaoping.log &amp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u540e\u53f0\u6bcf\u4e00\u79d2\u81ea\u52a8ping www.baidu.com&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\/root\/haodaoping.log\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>30\u3001\u67e5\u627e 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u524d 15 \u4e2a IP&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>netstat -anlp|grep 80|grep tcp|awk &#039;{print $5}&#039; |awk -F: &#039;{print $1}&#039;|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -n 15<\/p>\n<p>31\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u768410\u6761\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>cat \/root\/.bash_history |grep -v ^# |awk &#039;{print $1}&#039; |sort |uniq -c |sort -nr |head -10<\/p>\n<p>32\u3001\u67e5\u770b2022\u5e7412\u670811\u65e509\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2aIP\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f60\u7684tomcat\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>awk &#039;{print $4,$1}&#039; access.log | grep 11\/Dec\/2022:09 | awk &#039;{print $2}&#039;| sort | uniq | wc -l<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u8981\u7ed9\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765&#xff0c;\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684IP\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>33\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1tomcat\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u6392\u5728\u524d20 \u4f4d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>cat access.log|awk &#039;{print $1}&#039;|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -20<\/p>\n<p>34\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86tomcat\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u9875\u9762\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>grep ^192.168.30.200 access.log| awk &#039;{print $1,$7}&#039;<\/p>\n<p>35\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1tomcat\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u8d44\u6e90\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6b21\u6570&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>grep &#034;\/portal\/index.html&#034; access.log | wc -l<\/p>\n<p>36\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u6293\u5305\u5de5\u5177tcpdump\u67e5\u770b8080\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>tcpdump -i ens33 -tnn dst port 8080 -c 1000 | awk -F&#034;.&#034; &#039;{print $1&#034;.&#034;$2&#034;.&#034;$3&#034;.&#034;$4}&#039; | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr |head -10<\/p>\n<p>37\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7sed\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6test.py\u4e2d\u7684haodao\u5168\u90e8\u66ff\u6362\u6210HAODAO&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>sed -i &#034;s\/haodao\/HAODAO\/g&#034; test.py<\/p>\n<p>38\u3001\u66ff\u6362haodao.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>sed -i &#034;s:\/etc\/dhcp:\/home:g&#034; haodao.py<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u8868\u793a\u5c06haodao.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\/etc\/dhcp\u76ee\u5f55\u66ff\u6362\u6210\/home\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>39\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9488\u5bf9haodao.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3e\u4f8bsed\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u89c1\u6280\u5de7&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>1&#xff09;\u53bb\u6389\u884c\u9996\u7684#\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sed -i &#034;s\/^#\/\/g&#034; haodao.py<\/p>\n<p>2&#xff09;\u5728\u884c\u9996\u6dfb\u52a0linux\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sed -i &#034;s\/^\/linux\/g&#034; haodao.py<\/p>\n<p>3&#xff09;\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2astudy\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sed -i &#034;s\/$\/study\/&#034; haodao.py<\/p>\n<p>4&#xff09;\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u540e&#xff0c;\u5373we love\u884c\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2ayou\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sed -i &#034;\/we love\/ayou&#034; haodao.py<\/p>\n<p>5&#xff09;\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u524d&#xff0c;\u5373haodao\u884c\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2awhere\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sed -i &#034;\/haodao\/iwhere&#034; haodao.py<\/p>\n<p>40\u3001\u9488\u5bf9\u7f51\u53e3ens33\u6293\u53d6\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6haodao.cap&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>tcpdump -i ens33 -s 0 -w haodao.cap<\/p>\n<p>41\u3001\u9488\u5bf9\u7f51\u53e3ens33\u8fdb\u884c\u6293\u5305&#xff0c;\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa icmp \u62a5\u6587\u5e76\u4e14\u6e90 IP \u5730\u5740\u662f 192.168.20.231\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u62a5\u6587&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>tcpdump icmp and src 192.168.20.231 -i ens33 -n<\/p>\n<p>**42\u3001**\u9488\u5bf9\u7f51\u53e3ens33\u8fdb\u884c\u6293\u5305&#xff0c;\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6e90 IP \u5730\u5740\u662f 192.168.20.231\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u62a5\u6587&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>tcpdump src host 192.168.20.231 -i ens33 -n -c 5<\/p>\n<p>**43\u3001**\u9488\u5bf9\u7f51\u53e3ens33\u8fdb\u884c\u6293\u5305&#xff0c;\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u76ee\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u662f 192.168.20.231\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u62a5\u6587&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>tcpdump dst host 192.168.20.231 -i ens33 -n -c 5<\/p>\n<p>44\u3001*\u9488\u5bf9\u7f51\u53e3ens33\u8fdb\u884c\u6293\u5305&#xff0c;\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f 8080 \u7684\u76f8\u5173\u62a5\u6587&#xff1b;*<\/p>\n<p>tcpdump port 8080 -i ens33 -n -c 5<\/p>\n<p>*45\u3001****\u9488\u5bf9\u7f51\u53e3ens33\u8fdb\u884c\u6293\u5305&#xff0c;\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa 80\u7aef\u53e3\u5230443\u7aef\u53e3 \u7684\u76f8\u5173\u62a5\u6587&#xff1b;*****<\/p>\n<p>tcpdump portrange 80-433 -i ens33 -n -c 8<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001 \u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6025\u6551<\/h6>\n<li>\n<li>top \/ htop (\u589e\u5f3a\u7248)&#xff1a; \u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff09;\u7684\u201c\u603b\u6307\u6325\u53f0\u201d\u3002 \u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5403\u5149\u4e86CPU\u6216\u5185\u5b58 (P \u6309CPU\u6392\u5e8f, M \u6309\u5185\u5b58\u6392\u5e8f, htop \u4ea4\u4e92\u66f4\u53cb\u597d)\u3002\u6551\u547d\u7b2c\u4e00\u773c&#xff01;<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>uptime&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002 \u5feb\u901f\u5224\u65ad\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u521a\u542f\u52a8\u6216\u5df2\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>free -h \/ free -m&#xff1a; \u6e05\u6670\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;RAM&#xff09;\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff08;Swap&#xff09;\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5 (-h \u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u683c\u5f0f)\u3002 \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u5bfc\u81f4\u5361\u987f\u6216OOM\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>df -h \/ df -i&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528 (-h) \u548cInode\u4f7f\u7528 (-i) \u60c5\u51b5\u3002 \u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u8db3(No space left on device)\u8fd8\u662finode\u8017\u5c3d(No space left on device\u4f46df -h\u663e\u793a\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4)\u5bfc\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>du -sh [\u76ee\u5f55] \/ du -h &#8211;max-depth&#061;1 [\u76ee\u5f55]&#xff1a; \u5b9a\u4f4d\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\/\u5927\u76ee\u5f55\u3002 \u5f53\u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u51fa\u201c\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>ps aux \/ ps -ef&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5feb\u7167\u3002 \u7ed3\u5408 grep \u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b (ps aux | grep nginx)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>pstree -p&#xff1a; \u4ee5\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u7236\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u3002 \u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u7406\u89e3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>pidof [\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d] \/ pgrep [\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d]&#xff1a; \u5feb\u901f\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u7684PID\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>kill [PID]&#xff1a; \u5411\u6307\u5b9aPID\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001TERM(15)\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u6c42\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002 \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>kill -9 [PID]&#xff1a; \u5411\u6307\u5b9aPID\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001KILL(9)\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002 \u5bf9\u4ed8\u987d\u56fa\u4e0d\u5316\u3001\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u614e\u7528&#xff01; \u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>killall [\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d]&#xff1a; \u7ec8\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>pkill [\u6a21\u5f0f]&#xff1a; \u6839\u636e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b (e.g., pkill -f &#034;python my_script.py&#034;)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>nice \/ renice&#xff1a; \u8c03\u6574\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7 (nice \u542f\u52a8\u65f6, renice \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6)\u3002 \u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u7d27\u5f20\u65f6&#xff0c;\u964d\u4f4e\u975e\u5173\u952e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4fdd\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>systemctl status [\u670d\u52a1\u540d]&#xff1a; (Systemd\u7cfb\u7edf) \u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u7247\u6bb5\u3002 \u8bca\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u9996\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>systemctl start\/stop\/restart [\u670d\u52a1\u540d]&#xff1a; (Systemd\u7cfb\u7edf) \u542f\u52a8\/\u505c\u6b62\/\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>systemctl enable\/disable [\u670d\u52a1\u540d]&#xff1a; (Systemd\u7cfb\u7edf) \u8bbe\u7f6e\/\u53d6\u6d88\u670d\u52a1\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>journalctl -u [\u670d\u52a1\u540d]&#xff1a; (Systemd\u7cfb\u7edf) \u67e5\u770b\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002 \u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u91d1\u94a5\u5319 (-f \u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a, &#8211;since today \u67e5\u770b\u4eca\u5929\u65e5\u5fd7)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>service [\u670d\u52a1\u540d] status\/start\/stop\/restart&#xff1a; (SysVinit\u7cfb\u7edf) \u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>\/etc\/init.d\/[\u670d\u52a1\u540d] status\/start\/stop\/restart&#xff1a; (SysVinit\u7cfb\u7edf) \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>dmesg | tail \/ dmesg -T \/ dmesg -w&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6d88\u606f\u3002 \u8bca\u65ad\u786c\u4ef6\u95ee\u9898&#xff08;\u78c1\u76d8\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u52a0\u8f7d\u5931\u8d25&#xff09;\u3001OOM Killer\u6740\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6551\u547d\u4fe1\u606f (-T \u663e\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233, -w \u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>sar (sysstat\u5305)&#xff1a; \u6536\u96c6\u3001\u62a5\u544a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d3b\u52a8\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e&#xff08;CPU, \u5185\u5b58, \u78c1\u76d8, \u7f51\u7edc\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002 \u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u65f6\u6bb5\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>vmstat [\u95f4\u9694] [\u6b21\u6570]&#xff1a; \u62a5\u544a\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5206\u9875\u3001\u5757IO\u3001CPU\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002 \u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u548c\u74f6\u9888\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>iostat [\u95f4\u9694] [\u6b21\u6570] (sysstat\u5305)&#xff1a; \u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u78c1\u76d8IO\u548cCPU\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 \u5b9a\u4f4d\u78c1\u76d8\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>mpstat -P ALL [\u95f4\u9694] [\u6b21\u6570] (sysstat\u5305)&#xff1a; \u62a5\u544a\u6bcf\u4e2aCPU\u6216\u6240\u6709CPU\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u770bCPU\u8d1f\u8f7d\u662f\u5426\u5747\u8861\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>lsof&#xff1a; \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u6551\u547d\u795e\u6280&#xff01; \u7528\u9014\u6781\u5e7f&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 lsof \/path\/to\/file&#xff1a;\u8c01\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1f;(\u65e0\u6cd5\u5378\u8f7d\/\u5220\u9664\u65f6)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p>*   \u2022 &#096;lsof -i :[\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7]&#096;&#xff1a;\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u76d1\u542c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3&#xff1f;<br \/>\n*   \u2022 &#096;lsof -p [PID]&#096;&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u7279\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n*   \u2022 &#096;lsof &#043;D \/path\/to\/dir&#096;&#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001 \u7f51\u7edc\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u6062\u590d<\/h6>\n<li>\n<li>ping [\u4e3b\u673a\/IP]&#xff1a; \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u901a\u6027&#xff08;ICMP\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;\u3002 \u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7f51\u7edc\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>traceroute [\u4e3b\u673a\/IP] \/ tracepath [\u4e3b\u673a\/IP]&#xff1a; \u8ffd\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u8def\u7531&#xff09;\u3002 \u8bca\u65ad\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65ad\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002tracepath \u65e0\u9700root\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>mtr [\u4e3b\u673a\/IP]&#xff1a; ping &#043; traceroute \u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u7ec4\u5408\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u6d4b\u8def\u7531\u548c\u4e22\u5305\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u8bca\u65ad\u7f51\u7edc\u6296\u52a8\u66f4\u4f73\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>ip addr show \/ ifconfig (\u8f83\u65e7)&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6e&#xff08;IP\u5730\u5740\u3001MAC\u5730\u5740\u3001\u72b6\u6001&#xff09;\u3002 \u786e\u8ba4\u7f51\u5361\u662f\u5426UP\u3001IP\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>ip route show \/ route -n&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3002 \u786e\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173\u3001\u8def\u7531\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>ss -tulnp \/ netstat -tulnp (\u8f83\u65e7)&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3 (-l)\u3001TCP\/UDP\u8fde\u63a5 (-t\/-u)\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0bPID\/\u540d\u79f0 (-p)\u3001\u4e0d\u89e3\u6790\u4e3b\u673a\u540d (-n)\u3002 \u6551\u547d\u9ad8\u9891&#xff01; \u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7aef\u53e3\u5360\u7528 (ss -tulnp | grep :80)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>dig [\u57df\u540d] \/ nslookup [\u57df\u540d]&#xff1a; DNS \u67e5\u8be2\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u8bca\u65ad\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u95ee\u9898 (&#043;trace \u53ef\u8ddf\u8e2a\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>host [\u57df\u540d]&#xff1a; \u7b80\u5355\u7684 DNS \u67e5\u8be2\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>whois [\u57df\u540d\/IP]&#xff1a; \u67e5\u8be2\u57df\u540d\u6216IP\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u6709\u65f6\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u5f52\u5c5e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>hostname \/ hostnamectl (Systemd)&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>nmap [\u76ee\u6807]&#xff1a; \u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u626b\u63cf\u5668\u3002 \u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\u6216\u6392\u67e5\u672c\u673a\/\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3 (nmap localhost)\u3002\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u626b\u63cf\u4ed6\u4eba\u7f51\u7edc\u9700\u6388\u6743&#xff01;<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>tcpdump -i [\u63a5\u53e3] [\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f]&#xff1a; \u7f51\u7edc\u6293\u5305\u5206\u6790\u5229\u5668\u3002 \u8bca\u65ad\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898&#xff08;\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u4e22\u5305\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u9519\u8bef&#xff09;\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff08;\u5982 tcpdump -i eth0 host 192.168.1.100 and port 80&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>wireshark&#xff1a; \u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u6790\u5668&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883&#xff09;\u3002 tcpdump \u6293\u5305\u540e\u5e38\u5bfc\u5165\u6b64\u5904\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>nc (netcat)&#xff1a; \u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u745e\u58eb\u519b\u5200\u3002 \u53ef\u5efa\u7acbTCP\/UDP\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u626b\u63cf&#xff08;-z&#xff09;\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8c03\u8bd5\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u3002nc -zv [\u4e3b\u673a] [\u7aef\u53e3] \u5feb\u901f\u6d4b\u8bd5TCP\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>telnet [\u4e3b\u673a] [\u7aef\u53e3]&#xff1a; \u6d4b\u8bd5TCP\u7aef\u53e3\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u7b80\u5355\u4ea4\u4e92&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u6587\u672c\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;\u3002 \u8bca\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u76d1\u542c\u53ca\u521d\u6b65\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>ssh -v [\u7528\u6237]&#064;[\u4e3b\u673a]&#xff1a; \u4f7f\u7528\u8be6\u7ec6\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5SSH\u3002 \u5f53SSH\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u65f6&#xff0c;-v (\u751a\u81f3 -vvv) \u63d0\u4f9b\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>scp [\u6e90] [\u76ee\u6807]&#xff1a; \u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002 \u5728\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u4f20\u8f93\u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff09;\u65f6\u6551\u547d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>rsync -avz [\u6e90] [\u76ee\u6807]&#xff1a; \u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u6bd4 scp \u66f4\u667a\u80fd&#xff08;\u589e\u91cf\u3001\u65ad\u70b9\u7eed\u4f20&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002-a \u5f52\u6863\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;\u4fdd\u7559\u5c5e\u6027&#xff09;&#xff0c;-v \u8be6\u7ec6&#xff0c;-z \u538b\u7f29\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<h6>\u4e09\u3001 \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u6062\u590d\u66d9\u5149<\/h6>\n<li>\n<li>rm&#xff1a; \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u26a0\ufe0f \u5934\u53f7\u5371\u9669\u547d\u4ee4&#xff01; \u6c38\u8fdc\u8bb0\u4f4f&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 rm -i&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u524d\u8be2\u95ee\u786e\u8ba4&#xff08;\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350alias&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 \u7edd\u5bf9\u907f\u514d rm -rf \/ \u6216 rm -rf * (\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528 trash-cli \u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u56de\u6536\u7ad9\u201d\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>mv&#xff1a; \u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u6bd4 rm \u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u53ef\u5148 mv \u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u76ee\u5f55\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>cp&#xff1a; \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u91cd\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u5907\u4efd&#xff01;\u5907\u4efd&#xff01;\u5907\u4efd&#xff01; (cp -a \u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>lsattr [\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55]&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5c5e\u6027 (ext2\/3\/4\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>chattr &#043;i [\u6587\u4ef6]&#xff1a; \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539 (immutable)\u3002 \u6551\u547d\u9632\u62a4&#xff01; \u9632\u6b62\u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982\u811a\u672c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e&#xff09;\u88ab\u610f\u5916\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u5220\u9664\u3002chattr -i \u89e3\u9664\u3002&#043;a \u53ea\u8ffd\u52a0&#xff08;\u9002\u5408\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>touch&#xff1a; \u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002 \u6709\u65f6\u7528\u4e8e\u89e6\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>mkdir&#xff1a; \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u3002 mkdir -p \u521b\u5efa\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>find [\u8def\u5f84] [\u9009\u9879] [\u52a8\u4f5c]&#xff1a; \u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u6551\u547d\u7528\u9014&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 find \/ -name core -exec rm -f {} \\\\;&#xff1a;\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709 core dump \u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6e05\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p>*   \u2022 &#096;find \/var\/log -type f -mtime &#043;30 -delete&#096;&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664 \/var\/log \u4e0b 30 \u5929\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528&#xff01;&#xff09;\u3002<br \/>\n*   \u2022 &#096;find \/ -size &#043;100M&#096;&#xff1a;\u67e5\u627e\u5927\u4e8e 100MB \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n*   \u2022 &#096;find \/ -user nobody&#096;&#xff1a;\u67e5\u627e\u5c5e\u4e8e nobody \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\n<li>grep -r &#034;pattern&#034; [\u76ee\u5f55]&#xff1a; \u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22\u5305\u542b\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;\u6587\u672c&#xff09;\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u6551\u547d&#xff1a;\u5728\u832b\u832b\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f (grep -r error \/var\/log)\u3002-i \u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199, -n \u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7, -C 5 \u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d\u884c\u524d\u540e5\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>zgrep \/ zcat \/ zless&#xff1a; \u5904\u7406 gzip \u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6 (\\\\*.gz)\u3002 \u65e0\u9700\u89e3\u538b\u5373\u53ef\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5bb9 (zgrep error \/var\/log\/syslog*.gz)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>tail -f [\u6587\u4ef6] \/ tailf [\u6587\u4ef6]&#xff1a; \u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u65b0\u589e\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 \u76d1\u63a7\u65e5\u5fd7\u6eda\u52a8\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u64cd\u4f5c (tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>less [\u6587\u4ef6]&#xff1a; \u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u770b\u5668\u3002 \u652f\u6301\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u641c\u7d22(\/)\u3001\u8df3\u8f6c\u3001\u8ddf\u968f(F\u952e\u7c7b\u4f3ctail -f)\u3002\u6bd4 vi \u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u4fbf\u6377\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>file [\u6587\u4ef6]&#xff1a; \u68c0\u6d4b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002 \u5728\u6062\u590d\u672a\u77e5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5904\u7406\u635f\u574f\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>strings [\u6587\u4ef6]&#xff1a; \u63d0\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002 \u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982\u5d29\u6e83\u7684 core dump\u3001\u53ef\u7591\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u5bfb\u627e\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>md5sum \/ sha256sum [\u6587\u4ef6]&#xff1a; \u8ba1\u7b97\u6587\u4ef6\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u3002 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027&#xff08;\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u540e&#xff09;\u3002md5sum -c [checksum_file] \u6821\u9a8c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>tar&#xff1a; \u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5f52\u6863\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 tar -cvzf backup.tar.gz [\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55]&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u538b\u7f29\u5f52\u6863\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p>*   \u2022 &#096;tar -xvzf backup.tar.gz&#096;&#xff1a;\u89e3\u538b\u5f52\u6863\u3002<br \/>\n*   \u2022 &#096;tar -tvzf backup.tar.gz&#096;&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u5f52\u6863\u5185\u5bb9\u3002**\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u6062\u590d\u57fa\u7840\u3002**<\/p>\n<li>\n<li>gzip \/ gunzip \/ zcat&#xff1a; \u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b .gz \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>bzip2 \/ bunzip2 \/ bzcat&#xff1a; \u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u4e8e gzip&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8f83\u6162\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>xz \/ unxz \/ xzcat&#xff1a; \u9ad8\u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>dd&#xff1a; \u5757\u7ea7\u590d\u5236\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u3002 \u5a01\u529b\u5de8\u5927&#xff0c;\u5371\u9669\u5de8\u5927&#xff01; \u6551\u547d\u7528\u9014&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 dd if&#061;\/dev\/sda of&#061;disk.img bs&#061;4M status&#061;progress&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u6574\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u5907\u4efd&#xff08;\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981&#xff01;\u6062\u590d\u524d\u63d0&#xff01;&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p>*   \u2022 &#096;dd if&#061;disk.img of&#061;\/dev\/sda&#096;&#xff1a;**\u614e\u7528&#xff01;** \u4ece\u955c\u50cf\u6062\u590d\u6574\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8&#xff08;\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u76ee\u6807\u76d8\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e&#xff01;&#xff09;\u3002<br \/>\n*   \u2022 &#096;dd if&#061;\/dev\/zero of&#061;\/swapfile bs&#061;1M count&#061;2048&#096;&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efa Swap \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n*   \u2022 \u6570\u636e\u6062\u590d\u4e2d\u6709\u65f6\u7528\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u78c1\u76d8\u6247\u533a\u3002**\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u52a1\u5fc5\u518d\u4e09\u786e\u8ba4 &#096;if&#061;&#096; (\u8f93\u5165) \u548c &#096;of&#061;&#096; (\u8f93\u51fa) \u53c2\u6570&#xff01;**<\/p>\n<li>\n<li>testdisk&#xff1a; \u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5206\u533a\u8868\u6062\u590d\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u80fd\u6062\u590d\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u5206\u533a\u3001\u4fee\u590d\u635f\u574f\u7684\u5206\u533a\u8868&#xff08;FAT, exFAT, NTFS, ext2\/3\/4\u2026&#xff09;\u3002\u5206\u533a\u8bef\u5220\u540e\u7684\u5e0c\u671b&#xff01;<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>photorec (\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e testdisk \u4e00\u8d77)&#xff1a; \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6062\u590d\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u5ffd\u7565\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u78c1\u76d8\u4ecb\u8d28\u626b\u63cf\u6062\u590d\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6587\u6863\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002\u5206\u533a\u635f\u574f\/\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6700\u540e\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>extundelete (\u9488\u5bf9 ext3\/4)&#xff1a; \u5c1d\u8bd5\u6062\u590d ext3\/ext4 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u88ab rm \u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u524d\u63d0&#xff1a; \u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5220\u540e&#xff0c;\u5176\u6570\u636e\u5757\u672a\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u5199\u5165\u8be5\u5206\u533a&#xff01;\u6302\u8f7d\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 Live CD\/USB \u64cd\u4f5c\u6700\u4f73\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>debugfs (\u9488\u5bf9 ext2\/3\/4)&#xff1a; \u5f3a\u5927\u7684 ext \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u3002 \u9ad8\u624b\u7528\u4e8e\u624b\u52a8\u6062\u590d\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4fee\u590d\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u7b49\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u590d\u6742\u98ce\u9669\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<h6>\u56db\u3001 \u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u7ea0\u9519<\/h6>\n<li>\n<li>ls -l&#xff1a; \u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u7ec4\u3002 \u8bca\u65ad\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>chmod&#xff1a; \u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 \u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;chmod u&#043;rwx, g&#043;rx, o-rwx file (\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u7ec4\u52a0\u51cf\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53bb\u6389\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 \u6570\u5b57\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;chmod 755 file (rwxr-xr-x)\u3002\u6062\u590d\u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u5e38\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>chown&#xff1a; \u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\/\u6216\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3002 chown user:group file\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>chgrp&#xff1a; \u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3002 chgrp group file\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>passwd [\u7528\u6237\u540d]&#xff1a; \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u3002 \u5fd8\u8bb0\u5bc6\u7801\u6216\u91cd\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>sudo&#xff1a; \u4ee5\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5f53\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u6e90 (\/etc\/sudoers \u7528 visudo \u7f16\u8f91&#xff01;)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>su [\u7528\u6237\u540d]&#xff1a; \u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u3002 su &#8211; \u5207\u6362\u5230 root \u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>id [\u7528\u6237\u540d]&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237 UID\u3001GID \u548c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>who \/ w&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>last \/ lastb&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u5386\u53f2 (last) \u548c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u5c1d\u8bd5 (lastb)\u3002 \u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>usermod&#xff1a; \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u5c5e\u6027\u3002 \u5982\u9501\u5b9a\u89e3\u9501(-L\/-U)\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55(-d)\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u767b\u5f55Shell(-s)\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>groupmod&#xff1a; \u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>useradd \/ adduser (\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u53cb\u597d)&#xff1a; \u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>userdel \/ deluser&#xff1a; \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u3002 -r \u9009\u9879\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u90ae\u4ef6\u6c60\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>groupadd \/ addgroup&#xff1a; \u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>groupdel \/ delgroup&#xff1a; \u5220\u9664\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>visudo&#xff1a; \u5b89\u5168\u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/sudoers \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bed\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5&#xff0c;\u9632\u6b62\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u6240\u6709 sudo \u4e0d\u53ef\u7528&#xff08;\u771f\u00b7\u6551\u547d\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<h6>\u4e94\u3001 \u78c1\u76d8\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fee\u590d<\/h6>\n<li>\n<li>mount&#xff1a; \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>umount&#xff1a; \u5378\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 \u65e0\u6cd5\u5378\u8f7d\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7528 lsof \u6216 fuser -v [\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9] \u67e5\u770b\u8c01\u5728\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>fdisk -l \/ parted -l \/ lsblk&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 lsblk \u663e\u793a\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>blkid&#xff1a; \u67e5\u770b\u5757\u8bbe\u5907&#xff08;\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u5206\u533a&#xff09;\u7684UUID\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>fsck&#xff1a; \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u26a0\ufe0f \u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u672a\u6302\u8f7d\u6216\u53ea\u8bfb\u6302\u8f7d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c&#xff01; \u5e38\u7528&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 fsck \/dev\/sda1&#xff1a;\u68c0\u67e5\u4fee\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u533a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 fsck -y \/dev\/sda1&#xff1a;\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u7b54 \u201cyes\u201d \u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u590d&#xff08;\u8c28\u614e&#xff01; \u6700\u597d\u5148\u4e0d\u52a0 -y \u770b\u95ee\u9898&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 \u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8 fsck \u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u635f\u574f\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>e2fsck (\u9488\u5bf9 ext2\/3\/4)&#xff1a; ext \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u4fee\u590d\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u6bd4 fsck \u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>tune2fs (\u9488\u5bf9 ext3\/4)&#xff1a; \u8c03\u6574 ext3\/ext4 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c2\u6570\u3002 \u5982\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f3a\u5236 fsck \u95f4\u9694 (-c)\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5377\u6807 (-L)\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u4fe1\u606f (-l)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>mkfs&#xff1a; \u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;\u683c\u5f0f\u5316&#xff09;\u3002 \u26a0\ufe0f \u4f1a\u9500\u6bc1\u6570\u636e&#xff01; \u5982 mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/sdb1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>resize2fs (\u9488\u5bf9 ext2\/3\/4)&#xff1a; \u5728\u7ebf\u8c03\u6574 ext \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u5c0f&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u914d\u5408 LVM \u4f7f\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>badblocks&#xff1a; \u68c0\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u574f\u5757\u3002 badblocks -v \/dev\/sda\u3002\u53d1\u73b0\u574f\u5757\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u5373\u5c06\u6545\u969c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9884\u8b66&#xff01;<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>smartctl (smartmontools\u5305)&#xff1a; \u76d1\u63a7\u786c\u76d8 SMART \u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u3002 \u6551\u547d\u9884\u8b66&#xff01; smartctl -a \/dev\/sda \u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5173\u6ce8 Reallocated_Sector_Ct, Current_Pending_Sector, Uncorrectable_Sector_Ct \u7b49\u5173\u952e\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u8fd0\u884c (smartctl -t short\/long \/dev\/sda) \u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u68c0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<li>hdparm&#xff1a; \u83b7\u53d6\/\u8bbe\u7f6e\u786c\u76d8\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u9ad8\u7ea7&#xff09;\u3002 \u5982\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6 (hdparm -Tt \/dev\/sda)\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u64e6\u9664&#xff08;\u5371\u9669&#xff01;&#xff09;\u7b49\u3002 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/20250730143846-688a2e76997ae.jpg\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/li>\n<\/li>\n<h6>1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>uname -m \u663e\u793a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784<\/li>\n<li>uname -r \u663e\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c<\/li>\n<li>dmidecode -q \u663e\u793a\u786c\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u90e8\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>(SMBIOS \/ DMI) hdparm -i \/dev\/hda \u7f57\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u7279\u6027<\/li>\n<li>hdparm -tT \/dev\/sda \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>arch \u663e\u793a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784<\/li>\n<li>uname -m \u663e\u793a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784<\/li>\n<li>uname -r \u663e\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c<\/li>\n<li>dmidecode -q \u663e\u793a\u786c\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u90e8\u4ef6 &#8211; (SMBIOS \/ DMI)<\/li>\n<li>hdparm -i \/dev\/hda \u7f57\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u7279\u6027<\/li>\n<li>hdparm -tT \/dev\/sda \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<li>cat \/proc\/cpuinfo \u663e\u793aCPU info\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>cat \/proc\/interrupts \u663e\u793a\u4e2d\u65ad<\/li>\n<li>cat \/proc\/meminfo \u6821\u9a8c\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li>cat \/proc\/swaps \u663e\u793a\u54ea\u4e9bswap\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li>cat \/proc\/version \u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u7684\u7248\u672c<\/li>\n<li>cat \/proc\/net\/dev \u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u53ca\u7edf\u8ba1<\/li>\n<li>cat \/proc\/mounts \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>lspci -tv \u7f57\u5217 PCI \u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li>lsusb -tv \u663e\u793a USB \u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li>date \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u671f<\/li>\n<li>cal 2007 \u663e\u793a2007\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u8868<\/li>\n<li>date 041217002007.00 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4 &#8211; \u6708\u65e5\u65f6\u5206\u5e74.\u79d2<\/li>\n<li>clock -w \u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u4fee\u6539\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230 BIOS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e Spring Boot &#043; MyBatis Plus &#043; Vue &amp; Element \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf &#043; \u7528\u6237\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301 RBAC \u52a8\u6001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u591a\u79df\u6237\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6743\u9650\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u3001\u4e09\u65b9\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u3001\u77ed\u4fe1\u3001\u5546\u57ce\u7b49\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9879\u76ee\u5730\u5740&#xff1a;https:\/\/github.com\/YunaiV\/ruoyi-vue-pro<\/li>\n<li>\u89c6\u9891\u6559\u7a0b&#xff1a;https:\/\/doc.iocoder.cn\/video\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>2\u3001\u5173\u673a<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>shutdown -h now \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(1)<\/li>\n<li>init 0 \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(2)<\/li>\n<li>telinit 0 \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(3)<\/li>\n<li>shutdown -h hours:minutes &amp; \u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>shutdown -c \u53d6\u6d88\u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>shutdown -r now \u91cd\u542f(1)<\/li>\n<li>reboot \u91cd\u542f(2)<\/li>\n<li>logout \u6ce8\u9500<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e Spring Cloud Alibaba &#043; Gateway &#043; Nacos &#043; RocketMQ &#043; Vue &amp; Element \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf &#043; \u7528\u6237\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301 RBAC \u52a8\u6001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u591a\u79df\u6237\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6743\u9650\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u3001\u4e09\u65b9\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u3001\u77ed\u4fe1\u3001\u5546\u57ce\u7b49\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9879\u76ee\u5730\u5740&#xff1a;https:\/\/github.com\/YunaiV\/yudao-cloud<\/li>\n<li>\u89c6\u9891\u6559\u7a0b&#xff1a;https:\/\/doc.iocoder.cn\/video\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>3\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>cd \/home \u8fdb\u5165 \u2018\/ home\u2019 \u76ee\u5f55\u2019<\/li>\n<li>cd .. \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>cd ..\/.. \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e24\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>cd \u8fdb\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>cd ~user1 \u8fdb\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>cd &#8211; \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>pwd \u663e\u793a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<li>ls \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>ls -F \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>ls -l \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8d44\u6599<\/li>\n<li>ls -a \u663e\u793a\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>ls *[0-9]* \u663e\u793a\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d<\/li>\n<li>tree \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7531\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784(1)<\/li>\n<li>lstree \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7531\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784(2)<\/li>\n<li>mkdir dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a \u2018dir1\u2019 \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u2019<\/li>\n<li>mkdir dir1 dir2 \u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>mkdir -p \/tmp\/dir1\/dir2 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811<\/li>\n<li>rm -f file1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a \u2018file1\u2019 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u2019<\/li>\n<li>rmdir dir1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a \u2018dir1\u2019 \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u2019<\/li>\n<li>rm -rf dir1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a \u2018dir1\u2019 \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u5176\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>rm -rf dir1 dir2 \u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>mv dir1 new_dir \u91cd\u547d\u540d\/\u79fb\u52a8 \u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>cp file1 file2 \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>cp dir\/* . \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>cp -a \/tmp\/dir1 . \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>cp -a dir1 dir2 \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>ln -s file1 lnk1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>ln file1 lnk1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7269\u7406\u94fe\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>touch -t 0712250000 file1 \u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233 &#8211; (YYMMDDhhmm)<\/li>\n<li>iconv -l \u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7f16\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>4\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>find \/ -name file1 \u4ece \u2018\/\u2019 \u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>find \/ -user user1 \u641c\u7d22\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7528\u6237 \u2018user1\u2019 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>find \/home\/user1 -name \\\\*.bin \u5728\u76ee\u5f55 \u2018\/ home\/user1\u2019 \u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5e26\u6709\u2019.bin\u2019 \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>find \/usr\/bin -type f -atime &#043;100 \u641c\u7d22\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb100\u5929\u5185\u672a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>find \/usr\/bin -type f -mtime -10 \u641c\u7d22\u572810\u5929\u5185\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>find \/ -name \\\\*.rpm -exec chmod 755 &#039;{}&#039; \\\\; \u641c\u7d22\u4ee5 \u2018.rpm\u2019 \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u5176\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>find \/ -xdev -name \\\\*.rpm \u641c\u7d22\u4ee5 \u2018.rpm\u2019 \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5ffd\u7565\u5149\u9a71\u3001\u6377\u76d8\u7b49\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li>locate \\\\*.ps \u5bfb\u627e\u4ee5 \u2018.ps\u2019 \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 &#8211; \u5148\u8fd0\u884c \u2018updatedb\u2019 \u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>whereis halt \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6e90\u7801\u6216man\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>which halt \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>5\u3001\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>mount \/dev\/hda2 \/mnt\/hda2 \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ahda2\u7684\u76d8 &#8211; \u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55 \u2018\/ mnt\/hda2\u2019 \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728<\/li>\n<li>umount \/dev\/hda2 \u5378\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ahda2\u7684\u76d8 &#8211; \u5148\u4ece\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9 \u2018\/ mnt\/hda2\u2019 \u9000\u51fa<\/li>\n<li>fuser -km \/mnt\/hda2 \u5f53\u8bbe\u5907\u7e41\u5fd9\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u5378\u8f7d<\/li>\n<li>umount -n \/mnt\/hda2 \u8fd0\u884c\u5378\u8f7d\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u4e0d\u5199\u5165 \/etc\/mtab \u6587\u4ef6- \u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6216\u5f53\u78c1\u76d8\u5199\u6ee1\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528<\/li>\n<li>mount \/dev\/fd0 \/mnt\/floppy \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u76d8<\/li>\n<li>mount \/dev\/cdrom \/mnt\/cdrom \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrom\u6216dvdrom<\/li>\n<li>mount \/dev\/hdc \/mnt\/cdrecorder \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrw\u6216dvdrom<\/li>\n<li>mount \/dev\/hdb \/mnt\/cdrecorder \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrw\u6216dvdrom<\/li>\n<li>mount -o loop file.iso \/mnt\/cdrom \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216ISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>mount -t vfat \/dev\/hda5 \/mnt\/hda5 \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2aWindows FAT32\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>mount \/dev\/sda1 \/mnt\/usbdisk \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2ausb \u6377\u76d8\u6216\u95ea\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li>mount -t smbfs -o username&#061;user,password&#061;pass\/\/WinClient\/share \/mnt\/share \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2awindows\u7f51\u7edc\u5171\u4eab<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>6\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>df -h \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u533a\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<li>ls -lSr |more \u4ee5\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>du -sh dir1 \u4f30\u7b97\u76ee\u5f55 \u2018dir1\u2019 \u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u2019<\/li>\n<li>du -sk * | sort -rn \u4ee5\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u4f9d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n<li>rpm -q -a &#8211;qf &#039;%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n&#039; | sort -k1,1n \u4ee5\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u4f9d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4 (fedora, redhat\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/li>\n<li>dpkg-query -W -f&#061;&#039;${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n&#039; | sort -k1,1n \u4ee5\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u663e\u793a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684deb\u5305\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4 (ubuntu, debian\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>7\u3001\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>groupadd group_name \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>groupdel group_name \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>useradd -c &#034;Name Surname &#034; -g admin -d \/home\/user1 -s \/bin\/bash user1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u4e8e \u201cadmin\u201d \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li>useradd user1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li>userdel -r user1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237 ( \u2018-r\u2019 \u6392\u9664\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55)<\/li>\n<li>usermod -c &#034;User FTP&#034; -g system -d \/ftp\/user1 -s \/bin\/nologin user1 \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<li>passwd \u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>passwd user1 \u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4 (\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8root\u6267\u884c)<\/li>\n<li>chage -E 2005-12-31 user1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u5931\u6548\u671f\u9650<\/li>\n<li>pwck \u68c0\u67e5 \u2018\/etc\/passwd\u2019 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li>grpck \u68c0\u67e5 \u2018\/etc\/passwd\u2019 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>newgrp group_name \u767b\u9646\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>8\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>ls -lh \u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>ls \/tmp | pr -T5 -W$COLUMNS \u5c06\u7ec8\u7aef\u5212\u5206\u62105\u680f\u663e\u793a<\/li>\n<li>chmod ugo&#043;rwx directory1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba(u)\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4(g)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba(o)\u4ee5\u8bfb&#xff08;r &#xff09;\u3001\u5199(w)\u548c\u6267\u884c(x)\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chmod go-rwx directory1 \u5220\u9664\u7fa4\u7ec4(g)\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba(o)\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chown user1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<li>chown -R user1 directory1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<li>chgrp group1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>chown user1:group1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<li>find \/ -perm -u&#043;s \u7f57\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86SUID\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>chmod u&#043;s \/bin\/file1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 SUID \u4f4d &#8211; \u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chmod u-s \/bin\/file1 \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 SUID\u4f4d<\/li>\n<li>chmod g&#043;s \/home\/public \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684SGID \u4f4d &#8211; \u7c7b\u4f3cSUID &#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684<\/li>\n<li>chmod g-s \/home\/public \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 SGID \u4f4d<\/li>\n<li>chmod o&#043;t \/home\/public \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 STIKY \u4f4d &#8211; \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5408\u6cd5\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>chmod o-t \/home\/public \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 STIKY \u4f4d<\/li>\n<li>chmod &#043;x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chmod -x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5220\u9664\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chmod u&#043;x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chmod g&#043;x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chmod o&#043;x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chmod ug&#043;x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chmod &#061;wx \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u53d6\u6d88\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chmod ug&#061;wx \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u53d6\u6d88\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>9\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027<\/h6>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c&#043;\u201d \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c-\u201d \u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>chattr &#043;a file1 \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u4ee5\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>chattr &#043;c file1 \u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u80fd\u88ab\u5185\u6838\u81ea\u52a8\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b<\/li>\n<li>chattr &#043;d file1 \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5907\u4efd\u65f6&#xff0c;dump\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>chattr &#043;i file1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6216\u8005\u94fe\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>chattr &#043;s file1 \u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5220\u9664<\/li>\n<li>chattr &#043;S file1 \u4e00\u65e6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5230\u78c1\u76d8<\/li>\n<li>chattr &#043;u file1 \u82e5\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5220\u9664&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>lsattr \u663e\u793a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>10\u3001\u6253\u5305\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>bunzip2 file1.bz2 \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a &#039;file1.bz2\u2019\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>bzip2 file1 \u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a \u2018file1\u2019 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>gunzip file1.gz \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a &#039;file1.gz\u2019\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>gzip file1 \u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a &#039;file1\u2019\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>gzip -9 file1 \u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u538b\u7f29<\/li>\n<li>rar a file1.rar test_file \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a \u2018file1.rar\u2019 \u7684\u5305<\/li>\n<li>rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1 \u540c\u65f6\u538b\u7f29 \u2018file1\u2019, \u2018file2\u2019 \u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55 \u2018dir1\u2019<\/li>\n<li>rar x file1.rar \u89e3\u538brar\u5305<\/li>\n<li>unrar x file1.rar \u89e3\u538brar\u5305<\/li>\n<li>tar -cvf archive.tar file1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u538b\u7f29\u7684 tarball<\/li>\n<li>tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86 \u2018file1\u2019, \u2018file2\u2019 \u4ee5\u53ca &#039;dir1\u2019\u7684\u6863\u6848\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>tar -tf archive.tar \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>tar -xvf archive.tar \u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305<\/li>\n<li>tar -xvf archive.tar -C \/tmp \u5c06\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u91ca\u653e\u5230 \/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b<\/li>\n<li>tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2abzip2\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/li>\n<li>tar -xvfj archive.tar.bz2 \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2abzip2\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/li>\n<li>tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2agzip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/li>\n<li>tar -xvfz archive.tar.gz \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2agzip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/li>\n<li>zip file1.zip file1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/li>\n<li>zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 \u5c06\u51e0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u65f6\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/li>\n<li>unzip file1.zip \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>11\u3001RPM \u5305<\/h6>\n<p>Fedora, Redhat\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rpm -ivh package.rpm \u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/li>\n<li>rpm -ivh &#8211;nodeeps package.rpm \u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u8b66\u544a<\/li>\n<li>rpm -U package.rpm \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u4f46\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>rpm -F package.rpm \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305<\/li>\n<li>rpm -e package_name.rpm \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/li>\n<li>rpm -qa \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305<\/li>\n<li>rpm -qa | grep httpd \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \u201chttpd\u201d \u5b57\u6837\u7684rpm\u5305<\/li>\n<li>rpm -qi package_name \u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>rpm -qg &#034;System Environment\/Daemons&#034; \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684rpm\u5305<\/li>\n<li>rpm -ql package_name \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<li>rpm -qc package_name \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<li>rpm -q package_name &#8211;whatrequires \u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u5b58\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<li>rpm -q package_name &#8211;whatprovides \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u6240\u5360\u7684\u4f53\u79ef<\/li>\n<li>rpm -q package_name &#8211;scripts \u663e\u793a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\/\u5220\u9664\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u6267\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672cl<\/li>\n<li>rpm -q package_name &#8211;changelog \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u5386\u53f2<\/li>\n<li>rpm -qf \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf \u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u54ea\u4e2arpm\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b<\/li>\n<li>rpm -qp package.rpm -l \u663e\u793a\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<li>rpm &#8211;import \/media\/cdrom\/RPM-GPG-KEY \u5bfc\u5165\u516c\u94a5\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66<\/li>\n<li>rpm &#8211;checksig package.rpm \u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/li>\n<li>rpm -qa gpg-pubkey \u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709rpm\u5305\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/li>\n<li>rpm -V package_name \u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001 \u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3001MD5\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>rpm -Va \u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305- \u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li>rpm -Vp package.rpm \u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u8fd8\u672a\u5b89\u88c5<\/li>\n<li>rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio &#8211;extract &#8211;make-directories *bin* \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>rpm -ivh \/usr\/src\/redhat\/RPMS\/arch\/package.rpm \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u6e90\u7801\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u5efa\u597d\u7684\u5305<\/li>\n<li>rpmbuild &#8211;rebuild package_name.src.rpm \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u6e90\u7801\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a rpm \u5305<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>12\u3001YUM \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5347\u7ea7\u5668<\/h6>\n<p>Fedora, RedHat\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>yum install package_name \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/li>\n<li>yum localinstall package_name.rpm \u5c06\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e3a\u4f60\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>yum update package_name.rpm \u66f4\u65b0\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305<\/li>\n<li>yum update package_name \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/li>\n<li>yum remove package_name \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/li>\n<li>yum list \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5305<\/li>\n<li>yum search package_name \u5728rpm\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e2d\u641c\u5bfb\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/li>\n<li>yum clean packages \u6e05\u7406rpm\u7f13\u5b58\u5220\u9664\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u5305<\/li>\n<li>yum clean headers \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>yum clean all \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5305\u548c\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>13\u3001DEB \u5305<\/h6>\n<p>Debian, Ubuntu \u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>dpkg -i package.deb \u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305<\/li>\n<li>dpkg -r package_name \u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305<\/li>\n<li>dpkg -l \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684 deb \u5305<\/li>\n<li>dpkg -l | grep httpd \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \u201chttpd\u201d \u5b57\u6837\u7684deb\u5305<\/li>\n<li>dpkg -s package_name \u83b7\u5f97\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5305\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>dpkg -L package_name \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2adeb\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<li>dpkg &#8211;contents package.deb \u663e\u793a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<li>dpkg -S \/bin\/ping \u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u54ea\u4e2adeb\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b<\/li>\n<li>apt-get install package_name \u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305<\/li>\n<li>apt-cdrom install package_name \u4ece\u5149\u76d8\u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305<\/li>\n<li>apt-get update \u5347\u7ea7\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/li>\n<li>apt-get upgrade \u5347\u7ea7\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>apt-get remove package_name \u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2adeb\u5305<\/li>\n<li>apt-get check \u786e\u8ba4\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u6b63\u786e<\/li>\n<li>apt-get clean \u4ece\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4e2d\u6e05\u7406\u7f13\u5b58<\/li>\n<li>apt-cache search searched-package \u8fd4\u56de\u5305\u542b\u6240\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u540d\u79f0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>14\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>cat file1 \u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5411\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>tac file1 \u4ece\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u5411\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>more file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>less file1 \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e \u2018more\u2019 \u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u548c\u6b63\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<li>head -2 file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u884c<\/li>\n<li>tail -2 file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u884c<\/li>\n<li>tail -f \/var\/log\/messages \u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>15\u3001\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc&#8230;) &gt; result.txt \u5408\u5e76\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u672c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u7b80\u4ecb\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/li>\n<li>cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc&#8230;) &gt;&gt; result.txt \u5408\u5e76\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u672c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u7b80\u4ecb\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/li>\n<li>grep Aug \/var\/log\/messages \u5728\u6587\u4ef6 &#039;\/var\/log\/messages\u2019\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5173\u952e\u8bcd&#034;Aug&#034;<\/li>\n<li>grep ^Aug \/var\/log\/messages \u5728\u6587\u4ef6 &#039;\/var\/log\/messages\u2019\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4ee5&#034;Aug&#034;\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47<\/li>\n<li>grep [0-9] \/var\/log\/messages \u9009\u62e9 \u2018\/var\/log\/messages\u2019 \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u884c<\/li>\n<li>grep Aug -R \/var\/log\/* \u5728\u76ee\u5f55 \u2018\/var\/log\u2019 \u53ca\u968f\u540e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#034;Aug&#034;<\/li>\n<li>sed &#039;s\/stringa1\/stringa2\/g&#039; example.txt \u5c06example.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 \u201cstring1\u201d \u66ff\u6362\u6210 \u201cstring2\u201d<\/li>\n<li>sed &#039;\/^$\/d&#039; example.txt \u4eceexample.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u767d\u884c<\/li>\n<li>sed &#039;\/ *#\/d; \/^$\/d&#039; example.txt \u4eceexample.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u7a7a\u767d\u884c<\/li>\n<li>echo &#039;esempio&#039; | tr &#039;[:lower:]&#039; &#039;[:upper:]&#039; \u5408\u5e76\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>sed -e &#039;1d&#039; result.txt \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6example.txt \u4e2d\u6392\u9664\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c<\/li>\n<li>sed -n &#039;\/stringa1\/p&#039; \u67e5\u770b\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u8bcd\u6c47 &#034;string1&#034;\u7684\u884c<\/li>\n<li>sed -e &#039;s\/ *$\/\/&#039; example.txt \u5220\u9664\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li>sed -e &#039;s\/stringa1\/\/g&#039; example.txt \u4ece\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u8bcd\u6c47 \u201cstring1\u201d \u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u5269\u4f59\u5168\u90e8<\/li>\n<li>sed -n &#039;1,5p;5q&#039; example.txt \u67e5\u770b\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5230\u7b2c5\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>sed -n &#039;5p;5q&#039; example.txt \u67e5\u770b\u7b2c5\u884c<\/li>\n<li>sed -e &#039;s\/00*\/0\/g&#039; example.txt \u7528\u5355\u4e2a\u96f6\u66ff\u6362\u591a\u4e2a\u96f6<\/li>\n<li>cat -n file1 \u6807\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u6570<\/li>\n<li>cat example.txt | awk &#039;NR%2&#061;&#061;1&#039; \u5220\u9664example.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5076\u6570\u884c<\/li>\n<li>echo a b c | awk &#039;{print $1}&#039; \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u680f<\/li>\n<li>echo a b c | awk &#039;{print $1,$3}&#039; \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u680f<\/li>\n<li>paste file1 file2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>paste -d &#039;&#043;&#039; file1 file2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u4e2d\u95f4\u7528&#034;&#043;&#034;\u533a\u5206<\/li>\n<li>sort file1 file2 \u6392\u5e8f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>sort file1 file2 | uniq \u53d6\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e76\u96c6(\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efd)<\/li>\n<li>sort file1 file2 | uniq -u \u5220\u9664\u4ea4\u96c6&#xff0c;\u7559\u4e0b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u884c<\/li>\n<li>sort file1 file2 | uniq -d \u53d6\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6(\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6)<\/li>\n<li>comm -1 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664 \u2018file1\u2019 \u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>comm -2 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664 \u2018file2\u2019 \u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>comm -3 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u6709\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>16\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>dos2unix filedos.txt fileunix.txt \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4eceMSDOS\u8f6c\u6362\u6210UNIX<\/li>\n<li>unix2dos fileunix.txt filedos.txt \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4eceUNIX\u8f6c\u6362\u6210MSDOS<\/li>\n<li>recode ..HTML &lt; page.txt &gt; page.html \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8f6c\u6362\u6210html<\/li>\n<li>recode -l | more \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u683c\u5f0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>17\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>badblocks -v \/dev\/hda1 \u68c0\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8hda1\u4e0a\u7684\u574f\u78c1\u5757<\/li>\n<li>fsck \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0alinux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/li>\n<li>fsck.ext2 \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/li>\n<li>e2fsck \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/li>\n<li>e2fsck -j \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/li>\n<li>fsck.ext3 \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/li>\n<li>fsck.vfat \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0afat\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/li>\n<li>fsck.msdos \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0ados\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/li>\n<li>dosfsck \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0ados\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>18\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>mkfs \/dev\/hda1 \u5728hda1\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>mke2fs \/dev\/hda1 \u5728hda1\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2alinux ext2\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>mke2fs -j \/dev\/hda1 \u5728hda1\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2alinux ext3(\u65e5\u5fd7\u578b)\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>mkfs -t vfat 32 -F \/dev\/hda1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a FAT32 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>fdformat -n \/dev\/fd0 \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u76d8<\/li>\n<li>mkswap \/dev\/hda3 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aswap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>19\u3001SWAP\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>mkswap \/dev\/hda3 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aswap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>swapon \/dev\/hda3 \u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684swap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>swapon \/dev\/hda2 \/dev\/hdb3 \u542f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2aswap\u5206\u533a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>20\u3001\u5907\u4efd<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>dump -0aj -f \/tmp\/home0.bak \/home \u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a \u2018\/home\u2019 \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5907\u4efd<\/li>\n<li>dump -1aj -f \/tmp\/home0.bak \/home \u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a \u2018\/home\u2019 \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd<\/li>\n<li>restore -if \/tmp\/home0.bak \u8fd8\u539f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd<\/li>\n<li>rsync -rogpav &#8211;delete \/home \/tmp \u540c\u6b65\u4e24\u8fb9\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>rsync -rogpav -e ssh &#8211;delete \/home ip_address:\/tmp \u901a\u8fc7SSH\u901a\u9053rsync<\/li>\n<li>rsync -az -e ssh &#8211;delete ip_addr:\/home\/public \/home\/local \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>rsync -az -e ssh &#8211;delete \/home\/local ip_addr:\/home\/public \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>dd bs&#061;1M if&#061;\/dev\/hda | gzip | ssh user&#064;ip_addr &#039;dd of&#061;hda.gz&#039; \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5907\u4efd\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<li>dd if&#061;\/dev\/sda of&#061;\/tmp\/file1 \u5907\u4efd\u78c1\u76d8\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>tar -Puf backup.tar \/home\/user \u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9 \u2018\/home\/user\u2019 \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<li>( cd \/tmp\/local\/ &amp;&amp; tar c . ) | ssh -C user&#064;ip_addr &#039;cd \/home\/share\/ &amp;&amp; tar x -p&#039; \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>( tar c \/home ) | ssh -C user&#064;ip_addr &#039;cd \/home\/backup-home &amp;&amp; tar x -p&#039; \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>tar cf &#8211; . | (cd \/tmp\/backup ; tar xf &#8211; ) \u672c\u5730\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u590d\u5236\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6709\u6743\u9650\u53ca\u94fe\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>find \/home\/user1 -name &#039;*.txt&#039; | xargs cp -av &#8211;target-directory&#061;\/home\/backup\/ &#8211;parents \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u590d\u5236\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 \u2018.txt\u2019 \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>find \/var\/log -name &#039;*.log&#039; | tar cv &#8211;files-from&#061;- | bzip2 &gt; log.tar.bz2 \u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 \u2018.log\u2019 \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u505a\u6210\u4e00\u4e2abzip\u5305<\/li>\n<li>dd if&#061;\/dev\/hda of&#061;\/dev\/fd0 bs&#061;512 count&#061;1 \u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06 MBR (Master Boot Record)\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8f6f\u76d8\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c<\/li>\n<li>dd if&#061;\/dev\/fd0 of&#061;\/dev\/hda bs&#061;512 count&#061;1 \u4ece\u5df2\u7ecf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u8f6f\u76d8\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u6062\u590dMBR\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>21\u3001\u5149\u76d8<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>cdrecord -v gracetime&#061;2 dev&#061;\/dev\/cdrom -eject blank&#061;fast -force \u6e05\u7a7a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u590d\u5199\u7684\u5149\u76d8\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>mkisofs \/dev\/cdrom &gt; cd.iso \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5149\u76d8\u7684iso\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>mkisofs \/dev\/cdrom | gzip &gt; cd_iso.gz \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u4e86\u7684\u5149\u76d8iso\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>mkisofs -J -allow-leading-dots -R -V &#034;Label CD&#034; -iso-level 4 -o .\/cd.iso data_cd \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684iso\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>cdrecord -v dev&#061;\/dev\/cdrom cd.iso \u523b\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2aISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>gzip -dc cd_iso.gz | cdrecord dev&#061;\/dev\/cdrom &#8211; \u523b\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u4e86\u7684ISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>mount -o loop cd.iso \/mnt\/iso \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2aISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>cd-paranoia -B \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2aCD\u5149\u76d8\u8f6c\u5f55\u97f3\u8f68\u5230 wav \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/li>\n<li>cd-paranoia &#8212; &#034;-3&#034; \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2aCD\u5149\u76d8\u8f6c\u5f55\u97f3\u8f68\u5230 wav \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d&#xff08;\u53c2\u6570-3&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>cdrecord &#8211;scanbus \u626b\u63cf\u603b\u7ebf\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522bscsi\u901a\u9053<\/li>\n<li>dd if&#061;\/dev\/hdc | md5sum \u6821\u9a8c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684md5sum\u7f16\u7801&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u5f20 CD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>22\u3001\u7f51\u7edc<\/h6>\n<p>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u548cWIFI\u65e0\u7ebf<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ifconfig eth0 \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>ifup eth0 \u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a \u2018eth0\u2019 \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li>ifdown eth0 \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a \u2018eth0\u2019 \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li>ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 \u63a7\u5236IP\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li>ifconfig eth0 promisc \u8bbe\u7f6e \u2018eth0\u2019 \u6210\u6df7\u6742\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u55c5\u63a2\u6570\u636e\u5305 (sniffing)<\/li>\n<li>dhclient eth0 \u4ee5dhcp\u6a21\u5f0f\u542f\u7528 \u2018eth0\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>23\u3001\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>ls -a&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5305\u62ec\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>ls -l&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>ls -R&#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u663e\u793a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>ls -ld&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u94fe\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>ctrl&#043;r&#xff1a;\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u641c\u547d\u4ee4&#xff08;\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>pwd:\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>24\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>file:\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>25\u3001\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h6>\n<h6>1\u3001cp&#xff1a;\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55 cp\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff09;\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff09;<\/h6>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-r:\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>-v&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u65f6\u8981\u5728cp\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a-r\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\u5982&#xff1a;cp -r \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5939 \u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/p>\n<h6>2\u3001touch&#043;\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff1a;\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/h6>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\/\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8bb0\u5f55\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>touch * &#xff1a;\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>touch \u2013d 20040210 test&#xff1a;\u5c06test\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u6539\u4e3a20040210<\/li>\n<li>touch abc &#xff1a;\u82e5abc\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5219\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4&#xff1b;\u82e5\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5219\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>3\u3001mv \u6587\u4ef6 \u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff0c;\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3002<\/h6>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u6216\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a&#xff1a;mv [\u53c2\u6570]&lt;\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55&gt; &lt;\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55&gt;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mva.txt ..\/&#xff1a;\u5c06a.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e0a\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>mv a.txt b.txt&#xff1a;\u5c06a.txt\u6539\u540d\u4e3ab.txt<\/li>\n<li>mvdir2 ..\/&#xff1a;\u5c06dir2\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0a\u79fb\u4e00\u5c42<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>4\u3001rm&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/h6>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-i&#xff1a;\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>-r&#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u5220\u9664\u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>5\u3001mkdir &#043;\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u79f0&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff1b;<\/h6>\n<h6>6\u3001rm -r &#043;\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u79f0&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff08;\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u548c\u975e\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u90fd\u53ef\u5220\u9664&#xff09;<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>rmdir \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u79f0&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff08;\u53ea\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>7\u3001mkdir -p dir1\/dir2 &#xff1a;\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efadir1\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728dir1\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efadir2\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c; \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;dir1\/\u548cdir1\/dir2&#xff09;<\/h6>\n<h6>8\u3001rmdir \u2013p dir1\/dir2&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664dir1\u4e0b\u7684dir2\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u82e5dir1\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4e5f\u5220\u9664\u5b83<\/h6>\n<h6>9\u3001rm * &#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/h6>\n<p>-f\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\u5f3a\u8feb\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rm \u2013f *.txt&#xff1a;\u5f3a\u8feb\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u4e3atxt\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>-i\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u8be2\u95ee<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rm \u2013i * &#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u63d0\u793a&#xff1a;rm:backup:is a directory \u9047\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\u4f1a\u7565\u8fc7<\/li>\n<li>rm: remove \u2018myfiles.txt\u2019 ? Y&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4f1a\u8be2\u95ee,\u53ef\u6309Y\u6216N\u952e\u8868\u793a\u5141\u8bb8\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>-r\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664&#xff08;\u8fde\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u540c\u5220\u9664&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rm -r test &#xff1a;\u5220\u9664test\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u542btest\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>rm -r *&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09; \u4e00\u822c\u5728\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6r\u548cf\u4e00\u8d77\u7528&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u9ebb\u70e6<\/li>\n<li>rm -rf test &#xff1a;\u5f3a\u884c\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4e0d\u52a0\u8be2\u95ee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>10\u3001grep&#xff1a;\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u51fa<\/h6>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;grep[\u53c2\u6570] &lt;\u8981\u627e\u7684\u5b57\u4e32&gt; &lt;\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u5b57 \u4e32\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6&gt;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>greplinux test.txt&#xff1a;\u641c\u7d22test.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32linux\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>11\u3001ln\u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u94fe\u63a5<\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;ln [\u53c2\u6570] &lt;\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55&gt; &lt;\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55&gt;<\/p>\n<p>\u94fe\u63a5\u5206\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u201d<\/p>\n<p>1.\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ln\u2013s \/usr\/share\/do doc &#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6doc&#xff0c;\u5e76\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u5f55\/usr\/share\/do<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2.\u786c\u94fe\u63a5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ln \/usr\/share\/test hard&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6hard&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e8etest\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5e94 \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u57df\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u53c8\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5411\u5b83<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>26\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<h6>1\u3001\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>date&#096;&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u663e\u793a\u65f6\u95f4&#xff1a;&#096;&#043;%Y&#8211;%m&#8211;%d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>date -s&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>hwclock(clock)&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u65f6\u95f4(\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650)&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>cal&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5386<\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0fcal [\u53c2\u6570] \u6708\u5e74<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cal&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386 cal4 2004 &#xff1a;\u663e\u793a2004\u5e744\u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386<\/li>\n<li>cal- y 2003&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a2003\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u5386<\/li>\n<li>uptime&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>2\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>echo&#096;&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 \u8ffd\u52a0\u6587\u4ef6&#096;echo&#034;liuyazhuang&#034; &gt;&gt; liuyazhuang.txt<br \/>\ncat&#096;&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9,\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;&#096;cat[\u53c2\u6570]&lt;\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&gt;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cat test.txt&#xff1a;\u663e\u793atest.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>cat test.txt | more &#xff1a;\u9010\u9875\u663e\u793atest.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>cat test.txt &gt;&gt; test1.txt &#xff1a;\u5c06test.txt\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u9644\u52a0\u5230test1.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e<\/li>\n<li>cat test.txt test2.txt &gt;readme.txt : \u5c06test.txt\u548ctest2.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u6210readme.txt \u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>head&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5934\u51e0\u884c&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba410\u884c&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-n&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u884c\u6570\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;head -n \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>tail&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u51e0\u884c&#xff08;\u9ed8\u8ba410\u884c&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-n&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u884c\u6570<\/li>\n<li>-f&#xff1a;\u8ffd\u8e2a\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u65b0 &#xff08;\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u663e\u793a\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;tail[\u53c2\u6570]&lt;\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&gt;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>tail-10 \/etc\/passwd &#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\/etc\/passwd\/\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5012\u657010\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>tail&#043;10 \/etc\/passwd &#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\/etc\/passwd\/\u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u7b2c10\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>more&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u7ffb\u9875\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u4e0b\u7ffb\u9875&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>more\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u8981\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u9762\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u753b \u9762\u663e\u793a\u65f6\u77ac\u95f4\u5c31\u95ea\u8fc7\u53bb&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528more\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u753b\u9762\u5728\u663e\u793a\u6ee1\u4e00\u9875\u65f6\u6682\u505c&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u6309\u7a7a\u683c\u5065\u7ee7\u7eed\u663e\u793a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u9762&#xff0c;\u6216\u6309Q\u952e\u505c\u6b62\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ls -al |more&#xff1a;\u4ee5\u957f\u683c\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793aetc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;\u663e\u793a\u6ee1\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u9762\u4fbf\u6682\u505c&#xff0c;\u53ef \u6309\u7a7a\u683c\u952e\u7ee7\u7eed\u663e\u793a\u4e0b\u4e00\u753b\u9762&#xff0c;\u6216\u6309Q\u952e\u8df3\u79bb<\/p>\n<p>less&#xff1a;\u7ffb\u9875\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ffb\u9875&#xff09;\u6309\u4e0b\u4e0a\u952e\u5206\u9875&#xff0c;\u6309q\u9000\u51fa\u3001\u2018<\/p>\n<p>less\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0emore\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6d4f\u89c8\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u9875\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6240\u4e0d\u540c \u7684\u662fless \u547d\u4ee4\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7a7a\u683c\u952e\u5411\u4e0b\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5916&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u952e\u6765\u5377\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5f53\u8981\u7ed3\u675f\u6d4f\u89c8\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u5728less\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u201c&#xff1a;\u201d\u4e0b\u6309Q\u952e\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ls -al | less&#xff1a;\u4ee5\u957f\u683c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u6309\u4e0a\u4e0b\u952e\u6d4f\u89c8\u6216\u6309Q\u952e\u8df3\u79bb<\/p>\n<h6>3\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Ispci&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770bPCI\u8bbe\u5907 -v&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>Isusb&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770bUSB\u8bbe\u5907 -v&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>Ismod&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757(\u9a71\u52a8)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>4\u3001\u5f52\u6863\u3001\u538b\u7f29<\/h6>\n<p>zip&#xff1a;\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6 zip liuyazhuang.zip myfile \u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a&#xff1a;\u201czip \u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684zip\u6587\u4ef6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u201d<\/p>\n<p>unzip&#096;&#xff1a;\u89e3\u538b\u6587\u4ef6 &#096;unzip liuyazhuang.zip<\/p>\n<p>gzip&#xff1a;\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6 gzip \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<p>tar&#xff1a;\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>tar -cvf out.tar liuyazhuang \u6253\u5305\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f52\u6863&#xff08;\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6&#034;liuyazhuang&#034;\u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f52\u6863&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>tar -xvf liuyazhuang.tar \u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f52\u6863&#xff08;\u91ca\u653eliuyazhuang.tar\u5f52\u6863&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-z&#xff1a;\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u5f52\u6863\u540e\u7684\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884cgzip\u538b\u7f29\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-c&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0tar\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>-v&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>-f&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/li>\n<li>-z&#xff1a;\u8c03\u7528gzip\u538b\u7f29\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29<\/li>\n<li>-t&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>-x&#xff1a;\u89e3\u5f00tar\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>tar -cvf test.tar *&#xff1a;\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5305\u6210test.tar&#xff0c;\u6269\u5c55\u540d.tar\u9700\u81ea\u884c\u52a0\u4e0a<\/p>\n<p>tar -zcvf test.tar.gz *&#xff1a;\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5305\u6210test.tar&#xff0c;\u518d\u7528gzip\u547d\u4ee4\u538b\u7f29<\/p>\n<p>tar -tf test.tar &#xff1a;\u67e5\u770btest.tar\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>tar -xvf test.tar \u5c06test.tar\u89e3\u5f00<\/p>\n<p>tar -zxvf foo.tar.gz \u89e3\u538b\u7f29<\/p>\n<p>gzip\u548cgunzip\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>gziptest.txt &#xff1a;\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>gizp\u2013l test.txt.gz&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u538b\u7f29\u7387<\/p>\n<h6>5\u3001\u67e5\u627e<\/h6>\n<p>locate&#xff1a;\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6bcf\u5929\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21&#xff0c;\u53ef\u7528updatedb\u547d\u4ee4\u624b\u5de5\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<p>find\u67e5\u627e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u67e5\u627e\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>find . -name *liuyazhuang* \u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u542b\u6709&#034;liuyazhuang&#034;\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>find \/ -name *.conf \u67e5\u627e\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff08;\u6574\u4e2a\u786c\u76d8&#xff09;\u4e0b\u540e\u7f00\u4e3a.conf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>find \/ -perm 777 \u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u6743\u9650\u662f777\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>find \/ -type d \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>find\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u7528\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;find [&lt;\u8def\u5f84&gt;] [\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>find \/ -name httpd.conf \u641c\u7d22\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u4e3ahttpd.conf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>6\u3001ctrl&#043;c :\u7ec8\u6b62\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<h6>7\u3001who\u6216w\u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;who\/w[\u53c2\u6570]<\/p>\n<h6>8\u3001dmesg\u547d\u4ee4 \u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bca\u65ad\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u4fe1\u606f<\/h6>\n<h6>9\u3001df\u547d\u4ee4 \u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u7684\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/h6>\n<h6>10\u3001du\u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5404\u7ea7\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;du [\u53c2\u6570] &lt;\u76ee\u5f55\u540d&gt;<\/p>\n<h6>11\u3001free\u547d\u4ee4<\/h6>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff09;\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n<h6>27\u3001VIM<\/h6>\n<p>VIM \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668&#xff0c;\u5728 Linux \u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7 vim \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8 vim\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528 vim &#043; \u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528vim\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5219 vim \u6253\u5f00\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5219 vim \u65b0\u5efa\u5e76\u6253\u5f00\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>q&#xff1a;\u9000\u51favim\u7f16\u8f91\u5668<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>VIM\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>vim\u62e5\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>1&#xff09;\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>vim\u542f\u52a8\u540e&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fdb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4efb\u4f55\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7esc\u952e\u56de\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u6309\u51e0\u6b21&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u952e\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u7c98\u8d34\u3001\u64a4\u9500\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u547d\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>i&#xff1a;\u5728\u5149\u6807\u524d\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>o&#xff1a;\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u4e0b\u9762\u63d2\u5165\u65b0\u884c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>dd&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u6574\u884c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>yy&#xff1a;\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5165\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff08;\u590d\u5236\u5f53\u524d\u884c&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>n&#043;yy&#xff1a;\u5c06n\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5165\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff08;\u590d\u5236n\u884c&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>p&#xff1a;\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u653e\u5165\u5149\u6807\u540e&#xff08;\u7c98\u8d34&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>u&#xff1a;\u64a4\u9500\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<li>r&#xff1a;\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li>\/&#xff1a;\u67e5\u627e\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2&#xff09;\u63d2\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6309 \u201c i \u201c\u952e&#xff0c;\u5373\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165\u63d2\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528esc\u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3&#xff09;ex\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6309\u201d : \u201c\u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165ex\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5149\u6807\u4f1a\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5e95\u90e8&#xff0c;\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u9000\u51favim\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ex\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>:w \u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4fee\u6539<\/li>\n<li>:q \u9000\u51fa<\/li>\n<li>:wq! \u5f3a\u5236\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u5b58\u4fee\u6539<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\ude21 \u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e:wq<\/li>\n<li>:set number \u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>:! \u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4 \u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n<li>:sh \u5207\u6362\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u884c&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528ctrl&#043;d\u5207\u6362\u56devim<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>28\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4(RPM)<\/h6>\n<h6>1\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u5b89\u88c5<\/h6>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528RPM\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u653e\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f&#xff1a;rpm \u2013ivh wu-ftpd-2.6.2-8.i386.rpm<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>i&#xff1a;\u4f5c\u7528rpm\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;<\/li>\n<li>v: \u6821\u9a8c\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;<\/li>\n<li>h: \u4ee5&#xff03;\u53f7\u663e\u793a\u5b89\u88c5\u8fdb\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>2\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u5220\u9664<\/h6>\n<p>\u5220\u9664\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5168\u90e8\u5220\u9664&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5df2\u66f4\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5220\u9664RPM\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;rpm -e wu-ftpd<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u91cc\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u540d\u201cwu-ftpd\u201d\u6216wu-ftpd-2.6.2-8\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u521d\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u540d.wu-ftpd-2.6.2-8.i386.rpm<\/p>\n<h6>3\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5347\u7ea7<\/h6>\n<p>\u5347\u7ea7\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u5b89\u88c5\u7528\u6237\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305&#xff0c;\u5347\u7ea7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;rpm -Uvh wu-ftpd-2.6.2-8.i386.rpm<\/p>\n<h6>4\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u66f4\u65b0<\/h6>\n<p>\u66f4\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b&#xff0c;rpm\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u662f\u5426\u6bd4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u539f\u6709\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60c5\u51b5\u5c5e\u5b9e&#xff0c;rpm\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305&#xff1b;\u53cd\u4e4b&#xff0c;\u82e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u8f83\u65e7\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;rpm\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b89\u88c5\u6b64\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5347\u7ea7\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8f83\u65e7\u7684\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;rpm\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b89\u88c5\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rpm \u2013Fvhwu-ftpd-2.6.2-8.i386.rpm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>5\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u67e5\u8be2<\/h6>\n<p>\u82e5\u8981\u83b7\u53d6RPM\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u67e5\u8be2\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528-q\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>rpm \u2013q wu-ftpd<\/p>\n<p>\u67e5\u8be2\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u6240\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>rpm \u2013ql package-name<\/p>\n<p>rpm \u2013ql xv (l\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868)<\/p>\n<h5>\u5173\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u6280\u672f\u50a8\u5907<\/h5>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fd8\u662f\u611f\u5174\u8da3&#xff08;\u9ed1\u5ba2&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u672a\u6765\u804c\u4e1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u4e0a\u4e0a\u4e4b\u9009&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u5b66\u4e60\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u51c6\u5907\u5b66\u4e60\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168&#xff08;\u9ed1\u5ba2&#xff09;\u6216\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u7528\u5f97\u4e0a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf \u246120\u4efd\u6e17\u900f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7535\u5b50\u4e66 \u2462\u5b89\u5168\u653b\u9632357\u9875\u7b14\u8bb0 \u246350\u4efd\u5b89\u5168\u653b\u9632\u9762\u8bd5\u6307\u5357 \u2464\u5b89\u5168\u7ea2\u961f\u6e17\u900f\u5de5\u5177\u5305 \u2465\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u5fc5\u5907\u4e66\u7c4d \u2466100\u4e2a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b \u2467\u5b89\u5168\u5927\u5382\u5185\u90e8\u89c6\u9891\u8d44\u6e90 \u2468\u5386\u5e74CTF\u593a\u65d7\u8d5b\u9898\u89e3\u6790<\/p>\n<h6>\u4e00\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168&#xff08;\u9ed1\u5ba2&#xff09;\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf<\/h6>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168&#xff08;\u9ed1\u5ba2&#xff09;\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u5f62\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u6240\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u6c47\u603b&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u5904\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u53bb\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u5f97\u8f83\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/20250730143850-688a2e7a10e43.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>\u4e8c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u6559\u7a0b\u89c6\u9891<\/h6>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u770b\u89c6\u9891\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u5149\u52a8\u773c\u52a8\u8111\u4e0d\u52a8\u624b&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u8f83\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd0\u7528\u5b83\u4eec&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u7ec3\u624b\u9879\u76ee\u5c31\u5f88\u9002\u5408\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/20250730143900-688a2e8429fab.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>\u4e09\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168CTF\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b<\/h6>\n<p>\u5149\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u6ca1\u7528\u7684&#xff0c;\u8981\u5b66\u4f1a\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u8d77\u6572&#xff0c;\u8981\u52a8\u624b\u5b9e\u64cd&#xff0c;\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6240\u5b66\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u5f53\u4e2d\u53bb&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u662fCTF&amp;SRC\u8d44\u6599&amp;HW\u8d44\u6599&#xff0c;\u6bd5\u7adf\u5b9e\u6218\u662f\u68c0\u9a8c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u561b~<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/20250730143900-688a2e84a9854.png\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>\u56db\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u9762\u8bd5\u9898<\/h6>\n<p>\u6700\u540e&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\u7684&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e34\u95e8\u4e00\u811a\u5c31\u662f\u54b1\u4eec\u7684\u9762\u8bd5\u9898\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u9762\u8bd5\u9898\u677f\u5757\u662f\u54b1\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5728\u9762\u8bd5\u671f\u95f4\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/20250730143902-688a2e86e059c.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7f51\u5b89\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u96be&#xff0c;\u96be\u7684\u662f\u575a\u6301\u548c\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1&#xff0c;\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\u65e2\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u9009\u5b9a\u7f51\u5b89\u4f60\u5c31\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83&#xff0c;\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4f60\u65e5\u540e\u8fdb\u9636\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6e20\u9053&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6837\u81ea\u5df1\u624d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60&#xff0c;\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u78b0\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u673a\u4f1a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u4eba&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u4eba\u548c\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u667a\u5546&#xff0c;\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u4e1a\u4f59\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u60f3\u5b66\u4e60&#xff0c;\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u59cb\u90fd\u4e0d\u665a&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fd9\u62c5\u5fc3\u90a3&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u52aa\u529b&#xff0c;\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4ea4\u7ed9\u65f6\u95f4&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4efd\u5b8c\u6574\u7248\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6599\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0a\u4f20CSDN&#xff0c;\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u5fae\u4fe1\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9CSDN\u5b98\u65b9\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u514d\u8d39\u9886\u53d6\u3010\u4fdd\u8bc1100%\u514d\u8d39\u3011<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/20250730143903-688a2e87742b2.jpg\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb254\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e5\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf5\u6b21\u3002\u673a\u4f1a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u7f51\u5b89\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u96be\uff0c\u96be\u7684\u662f\u575a\u6301\u548c\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\u65e2\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u9009\u5b9a\u7f51\u5b89\u4f60\u5c31\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4f60\u65e5\u540e\u8fdb\u9636\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u81ea\u5df1\u624d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u78b0\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002vim\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fdb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7esc\u952e\u56de\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u6309\u51e0\u6b21\uff09\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u952e\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u7c98\u8d34\u3001\u64a4\u9500\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\uff08\u9ed1\u5ba2\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u6240\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u5904\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u53bb\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u5f97\u8f83\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":50264,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,177,2591,43,122,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-50271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-linux","tag-177","tag-2591","tag-43","tag-122","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u7406\u5927\u5168\uff1a\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c31\u591f\u4e86 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u7406\u5927\u5168\uff1a\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c31\u591f\u4e86 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb254\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e5\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf5\u6b21\u3002\u673a\u4f1a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u7f51\u5b89\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u96be\uff0c\u96be\u7684\u662f\u575a\u6301\u548c\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\u65e2\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u9009\u5b9a\u7f51\u5b89\u4f60\u5c31\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4f60\u65e5\u540e\u8fdb\u9636\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u81ea\u5df1\u624d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u78b0\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002vim\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fdb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7esc\u952e\u56de\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u6309\u51e0\u6b21\uff09\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u952e\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u7c98\u8d34\u3001\u64a4\u9500\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\uff08\u9ed1\u5ba2\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u6240\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u5904\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u53bb\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u5f97\u8f83\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u3002\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-07-30T14:39:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/20250730143846-688a2e762fe72.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"22 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html\",\"name\":\"Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u7406\u5927\u5168\uff1a\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c31\u591f\u4e86 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-30T14:39:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-30T14:39:05+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9875\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u7406\u5927\u5168\uff1a\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/\",\"name\":\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\",\"description\":\"\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668_\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u8baf_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6559\u7a0b\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/wp.wsisp.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/author\/admin\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u7406\u5927\u5168\uff1a\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c31\u591f\u4e86 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u7406\u5927\u5168\uff1a\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c31\u591f\u4e86 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","og_description":"\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb254\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e5\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf5\u6b21\u3002\u673a\u4f1a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u7f51\u5b89\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u96be\uff0c\u96be\u7684\u662f\u575a\u6301\u548c\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\u65e2\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u9009\u5b9a\u7f51\u5b89\u4f60\u5c31\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4f60\u65e5\u540e\u8fdb\u9636\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u81ea\u5df1\u624d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u78b0\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002vim\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fdb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7esc\u952e\u56de\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u6309\u51e0\u6b21\uff09\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u952e\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u7c98\u8d34\u3001\u64a4\u9500\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\uff08\u9ed1\u5ba2\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u6240\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u5904\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u53bb\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u5f97\u8f83\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u3002","og_url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html","og_site_name":"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","article_published_time":"2025-07-30T14:39:05+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/20250730143846-688a2e762fe72.jpg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u4f5c\u8005":"admin","\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4":"22 \u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html","url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html","name":"Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u7406\u5927\u5168\uff1a\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c31\u591f\u4e86 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-07-30T14:39:05+00:00","dateModified":"2025-07-30T14:39:05+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50271.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u9996\u9875","item":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u7406\u5927\u5168\uff1a\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c31\u591f\u4e86"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/","name":"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","description":"\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668_\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u8baf_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6559\u7a0b","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery","contentUrl":"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/wp.wsisp.com"],"url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/author\/admin"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50271"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50271\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50271"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=50271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}