\u8fd9\u79cd\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a \u4e09\u8def\u5212\u5206（3-way partitioning），\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \u4e09\u4e2a\u6307\u9488（\u6216\u533a\u95f4\u8fb9\u754c） \u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e09\u4e2a\u533a\u57df：<\/p>\n
- \n
- lt：\u6307\u5411\u201c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u533a\u201d\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c（\u5373\u5c0f\u4e8e pivot \u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e）<\/li>\n
- gt：\u6307\u5411\u201c\u5927\u4e8e\u533a\u201d\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c（\u5373\u5927\u4e8e pivot \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e）<\/li>\n
- i：\u5f53\u524d\u904d\u5386\u6307\u9488，\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u626b\u63cf\u6570\u7ec4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u65f6：<\/p>\n
- \n
- lt = -1（\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a）<\/li>\n
- gt = n（\u5373\u00a0gt = 8，\u8868\u793a\u5927\u4e8e\u533a\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 8 \u5f00\u59cb，\u4e5f\u4e3a\u7a7a）<\/li>\n
- i = 0（\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5 pivot = 3 \u4e3a\u4f8b，\u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386（i < gt \u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed）：<\/p>\n
\u904d\u5386\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u5982\u679c arr[i] < pivot：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u5c06\u00a0arr[i]\u00a0\u4e0e\u00a0arr[lt + 1]\u00a0\u4ea4\u6362（\u6269\u5c55\u5c0f\u4e8e\u533a）<\/li>\n
- lt++<\/li>\n
- i++<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5982\u679c arr[i] == pivot：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u6362，\u76f4\u63a5\u00a0i++（\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u533a\u57df）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u5982\u679c arr[i] > pivot：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u5c06\u00a0arr[i]\u00a0\u4e0e\u00a0arr[gt – 1]\u00a0\u4ea4\u6362（\u6269\u5c55\u5927\u4e8e\u533a）<\/li>\n
- gt–<\/li>\n
- \u6ce8\u610f：\u6b64\u65f6\u00a0i\u00a0\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0，\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u53f3\u8fb9\u6362\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u8fd8\u672a\u68c0\u67e5！<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e：<\/p>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u6570\u7ec4：[2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5, 2, 3]，pivot = 3<\/p>\n
\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u8def\u5212\u5206\u540e，\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u7c7b\u4f3c： [2, 1, 2, 3, 7, 6, 5, 4]
\n（\u524d\u9762\u662f <3 \u7684，\u4e2d\u95f4\u662f =3 \u7684，\u540e\u9762\u662f >3 \u7684）<\/p>\n\u6700\u7ec8，lt \u548c gt \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7b49\u4e8e pivot \u7684\u503c，\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u9012\u5f52\u5904\u7406\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u624d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u79f0\u4e3a \u5206\u533a（Partition）\u3002
\n\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u662f：\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u503c（pivot），\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217，\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u533a\u57df：<\/p>\n- \n
- \u5de6\u4fa7：\u6240\u6709\u00a0\u5c0f\u4e8e pivot\u00a0\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n
- \u4e2d\u95f4：\u6240\u6709\u00a0\u7b49\u4e8e pivot\u00a0\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n
- \u53f3\u4fa7：\u6240\u6709\u00a0\u5927\u4e8e pivot\u00a0\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u4e2d\u95f4\u533a\u57df（\u5373\u6240\u6709\u7b49\u4e8e pivot \u7684\u5143\u7d20）\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u4e8e\u6700\u7ec8\u6392\u5e8f\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u65e0\u9700\u518d\u6b21\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5bf9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u533a\u201d\u548c\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u201c\u5927\u4e8e\u533a\u201d\u91cd\u590d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5206\u533a\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5c31\u80fd\u9010\u6b65\u4f7f\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6709\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bd5\u60f3，\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u533a\u201d\u4e5f\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u503c，\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e09\u8def\u5206\u533a；
\n\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u201c\u5927\u4e8e\u533a\u201d\u4e5f\u5982\u6b64\u5904\u7406；
\n\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5728\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u968f\u7740\u9012\u5f52\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165，\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u9010\u6e10\u7f29\u5c0f，\u76f4\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 0 \u6216 1 \u2014\u2014 \u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u9010\u5c42\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6，\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e5f\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n
#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n
void swap(int *a, int *b)
\n{
\n int temp = *a;
\n *a = *b;
\n *b = temp;
\n}<\/p>\nvoid quickSort(int *nums, int low, int high)
\n{
\n if (low >= high)
\n return;<\/p>\nint pivot = nums[low];
\n int lt = low;
\n int gt = high;
\n int i = low + 1;<\/p>\nwhile (i <= gt){
\n if (nums[i] < pivot){
\n swap(&nums[lt], &nums[i]);
\n lt++;
\n i++;
\n }
\n else if (nums[i] > pivot){
\n swap(&nums[gt], &nums[i]);
\n gt–;
\n \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc i \u4e0d\u589e\u52a0，\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u6362\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u6570\u7684\u5927\u5c0f
\n }
\n else{
\n i++;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\nquickSort(nums, low, lt – 1);
\n quickSort(nums, gt + 1, high);
\n}<\/p>\nint main()
\n{
\n int nums[] = {4,3,2,2,5,6,7,5,3,3,2,1,4};
\n int len = sizeof(nums) \/ sizeof(int);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f
\n quickSort(nums, 0, len – 1);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6253\u5370\u8f93\u51fa
\n for (int i = 0; i < len; i++){
\n printf("%d ", nums[i]);
\n }
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\n\u53cc\u8fb9\u626b\u63cf\u5feb\u6392：\u539f\u7406\u4ecb\u7ecd（\u901a\u7528\u7b80\u6d01\u5199\u6cd5）<\/h3>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u3001\u76f4\u89c2\u3001\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0，\u9002\u5408\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5982\u4e09\u8def\u5feb\u6392\u9ad8\u6548，\u4f46\u4ee3\u7801\u7b80\u6d01，\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5de6\u4fa7\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a pivot，\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488 left \u548c right \u4ece\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\u5411\u4e2d\u95f4\u626b\u63cf：<\/p>\n
- \n
- right\u00a0\u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e pivot \u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n
- left\u00a0\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e pivot \u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n
- \u627e\u5230\u540e\u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8005\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n
- \u76f4\u5230\u00a0left >= right<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u675f\u540e，left（\u6216 right）\u6307\u5411\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c31\u662f pivot \u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5c06 nums[left] \u4e0e nums[low]（\u539f\u59cb pivot）\u4ea4\u6362，\u5b8c\u6210\u5206\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u968f\u540e\u9012\u5f52\u5904\u7406 left \u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n
#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n
void swap(int *a, int *b)
\n{
\n int temp = *a;
\n *a = *b;
\n *b = temp;
\n}<\/p>\nvoid quickSort(int *nums, int low, int high)
\n{
\n if (low >= high)
\n return;<\/p>\nint pivot = nums[low];
\n int left = low;
\n int right = high;<\/p>\nwhile (left < right){
\n while (left < right && nums[right] >= pivot)
\n right–;<\/p>\nwhile (left < right && nums[left] <= pivot)
\n left++;<\/p>\nif (left < right)
\n swap(&nums[left], &nums[right]);
\n }<\/p>\nswap(&nums[left], &nums[low]);
\n quickSort(nums, low, left – 1);
\n quickSort(nums, left + 1, high);
\n}<\/p>\nint main()
\n{
\n int nums[] = {2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5, 2, 3};
\n int len = sizeof(nums) \/ sizeof(int);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f
\n quickSort(nums, 0, len – 1);<\/p>\nfor (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
\n printf("%d ", nums[i]);<\/p>\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u6392\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/20250730142629-688a2b95376e0.png\")
<\/p>\n
\n\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n
\u524d\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5feb\u6392\u5199\u6cd5，\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u9009\u7684（\u6bd4\u5982\u9009\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20）\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8，\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5e8f\u6216\u8005\u7279\u5b9a\u6392\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u6bcf\u6b21\u5212\u5206\u90fd\u6781\u4e0d\u5747\u8861，\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d，\u6700\u574f\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9000\u5316\u5230 O(n\u00b2)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8fdb\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u5f0f，\u8ba9\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u201c\u806a\u660e\u201d\u3001\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d：\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20，\u9009\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6，\u907f\u514d\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n
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