{"id":50112,"date":"2025-07-30T21:27:21","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T13:27:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50112.html"},"modified":"2025-07-30T21:27:21","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T13:27:21","slug":"python-%e5%8d%95%e4%be%8b%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e4%b8%8e%e5%85%83%e7%b1%bb%ef%bc%9a%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%87%e4%bb%a3%e7%a0%81%e8%b4%a8%e9%87%8f%e7%9a%84%e5%85%b3%e9%94%ae%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/50112.html","title":{"rendered":"Python \u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5143\u7c7b\uff1a\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f：\u786e\u4fdd\u5168\u5c40\u552f\u4e00\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/p>\n

1.\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n

2.\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n

3.\u5143\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5143\u7c7b：\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b<\/p>\n

1.\u5143\u7c7b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406：<\/p>\n

2.\u5143\u7c7b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n

3.\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5143\u7c7b：<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5143\u7c7b\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b：\u57fa\u4e8e\u5355\u4f8b\u548c\u5143\u7c7b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u603b\u7ebf<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n

\n

\u5728 Python \u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5143\u7c7b\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6982\u5ff5，\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898，\u4f46\u90fd\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6280\u672f，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5408\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f：\u786e\u4fdd\u5168\u5c40\u552f\u4e00\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u5efa\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5b83\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u8bbf\u95ee\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u6216\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f？<\/p>\n

1.\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60：\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

2.\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u5668：\u7edf\u4e00\u914d\u7f6e\u8bfb\u53d6<\/p>\n

3.\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668：\u96c6\u4e2d\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

1.\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

class Life:
\n __instance = None<\/p>\n

def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
\n if cls.__instance is None:
\n cls.__instance = super().__new__(cls)
\n return cls.__instance<\/p>\n

class Animal(Life):
\n pass<\/p>\n

l1 = Life()
\nprint(id(l1))
\nl2 = Life()
\nprint(id(l2))<\/p>\n

# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c
\nprint(l1 is l2)<\/p>\n

a1 = Animal()
\nprint(id(a1))
\na2 = Animal()
\nprint(id(a2))<\/p>\n

# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c
\nprint(a1 is a2) <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2.\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

def fun1(cls):
\n print(cls.__name__,callable(cls))
\n instance = {}
\n def fun2():
\n if cls not in instance:
\n instance[cls] = cls()<\/p>\n

return fun2<\/p>\n

@fun1
\nclass Dog:
\n pass<\/p>\n

d1 = Dog()
\nd2 = Dog()
\nprint(d1 is d2) <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3.\u5143\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

class AManage(type):
\n _instances = {} # \u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u5b58\u50a8\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/p>\n

def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
\n if cls not in cls._instances:
\n cls._instances[cls] = super().__call__()
\n return cls._instances[cls]<\/p>\n

class A(metaclass=AManage):
\n pass<\/p>\n

am1 = A()
\nam2 = A()
\nprint(am1 is am2) <\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5143\u7c7b：\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b<\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5143\u7c7b\u662f Python \u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u4f46\u8f83\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4，\u5143\u7c7b\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\u3002\u5728 Python \u4e2d，type\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5143\u7c7b，\u5f53\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u65f6，Python \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528type\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u5143\u7c7b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406：<\/h4>\n

1.\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6，Python \u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u5143\u7c7b\u7684__new__\u548c__init__\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

2.\u5143\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e6\u622a\u7c7b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

3.\u5143\u7c7b\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a，\u5982\u81ea\u52a8\u6ce8\u518c\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u68c0\u67e5\u7b49<\/p>\n

2.\u5143\u7c7b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f：<\/h4>\n

1.ORM \u6846\u67b6（\u5982 Django）：\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b<\/p>\n

2.\u63d2\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf：\u81ea\u52a8\u6ce8\u518c\u63d2\u4ef6<\/p>\n

3.\u63a5\u53e3\u5f3a\u5236：\u786e\u4fdd\u5b50\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

3.\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5143\u7c7b：<\/h4>\n

"""
\n\u5143\u7c7b：
\n\u7528\u4e8e\u62e6\u622a\u5e76\u4e14\u52a0\u5de5\u7c7b\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n

type\u4f5c\u7528
\n1.\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u578b
\n2.\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b（\u5143\u7c7b）
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u7c7b\u540d
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u7236\u7c7b\u5217\u8868
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u7c7b\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\n"""
\nclass A:
\n pass<\/p>\n

mya = type("A",(object,),{"__doc__":"\u901a\u8fc7type\u624b\u52a8\u521b\u5efa"})
\nprint(mya.__name__,callable(mya))
\nprint(mya.__doc__)<\/p>\n

class MyType(type):
\n def __new__(cls,name,bases,dic):
\n temp = {}
\n for k,v in dic.items():
\n if not k.startswith("__"):
\n temp[k.lower()] = v
\n else:
\n temp[k] = v
\n print(temp)
\n instantiate = super().__new__(cls,name,bases,temp)
\n print(id(instantiate))
\n return instantiate<\/p>\n

class Animal(metaclass=MyType):
\n INFO = "hello"
\n pass<\/p>\n

print(id(A)) <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5143\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u8f6c\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5355\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5143\u7c7b\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5c06\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5143\u7c7b\u7ed3\u5408，\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u52a0\u4f18\u96c5\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5355\u4f8b\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ee3\u7801\u7b80\u6d01，\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5355\u4f8b\u5143\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n

import threading<\/p>\n

class ThreadSafeSingletonMeta(type):
\n _instances = {}
\n _lock = threading.Lock()<\/p>\n

def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
\n # \u53cc\u91cd\u68c0\u67e5\u9501\u5b9a，\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd
\n if cls not in cls._instances:
\n with cls._lock:
\n if cls not in cls._instances:
\n cls._instances[cls] = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
\n return cls._instances[cls]<\/p>\n

class AppConfig(metaclass=ThreadSafeSingletonMeta):
\n def __init__(self):
\n # \u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e
\n self.config = {"debug": False, "port": 8080}<\/p>\n

def get(self, key):
\n return self.config.get(key) <\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b：\u57fa\u4e8e\u5355\u4f8b\u548c\u5143\u7c7b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u603b\u7ebf<\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u603b\u7ebf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f，\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u95f4\u7684\u89e3\u8026\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5355\u4f8b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u603b\u7ebf：<\/p>\n

class EventBusMeta(type):
\n _instances = {}<\/p>\n

def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
\n if cls not in cls._instances:
\n cls._instances[cls] = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
\n return cls._instances[cls]<\/p>\n

class EventBus(metaclass=EventBusMeta):
\n def __init__(self):
\n self._subscribers = {}<\/p>\n

def subscribe(self, event_type, callback):
\n if event_type not in self._subscribers:
\n self._subscribers[event_type] = []
\n self._subscribers[event_type].append(callback)<\/p>\n

def publish(self, event_type, *args, **kwargs):
\n if event_type in self._subscribers:
\n for callback in self._subscribers[event_type]:
\n callback(*args, **kwargs)<\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nevent_bus = EventBus()<\/p>\n

def on_user_login(username):
\n print(f"\u7528\u6237 {username} \u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f")<\/p>\n

event_bus.subscribe("user_login", on_user_login)
\nevent_bus.publish("user_login", "doubao") <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n
  • \n

    \u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u4f8b：\u5355\u4f8b\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001，\u589e\u52a0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96be\u5ea6\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u8026\u5408<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5143\u7c7b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6：\u5143\u7c7b\u662f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027，\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528，\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u7801\u7b80\u6d01<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168：\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u786e\u4fdd\u5355\u4f8b\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848：\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6bd4\u5355\u4f8b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

    \u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5143\u7c7b\u662f Python \u4e2d\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177，\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u548c\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027，\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u907f\u514d\u6ee5\u7528\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6982\u5ff5，\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5199\u51fa\u66f4\u52a0\u4e13\u4e1a\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 Python \u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5143\u7c7b\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9！\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7591\u95ee\u6216\u5efa\u8bae，\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u7559\u8a00\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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