{"id":49998,"date":"2025-07-30T20:52:30","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T12:52:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/49998.html"},"modified":"2025-07-30T20:52:30","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T12:52:30","slug":"c%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80-%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e7%a9%ba%e9%97%b4%e7%9b%b8%e5%85%b3%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%ef%bc%88malloc%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e3%80%81free%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e3%80%81realloc%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/49998.html","title":{"rendered":"C\u8bed\u8a00---\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u51fd\u6570\uff08malloc\u51fd\u6570\u3001free\u51fd\u6570\u3001realloc\u51fd\u6570\u3001calloc\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u3001\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 1\u3001malloc \u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f：malloc（ n * sizeof(\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b)）\u3002\u5176\u4e2d n \u4e3a\u8be5\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570；n * sizeof(\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b) \u4e3a\u8be5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6240\u5360\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 malloc \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u6765\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u5730\u5740\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u5934\u6587\u4ef6：#include<stdlib.h><\/p>\n

eg1. \u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5b58\u653e\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4s\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u00a0<\/p>\n

int main(void)
\n{
\nconst char *s = "Hello World!";
\nchar *p = malloc(strlen(s) + 1);
\nstrcpy(p, s);
\nputs(p);
\n free(p);
\n p = NULL;\/\/\u9632\u6b62p\u6210\u4e3a\u91ce\u6307\u9488
\n}<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02\u3001free \u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 free \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u6765\u9500\u6bc1\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002free \u51fd\u6570\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519，\u5176\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u70b9\u8981\u6c42：<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (1) \u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u4ee5\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fde\u7eed\u518d\u6b21\u9500\u6bc1；<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (2) \u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6307\u9488\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fee\u6539，\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u9500\u6bc1\u9519\u8bef；<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(3) \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u9500\u6bc1\u6210\u5bf9\u51fa\u73b0，\u9075\u5faa "\u6709\u501f\u6709\u8fd8，\u518d\u501f\u4e0d\u96be" \u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03\u3001realloc \u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f：realloc ( void *p, size_t size)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d p \u4e3a\u4e07\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u662f\u539f\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u5730\u5740；size \u662f\u65b0\u5f00\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f，\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a \u201cn*sizeof(\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b)\u201d ，n \u4e3a\u6240\u9700\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 realloc \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d（\u6269\u5bb9）\u3002\u5c06\u539f\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u65f6，\u5c06\u539f\u7a7a\u95f4\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u7684\u51fa\u73b0，\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a：（\u53c2\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u5df1\u586b\u5165）<\/p>\n\nchar *p;<\/tr>\n\np = realloc(\u53c2\u6570)；<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

eg2. \u5728\u00a0eg1 \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a，\u5bf9\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4t\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fde\u63a5\u5230p\u540e\u9762<\/p>\n

int main(void)
\n{
\nconst char *s = "Hello World!";<\/p>\n

char *p = malloc(strlen(s) + 1);
\nstrcpy(p, s);
\n \/\/\u6269\u5bb9
\nconst char *t = "China";
\np = realloc(p, strlen(p) + strlen(t) + 1);
\nstrcat(p, t);
\nputs(p);
\nfree(p);
\np = NULL;<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a04\u3001calloc \u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f：calloc (n, sizeof(\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b) )\u3002\u5176\u4e2d n \u4e3a\u7533\u8bf7\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570；sizeof(\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b) \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6240\u5360\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 calloc \u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u7528\u6765\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4，\u53ea\u662f\u4e0e malloc \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982：\u7533\u8bf7\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u00a0n*sizeof(int) \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4，\u4e24\u79cd\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5206\u522b\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n

\nchar *p = malloc( n * sizeof(int));<\/tr>\n\nchar *p = calloc( n, sizeof(int));<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

eg3. \u5148\u7533\u8bf710\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u5b58\u653e \u201c1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10\u201d，\u518d\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5b58\u653e1\u523020\u7684\u6574\u6570\u00a0<\/p>\n

void printArray(int *a, int len)
\n{
\nint i;
\nfor(i = 0;i < len;++i)
\n{
\nprintf("%d ", a[i]);
\n}
\nputs("");
\n}<\/p>\n

int main(void)
\n{
\nint n = 10;
\n\/\/int *p = malloc(n * sizeof(int));
\nint *p = calloc(n, sizeof(int));
\n \/\/\u5b58\u653e1\u523010
\nint i;
\nfor(i = 0;i < n;++i)
\n{
\n*(p + i) = i + 1;
\n}
\n\/\/\u6269\u5bb9\u5b58\u653e1\u523020
\nint m = 20;
\np = realloc(p, m * sizeof(int));
\nfor(i = 10;i < m;++i)
\n{
\np[i] = i + 1;
\n}
\nprintArray(p, m);
\nfree(p);<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488<\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f：\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b (*\u6307\u9488\u540d)(\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u53bb\u6389\u6307\u9488\u540d\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6307\u9488\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740（\u51fd\u6570\u540d），\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u7684\u51fa\u73b0，\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6307\u9488\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316，\u5373 \u201c= NULL\u201d \u3002<\/p>\n

eg4. \u5b9a\u4e49add\u51fd\u6570，\u8fd0\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u5b9e\u73b0add\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n

int add(int a, int b)
\n{
\nreturn a + b;
\n}
\nint main(void)
\n{
\nint (*p)(int , int ) = NULL;\/\/*p\u7684\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u4e0d\u80fd\u7701\u7565
\np = add;\/\/\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cfp\u6307\u5411\u51fd\u6570\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740
\nprintf("%d\\\\n", p(10, 20));\/\/\u8c03\u7528add\u51fd\u6570
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u5b9e\u73b0\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd，\u5373：\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

eg5. \u7f16\u5199\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570，\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d，\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u5f0f（pow2：\u4ee5\u5e73\u65b9\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f； fn：\u4ee5\u5143\u7d20\u672c\u8eab\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f），pow2 \u548c fn \u51fd\u6570\u79f0\u4e3a\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

int pow2(int n)\/\/\u4ee5\u5143\u7d200\u5e73\u65b9\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f
\n{
\nreturn n * n;
\n}<\/p>\n

int fn(int n)\/\/\u4ee5\u5143\u7d20\u672c\u8eab\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f
\n{
\nreturn n;
\n}<\/p>\n

void sort(int *a, int len, int (*pfn)(int))
\n{
\nint i, j;
\nfor(i = 0;i < len – 1;++i)
\n{
\nfor(j = i + 1;j < len;++j)
\n{
\nif(pfn(a[i]) > pfn(a[j]))
\n{
\nint t = a[i];
\na[i] = a[j];
\na[j] = t;
\n}
\n}
\n}
\n}
\nint main(void)
\n{
\nint a[] = {-1,2,-3,4,-5,6,-7,8,-9,0};
\nint len = sizeof(a) \/ sizeof(*a);
\nsort(a, len, pow2);
\nprintArray(a, len);
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488<\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a01\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/h4>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u7ea7\u6307\u9488，\u5373\u6307\u5411\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570，\u5f62\u53c2\u662f\u6307\u5411\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c308\u3001309\u884c\u5d29\u6389，\u663e\u793a\u8d8a\u754c\u8bbf\u95ee，\u53ea\u662f\u503c\u4f20\u9012<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u5730\u65b9：(1) \u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u201c *p \u201d \u6539\u4e3a \u201c **p\u00a0\u201d ；<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (2) \u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u7684 \u201c\u00a0p =\u00a0\u201d \u6539\u4e3a \u201d *p =\u00a0\u201c；<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0(3) \u7b2c\u4e5d\u884c\u7684 getMem(s) \u6539\u4e3a \u201c getMem(&s) \u201d；<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

void getMem(char **p)
\n{
\n*p = malloc(100);
\n}
\nint main(void)
\n{
\nchar *s;
\ngetMem(&s);
\nstrcpy(s, "Hello");
\nputs(s);
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02\u3001\u4f8b\u9898<\/h4>\n

eg1. \u8fd0\u7528\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488\u9009\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c<\/p>\n

char *maxStrings(char **p, int len)
\n{
\nchar *max;
\nmax = p[0];
\nint i;
\nfor(i = 1;i < len;++i)
\n{
\nif(strcmp(max, p[i]) < 0)
\n{
\nmax = p[i];
\n}
\n}
\nreturn max;
\n}<\/p>\n

eg2.\u8fd0\u7528\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9006\u5e8f<\/p>\n

void reverseStrings(char **p, int len)
\n{
\nint i;
\nfor(i = 0;i < len \/ 2;++i)
\n{
\nchar *t;
\nt = p[i];
\np[i] = p[len – i – 1];
\np[len – i – 1] = t;
\n}
\n}<\/p>\n

eg3. \u8fd0\u7528\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4ea4\u6362<\/p>\n

void swap(char **a, char **b)
\n{
\nchar *t;
\nt = *a;
\n*a = *b;
\n*b = t;
\n}<\/p>\n

eg4. \u8fd0\u7528\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n

void sortStrings(char **p, int len)
\n{
\nint i, j;
\nfor(i = 0;i < len – 1;++i)
\n{
\nfor(j = i + 1;j < len;++j)
\n{
\nif(strcmp(p[i], p[j]) > 0)
\n{
\nswap(p + i, p + j);
\n}
\n}
\n}
\n}<\/p>\n

\u3010END\u3011<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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