{"id":49627,"date":"2025-07-30T18:47:40","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T10:47:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/49627.html"},"modified":"2025-07-30T18:47:40","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T10:47:40","slug":"%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3java%e4%b9%8bspring-mvc%e7%af%87%e4%ba%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/49627.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8be6\u89e3Java\u4e4bSpring MVC\u7bc7\u4e8c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\n

\u83b7\u53d6Cookie\/Session<\/p>\n

\u7406\u89e3Cookie<\/p>\n

\u7406\u89e3Session<\/p>\n

Cookie\u548cSession\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6Cookie<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6Session<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6Header<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6User-Agent<\/p>\n

\n
\u83b7\u53d6Cookie\/Session<\/h5>\n
\u7406\u89e3Cookie<\/h6>\n

HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u81ea\u8eab\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u534f\u8bae，\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684 "\u4ee4\u724c" \u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 Cookie \u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d. \u6b64\u65f6\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd9\u8fb9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55"\u4ee4\u724c"\u4fe1\u606f, \u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee4\u724c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u2f64\u2f3e\u4fe1\u606f, \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f Session \u673a\u5236\u6240\u505a\u7684\u2f2f\u4f5c.<\/p>\n

\u7406\u89e3Session<\/h6>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u2f00\u4e0b\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4f1a\u8bdd. \u4f1a\u8bdd: \u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u610f\u601d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9886\u57df, \u4f1a\u8bdd\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u2f3e\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94. \u5bf9\u5ba2\u2f3e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u2f83\u4e8e\u540c\u2f00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u2f3e. \u5f53\u2f00\u4e2a\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u5ba2\u2f3e\u5411Web\u5e94\u2f64\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d1\u9001\u7b2c\u2f00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u2f00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd. \u5f53\u5ba2\u2f3e\u660e\u786e\u7ed3\u675f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u2f00\u4e2a\u65f6\u9650\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u5ba2\u2f3e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540c\u2f00\u65f6\u523b\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u7684. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u533a\u5206\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u2f64\u2f3e, \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd, \u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd9\u8fb9\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u2f64\u2f3e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb.<\/p>\n

Session\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b58\u2f64\u2f3e\u4fe1\u606f\u2f7d\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u2f00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Session\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a "\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868", \u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u2f00\u4e9b\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784. Key \u5c31\u662fSessionID, Value \u5c31\u662f\u2f64\u2f3e\u4fe1\u606f(\u2f64\u2f3e\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u7075\u6d3b\u8bbe\u8ba1).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

SessionId\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u2f63\u6210\u7684\u2f00\u4e2a "\u552f\u2f00\u6027\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32", \u4ece Session \u673a\u5236\u7684\u2ec6\u5ea6\u6765\u770b, \u8fd9\u4e2a\u552f\u2f00\u6027\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u79f0\u4e3a "SessionId". \u4f46\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u770b\u5f85, \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u552f\u2f00\u6027\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u79f0\u4e3a "token". \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u2f26\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee4\u724cID, \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u662fSessionId, \u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ee4\u724c\u9664\u4e86ID\u4e4b\u5916, \u8fd8\u4f1a\u5e26\u2f00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f, \u2f50\u5982\u65f6\u95f4, \u7b7e\u540d\u7b49.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1. \u5f53\u2f64\u2f3e\u767b\u9646\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728 Session \u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u2f00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8bb0\u5f55, \u5e76\u628a sessionId\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u2f3e\u7aef. (\u901a\u8fc7HTTP \u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684 Set-Cookie \u5b57\u6bb5\u8fd4\u56de). 2. \u5ba2\u2f3e\u7aef\u540e\u7eed\u518d\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u9700\u8981\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u5e26\u4e0a sessionId. (\u901a\u8fc7 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684Cookie \u5b57\u6bb5\u5e26\u4e0a). 3. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u540e, \u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684 sessionId\u5728 Session \u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u2f64\u2f3e\u4fe1\u606f, \u518d\u8fdb\u2f8f\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c.\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efaSession, \u5e76\u628aSessionID\u8fd4\u56de.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Session \u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684. \u5982\u679c\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5219 Session \u6570\u636e\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cookie\u548cSession\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h6>\n

\u2022 Cookie \u662f\u5ba2\u2f3e\u7aef\u4fdd\u5b58\u2f64\u2f3e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u2f00\u79cd\u673a\u5236. Session \u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u4fdd\u5b58\u2f64\u2f3e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u2f00\u79cd\u673a\u5236. \u2022 Cookie \u548c Session\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 SessionId \u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u7684, SessionId \u662f Cookie \u548c Session \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6865\u6881 \u2022 Cookie \u548c Session \u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u2f00\u8d77\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u2f64. \u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u5408. \u2022 \u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u2f64 Cookie \u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u2f00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5ba2\u2f3e\u7aef. \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u2f00\u5b9a\u662f\u2f64\u2f3e\u2f9d\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f, \u4e5f\u4e0d\u2f00\u5b9a\u662f SessionId \u2022 Session \u4e2d\u7684sessionId \u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u2fae\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7 Cookie\/Set-Cookie \u4f20\u9012, \u2f50\u5982\u901a\u8fc7URL\u4f20\u9012.<\/p>\n

1. \u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e Cookie：\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef（\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668）\u4e0a\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2aSet-Cookie\u5b57\u6bb5，\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u8fd9\u4e2aCookie，\u5e76\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7Cookie\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5c06Cookie\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 Session：\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26（\u901a\u5e38\u662fSession ID），\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef（\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7Cookie，\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7URL\u91cd\u5199\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f），\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u643a\u5e26\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002 2. \u5b89\u5168\u6027 Cookie：\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u51fb，\u5982\u8de8\u7ad9\u811a\u672c\u653b\u51fb（XSS）\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u4fee\u6539Cookie\u3002\u4f46\u662f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6eHttpOnly\u548cSecure\u6807\u5fd7\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u6027，HttpOnly\u6807\u5fd7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62JavaScript\u8bbf\u95eeCookie，Secure\u6807\u5fd7\u5219\u8981\u6c42Cookie\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7HTTPS\u53d1\u9001\u3002 Session：\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef，\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4f46\u662f，\u5982\u679cSession ID\u88ab\u6cc4\u9732（\u4f8b\u5982，\u901a\u8fc7URL\u91cd\u5199\u5e76\u6cc4\u9732\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d），\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u4f1a\u8bdd\u52ab\u6301\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002 3. \u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236 Cookie：\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u5176\u5927\u5c0f\u53d7\u5230\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2aCookie\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u4e0b\u7684Cookie\u603b\u6570\u90fd\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002 Session：\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef，\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u914d\u7f6e，\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8eCookie\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002 4. \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f Cookie：\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4（Expires\/Max-Age），\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8bbe\u7f6e（\u4f1a\u8bddCookie，\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5173\u95ed\u65f6\u5931\u6548）\u3002 Session：\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548cSession\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f（\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49）\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86Session\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4，\u5219Session\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u4f1a\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u3002 5. \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f Cookie：\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5c11\u91cf\u6570\u636e，\u5982\u7528\u6237\u504f\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u591a\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3002 Session：\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e，\u5982\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef，\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6Cookie<\/h6>\n

\u9996\u5148\u5148\u8bbe\u7f6eCookie<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u518d\u83b7\u53d6：<\/p>\n

@RequestMapping("\/getC")
\n public String getCookie(HttpServletRequest request){
\n \/\/\u83b7\u53d6\u53c2\u6570
\n\/\/ String name = request.getParameter("name");
\n Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
\n if (cookies!=null){
\n Arrays.stream(cookies).forEach(ck -> System.out.println(ck.getName()+":"+ck.getValue()));
\n }
\n return "\u83b7\u53d6Cookie";
\n } <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n

@RequestMapping("\/getC2")
\npublic String getCookie2(@CookieValue("name") String name){
\n return "\u4eceCookie\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u503c, name:"+name;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6Session<\/h6>\n

Session\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u673a\u5236, \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b58\u50a8, \u624d\u80fd\u518d\u83b7\u53d6. Session \u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eHttpServletRequest \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u7684.<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6eSession<\/p>\n

@RequestMapping("\/setSess")
\n public String setSess(HttpServletRequest request){
\n \/\/\u4ececookie\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u4e86sessionID, \u6839\u636esessionID\u83b7\u53d6Session\u5bf9\u8c61, \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u53d6\u5230, \u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2asession\u5bf9\u8c61
\n HttpSession session = request.getSession();
\n session.setAttribute("name", "zhangsan");
\n return "\u8bbe\u7f6esession\u6210\u529f";
\n } <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u518d\u83b7\u53d6：<\/p>\n

@RequestMapping("\/getSess")
\n public String getSess(HttpServletRequest request){
\n \/\/\u4ececookie\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u4e86sessionID, \u6839\u636esession\u83b7\u53d6Session\u5bf9\u8c61
\n HttpSession session = request.getSession();
\n String name = (String)session.getAttribute("name");
\n return "\u4ecesession\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6name:"+name;
\n } <\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0\u83b7\u53d6Session\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n

@RequestMapping("\/getSess2")
\n public String getSess2(HttpSession session){
\n String name = (String)session.getAttribute("name");
\n return "\u4ecesession\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6name:"+name;
\n } <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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