{"id":49206,"date":"2025-07-30T16:22:47","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T08:22:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/49206.html"},"modified":"2025-07-30T16:22:47","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T08:22:47","slug":"java%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0http1-1%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%8eservlet%e5%bc%95%e6%93%8e%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/49206.html","title":{"rendered":"Java\u5b9e\u73b0HTTP1.1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0eServlet\u5f15\u64ce\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\" <\/p>\n

\u7b80\u4ecb：HTTP1.1\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae，\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Java\u8bed\u8a00，\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efaHTTP1.1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u548cServlet\u5f15\u64ce\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5206\u6790HTTP1.1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6539\u8fdb\u3001Java\u7684Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4ee5\u53caServlet\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1Servlet\u6765\u54cd\u5e94HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u7406\u89e3Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecdJava HttpServer API\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u638c\u63e1\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u4e8eJava\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002 \"\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd：HTTP1.1\" <\/p>\n

1. HTTP1.1\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u7279\u6027 <\/h2>\n

\u7b80\u4ecbHTTP1.1 <\/h3>\n

\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae（HTTP）\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u3001\u534f\u4f5c\u5f0f\u548c\u8d85\u5a92\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u3002HTTP1.1，\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c，\u5b83\u57281.0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347，\u4f8b\u5982\u6301\u7eed\u8fde\u63a5（Persistent Connections）\u548c\u7ba1\u7ebf\u5316\u8bf7\u6c42（Pipelining）\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf，\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u541e\u5410\u91cf，\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u4ee3Web\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u6301\u7eed\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u5316 <\/h3>\n

\u6301\u7eed\u8fde\u63a5\u6307\u7684\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u540e，\u4e0d\u7acb\u5373\u5173\u95edTCP\u8fde\u63a5，\u800c\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u6253\u5f00\u72b6\u6001，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u540c\u4e00TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u53d1\u8d77\u591a\u4e2aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u80fd，\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u7ba1\u9053\u5316\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u9001\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ba1\u9053\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52bf，\u4f46\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236 <\/h3>\n

\u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546\u662fHTTP1.1\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u673a\u5236，\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u504f\u597d，\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u5916，HTTP1.1\u8fd8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u6307\u4ee4，\u5982 Cache-Control ，\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u63a7\u5236，\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93，\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

GET \/index.html HTTP\/1.1
\nHost: www.example.com
\nAccept-Language: en<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684HTTP1.1\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934，\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42 index.html \u9875\u9762，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 Accept-Language \u5934\u90e8\u6307\u793a\u5b83\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u82f1\u8bed\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e00\u534f\u5546，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n

2. Java Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840 <\/h2>\n

2.1 Java Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u6982\u8ff0 <\/h4>\n

2.1.1 Socket\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b <\/h5>\n

\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d，Socket\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362，\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\u3002Socket\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u6d89\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u94fe\u8def，\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7aef\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7aef\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u540e，\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7aef\u70b9\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u3002 <\/p>\n

Socket\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae（TCP）\u6216\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae（UDP）\u3002TCP\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae，\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e22\u5931\u3001\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u4e14\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5230\u8fbe；UDP\u662f\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae，\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb，\u4f46\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 <\/p>\n

Java\u4e2d\u7684Socket\u7f16\u7a0b，\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u7528Java\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684Socket\u7c7b\u548cServerSocket\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528Socket\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u800c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5219\u4f7f\u7528ServerSocket\u7c7b\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.1.2 Java\u4e2d\u7684Socket\u4f7f\u7528 <\/h5>\n

\u5728Java\u4e2d，Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u521b\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684ServerSocket\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u76d1\u542c\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002 java ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(portNumber); <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 java Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept(); <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u83b7\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41，\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002 java DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream(clientSocket.getInputStream()); PrintWriter output = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true); <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u540e，\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 java output.println("Hello, client"); input.close(); output.close(); clientSocket.close(); serverSocket.close(); <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u521b\u5efaSocket\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u5e76\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    java Socket socket = new Socket(serverName, portNumber); <\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u540c\u6837\u83b7\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41，\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 java PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); out.println("Hello, server"); String response = in.readLine(); <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    java out.close(); in.close(); socket.close(); <\/p>\n

    2.2 Java Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u6df1\u5165 <\/h4>\n

    2.2.1 Socket\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236 <\/h5>\n

    Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6eSocket\u9009\u9879，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49\u53c2\u6570，\u4ece\u800c\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u4f8b\u5982，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6eSocket\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4，\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u7f51\u7edc\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5730\u7b49\u5f85： <\/p>\n

    Socket socket = new Socket();
    \nsocket.setSoTimeout(5000); \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a5000\u6beb\u79d2<\/p>\n

    \u6b64\u5916，\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574TCP\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d7\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9650\u5236，\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u6216\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883： <\/p>\n

    socket.setReceiveBufferSize(8192);
    \nsocket.setSendBufferSize(8192);<\/p>\n

    2.2.2 NIO\u4e0eSocket\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u5e94\u7528 <\/h5>\n

    Java NIO（New Input\/Output）\u662f\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u7684\u7f29\u5199，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f02\u6b65\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002NIO\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684IO\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8bb8\u591a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u7ed3\u5408Socket\u7f16\u7a0b，NIO\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u3002Java\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 java.nio.channels \u5305\u6765\u652f\u6301NIO，\u5176\u4e2d ServerSocketChannel \u548c SocketChannel \u662f\u4e0eSocket\u7f16\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5728NIO\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Selector \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7ba1\u7406： <\/p>\n

    Selector selector = Selector.open();
    \nServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
    \nserverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
    \nserverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);<\/p>\n

    while(true) {
    \n int readyChannels = selector.select();
    \n if (readyChannels == 0) continue;
    \n Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
    \n for (SelectionKey key : selectedKeys) {
    \n if (key.isAcceptable()) {
    \n \/\/ Handle accept event
    \n } else if (key.isReadable()) {
    \n \/\/ Handle read event
    \n }
    \n }
    \n selectedKeys.clear();
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528NIO\u4e2d\u7684 Selector \u6765\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 SelectionKey \u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u901a\u9053\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u5173\u7cfb，\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5 key \u7684\u5c31\u7eea\u64cd\u4f5c\u96c6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u901a\u9053\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n

    graph LR
    \nA[\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef] –>|\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5| B[ServerSocketChannel]
    \nB –> C[Selector]
    \nC –>|\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5| D[SocketChannel]
    \nD –>|\u8bfb\/\u5199\u4e8b\u4ef6| E[\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e]
    \nE –> C<\/p>\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f，\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42，\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3. HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b <\/h2>\n

    3.1 HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u683c\u5f0f\u89e3\u6790 <\/h3>\n

    3.1.1 \u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u3001\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u4e3b\u4f53 <\/h4>\n

    HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u7531\u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e3b\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u5305\u542b\u4e86HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5（GET\u3001POST\u7b49）\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URI\u4ee5\u53caHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u90e8\u5219\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7ec4\u6210，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6d88\u606f\u4e3b\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u90e8\u4e4b\u540e，\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e，\u5982\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5728Java\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 HttpServletRequest \u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6d88\u606f\u4e3b\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\u6d41 ServletInputStream \u6216\u8005\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e request.getParameter() \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：\u63d0\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f
    \nEnumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
    \nwhile (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
    \n String name = headerNames.nextElement();
    \n String value = request.getHeader(name);
    \n System.out.println(name + ": " + value);
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：\u83b7\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f
    \nString method = request.getMethod();
    \nString uri = request.getRequestURI();
    \nString protocol = request.getProtocol();
    \nSystem.out.println("Request Method: " + method);
    \nSystem.out.println("URI: " + uri);
    \nSystem.out.println("Protocol: " + protocol);<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898，\u4f8b\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u90e8\u4f2a\u9020（HTTP\u5934\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb）\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u8fc7\u5927\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.1.2 \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u8be6\u89e3 <\/h4>\n

    HTTP\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5，\u6bd4\u5982GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u7b49\u3002GET\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e，POST\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e，PUT\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90，DELETE\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9075\u5faaREST\u539f\u5219\u4ee5\u53ca\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

    HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001，\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b：1xx\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u6027\u72b6\u6001\u7801，2xx\u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f，3xx\u8868\u793a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，4xx\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9519\u8bef，5xx\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5408\u7406\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u7801，\u5e76\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u534f\u8bae\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91
    \nString method = request.getMethod();
    \nif ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) {
    \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u903b\u8f91
    \n} else if ("POST".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) {
    \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u903b\u8f91
    \n \/\/ \u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e
    \n StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    \n String line;
    \n try (BufferedReader reader = request.getReader()) {
    \n while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
    \n sb.append(line);
    \n }
    \n }
    \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u6570\u636e
    \n String requestBody = sb.toString();
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7801，\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cfWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.2 HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u53d1\u9001 <\/h3>\n

    3.2.1 \u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u90e8 <\/h4>\n

    HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u7531\u72b6\u6001\u884c\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d88\u606f\u4e3b\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u884c\u5305\u62ecHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4ee5\u53ca\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u6587\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u90e8\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f，\u5982\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5728Java Servlet\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 HttpServletResponse \u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u90e8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u90e8
    \nresponse.setContentType("text\/html;charset=UTF-8");
    \nresponse.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate");
    \nresponse.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
    \nresponse.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);<\/p>\n

    \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u90e8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u6e32\u67d3\u7f51\u9875\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.2.2 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53 <\/h4>\n

    HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u544a\u8bc9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ed3\u679c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u5219\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fHTML\u9875\u9762\u3001JSON\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5728Servlet\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PrintWriter \u5bf9\u8c61\u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5982\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a application\/json ，\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u76f8\u5e94\u7684JSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53
    \nresponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK); \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a200 OK
    \nPrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    \ntry {
    \n out.println("<html><body><h1>Hello, World!<\/h1><\/body><\/html>");
    \n} finally {
    \n out.close(); \/\/ \u786e\u4fdd\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41，\u662f\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u548c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54cd\u5e94\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u6df1\u5165\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u6cd5，\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u597d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5199\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 <\/p>\n

    4. Servlet\u5f15\u64ce（\u5bb9\u5668）\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236 <\/h2>\n

    4.1 Servlet\u5f15\u64ce\u67b6\u6784\u5206\u6790 <\/h3>\n

    4.1.1 Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u529f\u80fd <\/h4>\n

    \u5728Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u6267\u884c\u4e2d，Servlet\u5bb9\u5668，\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aServlet\u5f15\u64ce，\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5b83\u662fJava Servlet API\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206，\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406Servlet\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5904\u7406，\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u3002 <\/p>\n

    Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec： <\/h5>\n
      \n
    • \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406 ：\u8d1f\u8d23\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u4ee5\u53ca\u9500\u6bc1Servlet\u3002 <\/li>\n
    • \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u652f\u6301 ：\u4e3aServlet\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u652f\u6301，\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c，\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/li>\n
    • \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7ba1\u7406 ：\u5904\u7406\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236，\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u6388\u6743\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/li>\n
    • \u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406 ：\u901a\u8fc7web.xml\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6ce8\u89e3\u914d\u7f6eServlet，\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002 <\/li>\n
    • \u901a\u4fe1\u652f\u6301 ：\u63d0\u4f9bHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u901a\u4fe1\u652f\u6301，\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9Servlet，\u5e76\u5c06Servlet\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709： <\/h5>\n
        \n
      • Apache Tomcat <\/li>\n
      • Jetty <\/li>\n
      • GlassFish <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        4.1.2 Servlet\u89c4\u8303\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b <\/h4>\n

        Servlet\u89c4\u8303\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b，\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5305\u62ecServlet\u3001JSP\u9875\u9762\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668（Filters）\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u5668（Listeners）\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

          \n
        • Servlet ：\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684Java\u7c7b\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • JSP （Java Server Pages）：\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u9875\u9762，\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u4e5f\u662fServlet\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668 ：\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e6\u622a\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6216\u540e\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u76d1\u542c\u5668 ：\u76d1\u542cWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u5982\u4f1a\u8bdd\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f00\u59cb\u7b49\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b，Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027，\u652f\u6301\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u521b\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n

          4.2 Servlet\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406 <\/h3>\n

          4.2.1 \u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u8be6\u89e3 <\/h4>\n

          Servlet\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5，\u4ece\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f00\u59cb，\u5230\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u7ed3\u675f\u3002 <\/p>\n

        • \u63a5\u6536\u8bf7\u6c42 ：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42，Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5206\u914d ：\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b，Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u4e3a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u91cd\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406 ：\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684Servlet\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u54cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210 ：Servlet\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e，\u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u56deServlet\u5bb9\u5668\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94 ：Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 <\/li>\n

          \u6574\u4e2a\u6d41\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002 <\/p>\n

          4.2.2 Servlet\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u548c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406 <\/h4>\n

          \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001，Servlet\u89c4\u8303\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587（Context）\u548c\u4f1a\u8bdd（Session）\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 <\/p>\n

            \n
          • Servlet\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 ：\u4ee3\u8868\u6574\u4e2aWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u73af\u5883，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6240\u6709Servlet\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • \u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406 ：\u7528\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f，\u6bd4\u5982\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26（\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2acookie）\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7ef4\u62a4\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f，\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u7684Web\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002 <\/p>\n

            \/\/ \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：\u5728Servlet\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u83b7\u53d6session
            \nHttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
            \nsession.setAttribute("key", "value");<\/p>\n

            \u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Servlet\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5csession\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 <\/p>\n

            \u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86Servlet\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236，\u4ece\u67b6\u6784\u5230\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406，\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0eWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u4f38\u7f29\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u8ba8Servlet\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u5305\u62ec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n

            5. Servlet\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f：\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u9500\u6bc1 <\/h2>\n

            Servlet\u4f5c\u4e3aJava Web\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u5176\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8Servlet\u4ece\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5230\u670d\u52a1，\u518d\u5230\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002 <\/p>\n

            5.1 Servlet\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/h3>\n

            Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u5728\u90e8\u7f72Web\u5e94\u7528\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316Servlet\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53caServlet\u7c7b\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8c03\u7528，\u4ee5\u53ca\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 <\/p>\n

            5.1.1 Servlet\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u673a\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h4>\n

            \u5f53Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u542f\u52a8\u6216Web\u5e94\u7528\u88ab\u90e8\u7f72\u65f6，Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u521b\u5efaServlet\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u7531\u5bb9\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u7684，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6765\u8bf4，\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n

            public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
            \n @Override
            \n public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
            \n super.init(config);
            \n \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ee3\u7801，\u4f8b\u5982\u52a0\u8f7d\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49
            \n }
            \n}<\/p>\n

            \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5728Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u542f\u52a8\u65f6，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684Servlet，\u5bb9\u5668\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684Servlet，\u5219\u662f\u5728\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6\u624d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002 <\/p>\n

            5.1.2 ServletConfig\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53c2\u6570 <\/h4>\n

            ServletConfig\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528\u4e8e\u5c01\u88c5\u5f53\u524dServlet\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728web.xml\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u6216\u5728Java\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002 <\/p>\n

            <servlet>
            \n <servlet-name>MyServlet<\/servlet-name>
            \n <servlet-class>com.example.MyServlet<\/servlet-class>
            \n <init-param>
            \n <param-name>configParam<\/param-name>
            \n <param-value>paramValue<\/param-value>
            \n <\/init-param>
            \n<\/servlet><\/p>\n

            \u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d，Servlet\u901a\u8fc7ServletConfig\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570，\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n

            5.2 Servlet\u670d\u52a1\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/h3>\n

            \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e，Servlet\u8fdb\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u662fServlet\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u90e8\u5206，\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6b64\u9636\u6bb5\u3002 <\/p>\n

            5.2.1 \u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168 <\/h4>\n

            \u5728\u670d\u52a1\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d，Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5230\u6765\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u7136\u540e\u8c03\u7528Servlet\u7684service\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 <\/p>\n

            @Override
            \nprotected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            \n String method = req.getMethod();
            \n if ("GET".equals(method)) {
            \n doGet(req, resp);
            \n } else if ("POST".equals(method)) {
            \n doPost(req, resp);
            \n }
            \n \/\/ \u5176\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91…
            \n}<\/p>\n

            Servlet\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fddServlet\u7684service\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53cadoGet\u3001doPost\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u5426\u5219，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u3002 <\/p>\n

            5.2.2 \u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7ba1\u7406 <\/h4>\n

            \u5728\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u907f\u514d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528，\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

            @Override
            \nprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            \n resp.setContentType("text\/html");
            \n PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
            \n try {
            \n out.println("<h1>Response for GET request<\/h1>");
            \n } finally {
            \n out.close();
            \n }
            \n}<\/p>\n

            \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e，\u786e\u4fdd\u5173\u95ed\u4e86PrintWriter，\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n

            5.3 Servlet\u9500\u6bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/h3>\n

            \u5f53Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u51b3\u5b9a\u5378\u8f7dServlet\u65f6，\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u5176destroy\u65b9\u6cd5，\u8fd9\u662fServlet\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u6700\u540e\u9636\u6bb5\u3002 <\/p>\n

            5.3.1 \u9500\u6bc1\u65f6\u673a\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h4>\n

            \u901a\u5e38，Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u4f1a\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9500\u6bc1Servlet\u5b9e\u4f8b： <\/p>\n

              \n
            • Web\u5e94\u7528\u5173\u95ed\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u90e8\u7f72\u3002 <\/li>\n
            • Servlet\u7684 <load-on-startup> \u914d\u7f6e\u6307\u793a\u5bb9\u5668\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7dServlet\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              @Override
              \npublic void destroy() {
              \n super.destroy();
              \n \/\/ \u6e05\u7406\u4ee3\u7801，\u4f8b\u5982\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49
              \n}<\/p>\n

              \u5728destroy\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5982\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

              5.3.2 \u8d44\u6e90\u6e05\u7406\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u64cd\u4f5c <\/h4>\n

              Servlet\u7684\u9500\u6bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9636\u6bb5，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e，\u6240\u6709\u4e0eServlet\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u6c38\u4e45\u5173\u95ed，\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

              public void closeResource() {
              \n \/\/ \u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u5bf9\u8c61
              \n if (fileStream != null) {
              \n try {
              \n fileStream.close();
              \n } catch (IOException e) {
              \n e.printStackTrace();
              \n }
              \n }
              \n}<\/p>\n

              \u5728destroy\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528closeResource\u65b9\u6cd5，\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5173\u95ed\u65f6，\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n

              Servlet\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u662fJava Web\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9，\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u6b63\u786e\u5b9e\u73b0\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u7a33\u5b9a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

              6. \u7ee7\u627fHttpServlet\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0Servlet <\/h2>\n

              6.1 HttpServlet\u7c7b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u7279\u6027 <\/h3>\n

              6.1.1 \u7ee7\u627fHttpServlet\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4 <\/h4>\n

              \u7ee7\u627f HttpServlet \u7c7b\u662f\u5f00\u53d1Servlet\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00，\u5b83\u7b80\u5316\u4e86HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002 HttpServlet \u662f GenericServlet \u7684\u5b50\u7c7b，\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

            • \n

              \u521b\u5efaServlet\u7c7b ：\u9996\u5148，\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea HttpServlet \u7684\u7c7b\u3002Java EE\u63a8\u8350\u5728Servlet\u7c7b\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u7f00\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0 Servlet \u5b57\u6837，\u4f8b\u5982 HelloServlet \u3002 <\/p>\n

              java public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { \/\/ \u5b9e\u73b0GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91 } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { \/\/ \u5b9e\u73b0POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91 } } <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u914d\u7f6eServlet ：\u5728\u4f60\u7684web.xml\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528Servlet\u6ce8\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e，\u4ee5\u5c06Servlet\u6620\u5c04\u5230URL\u3002 <\/p>\n

              xml <servlet> <servlet-name>HelloServlet<\/servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.example.HelloServlet<\/servlet-class> <\/servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>HelloServlet<\/servlet-name> <url-pattern>\/hello<\/url-pattern> <\/servlet-mapping> <\/p>\n

              \u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u89e3 <\/p>\n

              java @WebServlet(urlPatterns = "\/hello") public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet { \/\/ … } <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5 ：\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5，\u91cd\u5199 doGet() \u3001 doPost() \u3001 doPut() \u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 HttpServletRequest \u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e，\u901a\u8fc7 HttpServletResponse \u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              HttpServlet \u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 service() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b，\u5982GET\u6216POST，\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 doGet() \u6216 doPost() \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8986\u76d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7279\u5b9a\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

              6.1.2 doGet\u4e0edoPost\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u5199 <\/h4>\n

              doGet() \u548c doPost() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u548cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u5199\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6，\u4f60\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536 HttpServletRequest \u548c HttpServletResponse \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n

            • \n

              \u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42 ： HttpServletRequest \u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89e3\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4f8b\u5982\u83b7\u53d6URL\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5904\u7406HTTP\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

              java protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String name = request.getParameter("name"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("Hello, " + name + "!"); } <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u6784\u9020\u54cd\u5e94 ：\u4f7f\u7528 HttpServletResponse \u5bf9\u8c61，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5199\u5165\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u3002 <\/p>\n

              java response.setContentType("text\/html"); response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<html><body><h1>Hello Servlet<\/h1><\/body><\/html>"); <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              doGet() \u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90，\u800c doPost() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u4ea4\u8d44\u6e90，\u5982\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u52a1\u5fc5\u6ce8\u610f， doGet() \u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6267\u884c\u5177\u6709\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4f8b\u5982\u4fee\u6539\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u6301\u5b83\u7684\u5e42\u7b49\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

              6.2 Servlet\u5f00\u53d1\u5b9e\u6218\u6280\u5de7 <\/h3>\n

              6.2.1 \u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u5904\u7406 <\/h4>\n

              \u5728\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6790\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 HttpServletRequest \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 getParameter() \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u3002 <\/p>\n

              String email = request.getParameter("email");
              \nString password = request.getParameter("password");<\/p>\n

              \u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784，\u6bd4\u5982JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53，\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a InputStream ，\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982Gson\u6216Jackson\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u3002 <\/p>\n

              InputStream is = request.getInputStream();
              \nObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
              \nUser user = mapper.readValue(is, User.class);<\/p>\n

              6.2.2 \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b9e\u73b0 <\/h4>\n

              \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u548c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u662fWeb\u5e94\u7528\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u529f\u80fd，\u4f7f\u7528 HttpServlet \u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

            • \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20 ： <\/li>\n

              \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20，\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u662fApache Commons FileUpload\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6790 multipart\/form-data \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

              java public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); try { List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request); for (FileItem item : items) { if (item.isFormField()) { \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5e38\u89c4\u5b57\u6bb5 } else { \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 String fileName = item.getName(); File storeFile = new File("\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55", fileName); item.write(storeFile); } } } catch (Exception ex) { \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5 } } <\/p>\n

            • \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d ： <\/li>\n

              \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5219\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4fe1\u606f，\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u5bb9\u957f\u5ea6，\u7136\u540e\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5230 OutputStream \u3002 <\/p>\n

              java response.setContentType("application\/octet-stream"); String fileName = "example.txt"; response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=\\\\"" + fileName + "\\\\""); response.setContentLength((int) file.length()); OutputStream output = response.getOutputStream(); FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file); byte[] buffer = new byte[4096]; int bytesRead = -1; while ((bytesRead = fileInputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) { output.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); } output.flush(); output.close(); fileInputStream.close(); <\/p>\n

              \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 HttpServlet \u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba9Web\u5e94\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\u573a\u666f，\u6ee1\u8db3\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

              7. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406 <\/h2>\n

              7.1 \u7406\u89e3\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898 <\/h3>\n

              7.1.1 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5 <\/h4>\n

              \u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u673a\u5236，\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u72b6\u6001，\u7ade\u4e89\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bfb\u5199\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u636e，\u800c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5728Servlet\u4e2d，\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u5355\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61），\u4e14\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u4fee\u6539，\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 <\/p>\n

              7.1.2 Servlet\u4e2d\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898 <\/h4>\n

              \u5728Servlet\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d，\u7531\u4e8e\u5bb9\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u8c03\u7528service\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5982\u679cServlet\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u4fe1\u606f，\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fddServlet\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u6027，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u907f\u514d\u5728Servlet\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u9664\u975e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684（\u5982Vector，Hashtable\u7b49）\u3002 <\/p>\n

              7.2 \u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565 <\/h3>\n

              7.2.1 \u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e0e\u9501\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 <\/h4>\n

              \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u5757（synchronized block）\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u3002\u5728Java\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528synchronized\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u5757，\u4ece\u800c\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u65f6，\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5f85，\u76f4\u5230\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u79bb\u5f00\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u3002 <\/p>\n

              public class SafeServlet extends HttpServlet {
              \n private final Object lock = new Object();<\/p>\n

              protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
              \n synchronized(lock) {
              \n \/\/ \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42，\u786e\u4fdd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168
              \n }
              \n }
              \n}<\/p>\n

              7.2.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u4f18\u5316\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236 <\/h4>\n

              \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u590d\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u51cf\u5c11\u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u5f00\u9500，\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5728Java\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ExecutorService\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406，\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1，\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u3002 <\/p>\n

              import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
              \nimport java.util.concurrent.Executors;
              \nimport java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;<\/p>\n

              public class ThreadPoolServlet extends HttpServlet {
              \n private final ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);<\/p>\n

              protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
              \n threadPool.submit(() -> {
              \n \/\/ \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5229\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u4f18\u52bf
              \n });
              \n }<\/p>\n

              @Override
              \n public void destroy() {
              \n threadPool.shutdown();
              \n try {
              \n if (!threadPool.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
              \n threadPool.shutdownNow();
              \n }
              \n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
              \n threadPool.shutdownNow();
              \n Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
              \n }
              \n }
              \n}<\/p>\n

              \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a10\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5728Servlet\u9500\u6bc1\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u88ab\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5173\u95ed，\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u3002\u5728destroy\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d，\u5148\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5173\u95ed\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u672a\u80fd\u5173\u95ed，\u5219\u8c03\u7528shutdownNow\u65b9\u6cd5\u7acb\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u3002 <\/p>\n

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