![\"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/20250730042218-68899dfae8417.gif\")
<\/p>\n \u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p>\n
\u7b80\u4ecb：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f，\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8eHTTP\u3001FTP\u3001SMTP\u7b49\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5，\u5305\u62ecTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u3001\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4ee5\u53ca\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u5e94\u7528\u3002 ![\"\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/20250730042219-68899dfb18969.webp\")
<\/p>\n
\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d，TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u96c6\u5408，\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u8def\u7531\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u4e3a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u3002 <\/p>\n
TCP\/IP \u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 OSI \u6a21\u578b\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u6bd4\u8f83，\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002TCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5c42：\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u9645\u5c42\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684OSI\u6a21\u578b\u5219\u662f\u4e03\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002TCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\u56e0\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u6027，\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e1a\u754c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002 <\/p>\n
TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u5236\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5176\u4e2d，\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae（TCP）\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4ea4\u4ed8\u548c\u6392\u5e8f，\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u534f\u8bae（IP）\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3，\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u51c6\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u5730\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6，\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u4f18\u5316\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e3b\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8TCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u524d，\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5728\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5，\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u96c6\u5408，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u534f\u8bae\u6309\u7167\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u804c\u8d23，\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5c42，\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u5230\u4e0a\u5c42\u5206\u522b\u662f：\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u5c42\u5c42\u5904\u7406，\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93；\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f1a\u53cd\u5411\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u5904\u7406，\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u539f\u6210\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u662f\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u4e4b\u524d，\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f，\u4f8b\u5982\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728TCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d，\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u6bcf\u5c42\u90fd\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9a\u4e49，\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u65f6，\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u5c01\u88c5，\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u63a5\u6536\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u4e4b\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7aef\u53e3（Port）\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8fde\u63a5\u70b9，\u5141\u8bb8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6839\u636e\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a16\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u5b57，\u5b83\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4ece0\u523065535\u3002\u5176\u4e2d，1024\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u6307\u6d3e\u7ed9\u6807\u51c6\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u800c1024\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（Socket）\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5355\u5143，\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7aef\u70b9\u3002\u5728TCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d，\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u6865\u6881，\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210： <\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982，\u5728TCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d，\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684TCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7531\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u60f3\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u4e00\u65e6TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb，\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0a\u53cc\u5411\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u7406\u89e3，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e3a\u90ae\u653f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u3002IP\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba\u7684\u623f\u95f4\u53f7，\u800c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5219\u662f\u5199\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4fe1\u5c01\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e2d，\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u50cf\u90ae\u653f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b，\u5c06\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4ece\u53d1\u4ef6\u4eba\u9012\u9001\u5230\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u3002 <\/p>\n
TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u662fTCP\u534f\u8bae\u786e\u4fdd\u53ef\u9760\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4，\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5：\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef（Client）\u4f1a\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668（Server）\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709SYN（Synchronize Sequence Numbers，\u540c\u6b65\u5e8f\u5217\u7f16\u53f7）\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002SYN\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u540c\u6b65\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7，\u5e76\u4e14\u8bf7\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f： <\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982，\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u51c6\u5907\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7 seq=x \u7684SYN\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5f00\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93，\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6765\u540c\u6b65\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2aSYN\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u8868\u793a： <\/p>\n
# \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801
\n# \u53d1\u9001SYN\u6570\u636e\u5305
\nsend_syn_packet(client_ip, server_ip, client_port, server_port, seq=x)<\/p>\n
# \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee3\u7801
\n# \u63a5\u6536SYN\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u751f\u6210\u5e76\u53d1\u9001SYN-ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305
\nserver_seq = generate_initial_seq()
\nsend_syn_ack_packet(server_ip, client_ip, server_port, client_port, ack=x+1, seq=server_seq)<\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5728\u6536\u5230SYN\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e，\u5e76\u4e0d\u7acb\u5373\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5，\u800c\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u534a\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001，\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684ACK\u54cd\u5e94\u540e，\u8fde\u63a5\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u5efa\u7acb\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684SYN\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002\u968f\u540e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5，\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a SYN-ACK \u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 <\/p>\n
SYN-ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u4e14\u540c\u610f\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u540c\u65f6\u5e26\u6709SYN\u548cACK\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d，\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4fe1\u606f： <\/p>\n
\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4e86SYN-ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u540e，\u5b83\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6b63\u786e\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684SYN-ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6b64\u65f6，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6210，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u786e\u8ba4，\u8fde\u63a5\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7528\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u8868\u793a\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
# \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee3\u7801
\n# \u53d1\u9001SYN-ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305
\nsend_syn_ack_packet(server_ip, client_ip, server_port, client_port, ack=x+1, seq=server_seq)<\/p>\n
# \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801
\n# \u63a5\u6536SYN-ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u5e76\u53d1\u9001ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305
\nack_number = server_seq + 1
\nsend_ack_packet(client_ip, server_ip, client_port, server_port, ack=ack_number)<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684SYN-ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u540e，\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u5230\u7684ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u786e\u8ba4\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u4e14\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5f00\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u81f3\u6b64，\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210，\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u72b6\u6001，\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u8fde\u63a5\u624d\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u5efa\u7acb\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u6574\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65，\u4e5f\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u6765\u7684SYN-ACK\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aACK（Acknowledgment，\u786e\u8ba4）\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d，ACK\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1，\u4e14\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a ack=y+1 ，\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u4e14\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2aACK\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u5b83\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7 ack=y+1 ，\u8fd9\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u544a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u4ece\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u4e3a y+1 \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e86，\u800c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u6536\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u4e3a x+1 \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u540e，TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4fbf\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb，\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u673a\u5236\u4e2d，\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5173\u952e\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u9001\u7684SYN-ACK\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2aACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7，\u5e76\u4e14\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8868\u660e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4，\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f： <\/p>\n
\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u8868\u793a： <\/p>\n
# \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801
\n# \u53d1\u9001ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305
\nack_number = server_seq + 1
\nsend_ack_packet(client_ip, server_ip, client_port, server_port, ack=ack_number)<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d，TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u7684，\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u8bf4，\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u5957\u63a5\u5b57API\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u540e，\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u4e8eESTABLISHED\u72b6\u6001，\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u4e92\u76f8\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd8\u4e3aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a，\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u6700\u521d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u4e8e LISTEN \u72b6\u6001，\u7b49\u5f85\u6765\u81ea\u4efb\u4f55\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u6765\u7684SYN\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165 SYN-RCVD \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u54cd\u5e94\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6765\u8bf4，\u5f53\u5b83\u53d1\u9001\u51faSYN\u6570\u636e\u5305\u540e，\u5b83\u4f1a\u5904\u4e8e SYN-SENT \u72b6\u6001，\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u5728\u6210\u529f\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684SYN-ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u540e，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165 ESTABLISHED \u72b6\u6001，\u6b64\u65f6TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef，\u4e00\u65e6\u5b83\u53d1\u9001\u51faSYN-ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5e76\u4e14\u6210\u529f\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684ACK\u54cd\u5e94\u540e，\u5b83\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d8\u5230 ESTABLISHED \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u56fe\u662fTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u8868\u793a： <\/p>\n
graph LR
\n A[LISTEN] –>|\u63a5\u6536\u5230SYN| B[SYN-RCVD]
\n B –>|\u53d1\u9001SYN-ACK| C[ESTABLISHED]
\n C –>|\u63a5\u6536\u5230ACK| D[ESTABLISHED]<\/p>\n
E[SYN-SENT] –>|\u53d1\u9001SYN| F[SYN-RCVD]
\n F –>|\u63a5\u6536\u5230SYN-ACK| G[ESTABLISHED]
\n G –>|\u53d1\u9001ACK| D<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u56fe\u4e2d，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ece SYN-SENT \u72b6\u6001\u7ecf\u8fc7 SYN-RCVD \u72b6\u6001\u6700\u7ec8\u5230\u8fbe ESTABLISHED \u72b6\u6001，\u800c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ece LISTEN \u72b6\u6001\u7ecf\u8fc7 SYN-RCVD \u72b6\u6001\u518d\u8f6c\u5230 ESTABLISHED \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e ESTABLISHED \u72b6\u6001，\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u7545\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u673a\u5236\u4e2d，\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f，\u800c\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u63a5\u6536\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\u662fTCP\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u662fTCP\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206，\u6bcf\u4e2aTCP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u90fd\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u987a\u5e8f，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u91cd\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u3002\u5728\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u673a\u5236\u4e2d，\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u662f\u7531\u8fde\u63a5\u53cc\u65b9\u5404\u81ea\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684，\u5e76\u5728\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea4\u6362\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u662f\u5728TCP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u544a\u77e5\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u671f\u671b\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002TCP\u4f7f\u7528\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u6765\u544a\u77e5\u53d1\u9001\u65b9，\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62，\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u63a5\u6536\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u9884\u671f\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7，\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7 x \u7684SYN\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7 y \u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7 ack=x+1 \u7684SYN-ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u6700\u540e，\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u4e3a ack=y+1 ，\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
# \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u4ea4\u6362\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n
# \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684SYN\u6570\u636e\u5305
\nSYN, seq=x<\/p>\n
# \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684SYN\u540e，\u56de\u590d\u7684SYN-ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305
\nSYN, ACK, seq=y, ack=x+1<\/p>\n
# \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684SYN-ACK\u540e，\u56de\u590d\u7684ACK\u6570\u636e\u5305
\nACK, seq=x+1, ack=y+1<\/p>\n
\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u671f\u95f4，\u5728\u6574\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6309\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5173\u952e，\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4e22\u5305\u6216\u91cd\u590d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027，\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0d\u4f73\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（Socket）\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u90e8\u5206，\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1（IPC）\u7684\u624b\u6bb5，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u3002\u4ece\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684TCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u770b，\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42，\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684IP\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684TCP\/UDP\u534f\u8bae\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b：\u6d41\u5f0f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（SOCK_STREAM）\u3001\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（SOCK_DGRAM）\u548c\u539f\u59cb\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（SOCK_RAW）\u3002\u6d41\u5f0f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\u534f\u8bae，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u6027\u3002\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u57fa\u4e8eUDP\u534f\u8bae，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u9700\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8，\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e22\u5305\u6216\u4e71\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u6790，\u53ef\u53d1\u9001\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6，\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7a33\u5b9a\u4f20\u8f93，\u90a3\u4e48SOCK_STREAM\u662f\u4e0d\u4e8c\u4e4b\u9009；\u800c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u901f\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8，\u4e14\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u4e22\u5305，\u90a3\u4e48SOCK_DGRAM\u66f4\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\u3002 <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/socket.h><\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e
\nint socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d socket() \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u53c2\u6570 domain \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u65cf（\u5982IPv4\u6216IPv6）， type \u6307\u5b9a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b， protocol \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u79cdAPI，\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/socket.h><\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5230\u5730\u5740
\nint bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\nint listen(int sockfd, int backlog);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5
\nint accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668
\nint connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e
\nssize_t send(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e
\nssize_t recv(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags);<\/p>\n
\u975e\u963b\u585e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（Non-blocking socket）\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u800c\u201c\u6302\u8d77\u201d\u3002\u5728\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b，\u5982\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7acb\u5373\u5b8c\u6210，\u5219\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7801，\u8868\u660e\u8d44\u6e90\u6682\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u975e\u963b\u585e\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u6c42\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u8bbe\u8ba1\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u3002 <\/p>\n
IO\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528（\u5982select\u3001poll\u548cepoll）\u5141\u8bb8\u540c\u65f6\u76d1\u542c\u591a\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0a\u7684I\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387，\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5373\u53ef\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5，\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/select.h><\/p>\n
\/\/ select\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8eI\/O\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528
\nint select(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds, fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout);<\/p>\n
\/\/ FD_SET\u5b8f\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6
\nvoid FD_SET(int fd, fd_set *set);<\/p>\n
\/\/ FD_ISSET\u5b8f\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6\u4e2d
\nint FD_ISSET(int fd, fd_set *set);<\/p>\n
\/\/ FD_CLR\u5b8f\u7528\u4e8e\u6e05\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26
\nvoid FD_CLR(int fd, fd_set *set);<\/p>\n
\/\/ FD_ZERO\u5b8f\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u96c6
\nvoid FD_ZERO(fd_set *set);<\/p>\n
\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u9009\u9879\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03，\u4f8b\u5982\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0a\u7b49\u5f85\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u65f6\u963b\u585e\u53d1\u9001\u64cd\u4f5c，\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6eSO_LINGER\u9009\u9879\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/socket.h><\/p>\n
\/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u9009\u9879
\nint getsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int optname, void *optval, socklen_t *optlen);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u9009\u9879
\nint setsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int optname, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen);<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7 getsockopt() \u548c setsockopt() \u51fd\u6570，\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9009\u9879\u3002\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u884c\u4e3a，\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6eSO_REUSEADDR\u5141\u8bb8\u7aef\u53e3\u91cd\u7528，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u7aef\u53e3\u8fd8\u5728TIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 setsockopt() \u6765\u8bbe\u7f6eSO_REUSEADDR\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50： <\/p>\n
int yes = 1;
\nif (setsockopt(listen_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(yes)) < 0) {
\n perror("setsockopt");
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef
\n}<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u9009\u9879，\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42，\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u6765\u8bf4\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ee3\u7801\u6846\u67b6\u3002 <\/p>\n
TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801： <\/p>\n
\/\/ \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n
#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\n#include <string.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h><\/p>\n
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\n if (sockfd < 0) {
\n perror("ERROR opening socket");
\n exit(1);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5730\u5740
\n struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
\n memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
\n server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
\n server_addr.sin_port = htons(1234);<\/p>\n
if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
\n perror("ERROR on binding");
\n exit(1);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5
\n listen(sockfd, 10);
\n printf("Server listening on port 1234…\\\\n");<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5
\n struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
\n socklen_t client_len = sizeof(client_addr);
\n int newsockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &client_addr, &client_len);
\n if (newsockfd < 0) {
\n perror("ERROR on accept");
\n exit(1);
\n }<\/p>\n
char buffer[1024];
\n \/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e
\n int n = read(newsockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
\n if (n < 0) {
\n perror("ERROR reading from socket");
\n exit(1);
\n }
\n printf("Here is the message: %s\\\\n", buffer);<\/p>\n
n = write(newsockfd, buffer, n);
\n if (n < 0) {
\n perror("ERROR writing to socket");
\n exit(1);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n close(newsockfd);
\n close(sockfd);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
TCP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801： <\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n
#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\n#include <string.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <arpa\/inet.h><\/p>\n
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\n if (sockfd < 0) {
\n perror("ERROR opening socket");
\n exit(1);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740
\n struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
\n memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
\n server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n server_addr.sin_port = htons(1234);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5c06\u57df\u540d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aIP\u5730\u5740
\n if (inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &server_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
\n perror("ERROR inet_pton");
\n exit(1);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
\n perror("ERROR connecting");
\n exit(1);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e
\n char *message = "Hello, World!";
\n if (write(sockfd, message, strlen(message)) < 0) {
\n perror("ERROR writing to socket");
\n exit(1);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e
\n char buffer[1024] = {0};
\n int n = read(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
\n if (n < 0) {
\n perror("ERROR reading from socket");
\n exit(1);
\n }
\n printf("Received: %s\\\\n", buffer);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n close(sockfd);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u7ed1\u5b9a\u52301234\u7aef\u53e3，\u5e76\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u5e76\u56de\u590d\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u6700\u540e，\u4e24\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684API，\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6807\u8bc6，\u5b83\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u4e3b\u673a\u540e\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u8be5\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u54ea\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4ece0\u523065535，\u5176\u4e2d0\u52301023\u662f\u719f\u77e5\u7aef\u53e3（well-known ports），\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u9884\u7559\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1，\u4f8b\u5982HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u53e380，HTTPS\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u53e3443\u3002\u7aef\u53e3\u53f71024\u523049151\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u800c49152\u523065535\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6216\u79c1\u6709\u7aef\u53e3，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1，\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4e0eIP\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u8d77\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u5730\u5740\u201d，\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u80fd\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u5730\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7aef\u53e3\u6839\u636e\u5176\u7528\u9014\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b： <\/p>\n
\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u548c\u6709\u5e8f\u6027，\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5728\u67e5\u770b\u9632\u706b\u5899\u65e5\u5fd7\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5feb\u901f\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7aef\u53e3\u5206\u914d\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u8d1f\u8d23，\u9075\u5faaTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u3002\u7aef\u53e3\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u7406： <\/p>\n
\u7aef\u53e3\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7aef\u53e3\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u540c\u65f6，\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027，\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6743\u9650，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u719f\u77e5\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u6ce8\u518c\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u53d1\u751f\u65f6，\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u201c\u7aef\u53e3\u5df2\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u201d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8bca\u65ad\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec： <\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u5fc3\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7ba1\u7406，\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3，\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n
flowchart LR
\n A[\u5f00\u59cb\u8bca\u65ad] –> B[\u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5]
\n B –> C[\u8bc6\u522b\u5360\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b]
\n C –> D{\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u505c\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b?}
\n D — \u662f –> E[\u505c\u6b62\u51b2\u7a81\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f]
\n D — \u5426 –> F[\u66f4\u6539\u51b2\u7a81\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7]
\n E –> G[\u68c0\u67e5\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u5426\u89e3\u51b3]
\n F –> G
\n G — \u662f –> H[\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3]
\n G — \u5426 –> I[\u68c0\u67e5\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u7f6e]
\n I –> J{\u662f\u5426\u627e\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u6e90\u5934?}
\n J — \u662f –> H
\n J — \u5426 –> K[\u68c0\u67e5\u6b8b\u7559\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b]
\n K –> L{\u662f\u5426\u6e05\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5?}
\n L — \u662f –> H
\n L — \u5426 –> M[\u6e05\u7406\u6b8b\u7559\u9879]
\n M –> H<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u4e2d，\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u8be5\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6307\u5357\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u7840，\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728Web\u670d\u52a1\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u53cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c，\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u65f6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u7a7a\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4f53\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7c7b\u578b（\u5982GET\u6216POST）\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u7684HTTP\u7248\u672c\u3002 <\/p>\n
GET \/index.html HTTP\/1.1
\nHost: www.example.com
\nUser-Agent: Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)
\nAccept: text\/html,application\/xhtml+xml,application\/xml;q=0.9,*\/*;q=0.8
\nAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
\nConnection: close<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42 \/index.html \u8d44\u6e90，\u5e76\u6307\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u504f\u597d\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u6c42\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5957\u63a5\u5b57API\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d88\u606f\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5（\u5982GET\u6216POST）\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f\u540c\u6837\u7531\u72b6\u6001\u884c\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u3001\u7a7a\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d88\u606f\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u3002 <\/p>\n
HTTP\/1.1 200 OK
\nDate: Wed, 21 Oct 2023 07:28:00 GMT
\nServer: Apache\/2.4.1 (Unix)
\nContent-Type: text\/html; charset=UTF-8
\nContent-Length: 122<\/p>\n
<html>
\n<head><title>200 OK<\/title><\/head>
\n<body>
\n<h1>Success!<\/h1>
\n<\/body>
\n<\/html><\/p>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8868\u660e\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f（HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801200），\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684HTML\u9875\u9762\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20，\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u53d1\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bed\u8a00\u548c requests \u5e93\u53d1\u51faHTTP GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 <\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('http:\/\/www.example.com')<\/p>\n
print(response.status_code)
\nprint(response.text)<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 requests.get() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5411\u6307\u5b9a\u7684URL\u53d1\u51faGET\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 response \u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002 response.status_code \u548c response.text \u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bd4\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a，\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d，\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684 http.server \u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 <\/p>\n
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer<\/p>\n
class SimpleHTTPRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
\n def do_GET(self):
\n self.send_response(200)
\n self.send_header('Content-type', 'text\/html')
\n self.end_headers()
\n self.wfile.write(b'Hello, world!')<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':
\n server_address = ('', 8000)
\n httpd = HTTPServer(server_address, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
\n httpd.serve_forever()<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a SimpleHTTPRequestHandler \u7c7b，\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea BaseHTTPRequestHandler \u3002\u5f53\u63a5\u6536\u5230GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u201dHello, world!\u201d\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u672c\u57308000\u7aef\u53e3，\u5e76\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6846\u67b6\u5982Flask\u6216Django（Python）\u6765\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u652f\u6301\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406，\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u7840，\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u90fd\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u7684\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55，\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027，SSL（\u5b89\u5168\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5c42）\u548cTLS（\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u534f\u8bae）\u534f\u8bae\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528，\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6821\u9a8c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n
SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u901a\u9053\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae（\u5982HTTP\u3001SMTP\u7b49）\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6eSSL\/TLS\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u751f\u6210\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9\u3001\u7533\u8bf7\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u8bc1\u4e66\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u542f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n
\u751f\u6210SSL\u5bc6\u94a5\u548c\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u540d\u8bf7\u6c42（CSR） : bash openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048 openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86OpenSSL\u5de5\u5177\u751f\u62102048\u4f4d\u7684\u79c1\u94a5，\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aCSR\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u4e4b\u540e\u7533\u8bf7\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u8d2d\u4e70\u6216\u7533\u8bf7\u8bc1\u4e66 : \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784（CA）\u8d2d\u4e70SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u6709CA\u7b7e\u540d\u4f60\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528SSL : \u4ee5Apache\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8f91\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6（\u5982httpd.conf）\u6765\u542f\u7528SSL，\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u79c1\u94a5\u548c\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002 apache <IfModule mod_ssl.c> SSLCertificateFile "\/path\/to\/your\/certificate.crt" SSLCertificateKeyFile "\/path\/to\/server.key" <\/IfModule> \u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u6216\u91cd\u542fApache\u670d\u52a1，\u4f7f\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1SSL\u914d\u7f6e : \u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u7ebf\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u68c0\u67e5SSL\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 bash openssl s_client -connect yourdomain.com:443 \u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684SSL\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4，\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6eSSL\/TLS\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5206\u914d\u8bf7\u6c42，\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd： <\/p>\n
\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u7406 : \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b，\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u6d88\u8017\u8f83\u591a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b : \u5982\u4f7f\u7528Node.js\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u673a\u5236，\u5355\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u662f\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a，\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5355\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fc7\u8f7d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565： <\/p>\n
\u8f6e\u8be2（Round Robin） : \u8f6e\u6d41\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6743\u91cd（Weighted） : \u6839\u636e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6743\u91cd，\u6743\u91cd\u9ad8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5（Least Connections） : \u5c06\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u6563\u5217（Source Hashing） : \u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u6563\u5217，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u603b\u662f\u88ab\u8def\u7531\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8f6e\u8be2\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668
\nhttp {
\n upstream myapp1 {
\n server srv1.example.com;
\n server srv2.example.com;
\n server srv3.example.com;
\n }<\/p>\n
server {
\n listen 80;<\/p>\n
location \/ {
\n proxy_pass http:\/\/myapp1;
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a myapp1 \u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4，\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6e\u8be2\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u5206\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662fSSL\/TLS\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u8fd8\u662f\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u5e94\u7528，\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p>\n
\u7b80\u4ecb：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f，\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8eHTTP\u3001FTP\u3001SMTP\u7b49\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5，\u5305\u62ecTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u3001\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4ee5\u53ca\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u5e94\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
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