{"id":47919,"date":"2025-07-30T09:52:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T01:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/47919.html"},"modified":"2025-07-30T09:52:44","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T01:52:44","slug":"the-missing-semester-of-your-cs-education-%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-shell%e7%af%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/47919.html","title":{"rendered":"[ The Missing Semester of Your CS Education ] \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 shell\u7bc7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u800c\u8a00&#xff0c;\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u672a\u6765\u8001\u5e08\u6216\u4f01\u4e1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u7cbe\u901a\u201d\u7684&#xff0c;\u7136\u800c\u672a\u7ecf\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u8ff7\u832b&#xff0c;\u6b63\u5982 MIT \u8bfe\u7a0b The Missing Semester of Your CS Education \u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684&#xff1a; \u201c\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5165\u95e8\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u517b\u5427&#xff01;Let\u2019s Go&#xff01;&#x1f604;<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u5173\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5728b\u7ad9\u4e5f\u6709\u53cc\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1&#xff08;\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u8be5\u90fd\u80fd\u542c\u61c2&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u4e2a\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u5e26\u70b9\u53e3\u97f3\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94&#x1f622;&#xff09;[\u81ea\u5236\u53cc\u8bed\u5b57\u5e55] \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6559\u80b2\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u4e00\u8bfe(2020) &#8211; \u7b2c1\u8bb2 &#8211; \u8bfe\u7a0b\u6982\u89c8\u4e0e shell<\/p>\n<h3>Shell<\/h3>\n<p>\u2003\u2003\u5f53\u719f\u6089\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u754c\u9762\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u65f6&#xff0c;Shell\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4f60\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6309\u94ae\u548c\u6ed1\u5757&#xff0c;\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8eVMware\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e2d\u7684Ubuntu 22.04\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u6f14\u793a\u57fa\u7840Shell\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">date<\/span><br \/>\nSat Jul <span class=\"token number\">26<\/span> 03:27:54 PM CST <span class=\"token number\">2025<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u673a\u5668\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Windows\u4e2d\u8def\u5f84\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6760\\\\\u5206\u9694&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Linux \/ macOS \u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8def\u5f84\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u659c\u6760\/\u5206\u9694&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u4eec\u6302\u8f7d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u659c\u6760\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff1a;\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<li>\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff1a;\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u4ece\u9876\u90e8\u5f00\u59cb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello World&#034;<\/span><br \/>\nHello World<\/p>\n<p>echo\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u540e\u9762\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">which<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span><br \/>\n\/usr\/bin\/echo<\/p>\n<p>which\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u540e\u9762\u53c2\u6570\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">pwd<\/span><br \/>\n\/home\/richard<\/p>\n<p>pwd&#xff08;Print Working Directory&#xff09;\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span> \/home<br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:\/home$ <\/p>\n<p>cd&#xff08;Change Directory&#xff09;\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u6539\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>.\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>..\u8868\u793a\u7236\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:\/$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span><br \/>\nbin                home               mnt   sbin.usr-is-merged  usr<br \/>\nbin.usr-is-merged  lib                opt   snap                var<br \/>\nboot               lib64              proc  srv<br \/>\ncdrom              lib.usr-is-merged  root  swap.img<br \/>\ndev                lost&#043;found         run   sys<br \/>\netc                media              sbin  tmp<\/p>\n<p>ls\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u6d4f\u89c8\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:\/home$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd<\/span> ~<br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cd ~\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u5230\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>cd -\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> &#8211;help<br \/>\nUsage: <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>OPTION<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>. <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>FILE<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>.<br \/>\nList information about the FILEs <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>the current directory by default<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>.<br \/>\nSort entries alphabetically <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> none of -cftuvSUX nor &#8211;sort is specified.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;help\u53c2\u6570\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l<br \/>\ntotal <span class=\"token number\">40<\/span><br \/>\ndrwxr-xr-x <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span> richard richard <span class=\"token number\">4096<\/span> Mar  <span class=\"token number\">9<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span>:21 Desktop<br \/>\ndrwxr-xr-x <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span> richard richard <span class=\"token number\">4096<\/span> Mar  <span class=\"token number\">9<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span>:21 Documents<\/p>\n<p>lrwxrwxrwx   <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> root root          <span class=\"token number\">7<\/span> Apr <span class=\"token number\">22<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">2024<\/span> bin &#8211;<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> usr\/bin<br \/>\ndrwxr-xr-x   <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span> root root       <span class=\"token number\">4096<\/span> Feb <span class=\"token number\">26<\/span>  <span class=\"token number\">2024<\/span> bin.usr-is-merged<br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u4ec5\u5217\u4e3e\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u793a\u8bf4\u660e<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b&#xff08;\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff09;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b\u8bf4\u660e\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>d<\/td>\n<td>\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/td>\n<td>drwxr-xr-x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u672c\/\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>-rw-r&#8211;r&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>l<\/td>\n<td>\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n<td>\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>lrwxrwxrwx<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>c<\/td>\n<td>\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\n<td>\u7ec8\u7aef\u7b49\u4e32\u884c\u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\n<td>crw&#8211;w&#8212;-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>b<\/td>\n<td>\u5757\u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\n<td>\u78c1\u76d8\u7b49\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\n<td>brw-rw&#8212;-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>s<\/td>\n<td>\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/td>\n<td>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>srwxrwxrwx<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>p<\/td>\n<td>\u7ba1\u9053<\/td>\n<td>FIFO \u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>prw&#8212;&#8212;-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u5206\u4e3a 3\u7ec4&#xff08;\u6bcf\u7ec43\u5b57\u7b26&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7ec4\u522b\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<td>rwx<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<td>r-x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237<\/td>\n<td>r-x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u6743\u9650\u5b57\u7b26\u542b\u4e49&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5b57\u7b26\u6743\u9650\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>r<\/td>\n<td>\u8bfb<\/td>\n<td>\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\n<td>\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9&#xff08;ls&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w<\/td>\n<td>\u5199<\/td>\n<td>\u4fee\u6539\/\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>\u521b\u5efa\/\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>x<\/td>\n<td>\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<td>\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\/\u811a\u672c<\/td>\n<td>\u8fdb\u5165\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;cd&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5373\u4f7f\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u6709 w \u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u6ca1\u6709 w&#xff0c;\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u6e05\u7a7a\u6216\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u5220\u9664\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u5b83<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709\u5176\u6240\u6709\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff1a;\/usr\/bin\/echo\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709\/usr \/bin\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u6211\u5c06\u4e0d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<p>mv\u80fd\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u91cd\u547d\u540d cp\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6 \u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570 \u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8981\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 rm\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6 rmdir\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55 \u4f46\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55 \u9632\u6b62\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u6587\u4ef6 mkdir\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> My Photos<\/p>\n<p>mkdir\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">mkdir<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;My Photos&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u5219\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55 man&#043;\u6307\u4ee4 \u67e5\u627e\u624b\u518c ctrl&#043;l\u6e05\u7a7a\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n<h4>\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41<\/h4>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> hello <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> hello.txt<\/p>\n<p>&gt;\u8986\u76d6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6587\u4ef6 &lt;\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> hello.txt<br \/>\nhello<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7cat\u6307\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>hello.txt<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span>hello2.txt<br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> hello2.txt<br \/>\nhello<\/p>\n<p>&lt;\u5c06hello.txt\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7&gt;\u5c06cat\u6253\u5370\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u8f93\u51fa\u5230hello2.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>hello.txt<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;&gt;<\/span>hello2.txt<br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> hello2.txt<br \/>\nhello<br \/>\nhello<\/p>\n<p>&gt;&gt;\u8868\u793a\u8ffd\u52a0\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8986\u76d6(append instead of overwrite)<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> -l<span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token function\">tail<\/span> -n1<br \/>\ndrwxrwxr-x <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span> richard richard <span class=\"token number\">4096<\/span> Mar  <span class=\"token number\">9<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">12<\/span>:26 web<\/p>\n<p>\u7ba1\u9053\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26|\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u5de6\u4fa7\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53f3\u4fa7\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u6210\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf<\/p>\n<p>tail\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<h4>\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n<p>root\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eWindows\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5&#xff0c;\u5018\u82e5\u4e00\u76f4\u4f7f\u7528root\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4f1a\u5f7b\u5e95\u6bc1\u574f\u4f60\u7684\u7535\u8111&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:\/sys\/class\/backlight$ <span class=\"token function\">sudo<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">su<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>sudo<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> password <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> richard:<br \/>\nroot&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:\/sys\/class\/backlight<span class=\"token comment\"># <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7sudo su\u6765\u8fdb\u5165root\u8eab\u4efd&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7531$\u53d8\u4e3a#<\/p>\n<p>root&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:\/sys\/class\/backlight<span class=\"token comment\"># exit<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">exit<\/span><br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:\/sys\/class\/backlight$<\/p>\n<p>exit\u6765\u9000\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">xdg-open<\/span> hello.txt<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728terminal\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">foo<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>bar<br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$foo<\/span><br \/>\nbar<\/p>\n<p>\u5728shell\u4e2d&#xff0c;$\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a$\u65f6&#xff0c;shell\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c&#xff01;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> foo \u4f1a\u88abShell\u89c6\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n<li>$foo \u544a\u8bc9Shell\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello&#034;<\/span><br \/>\nHello<br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">foo<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>World<br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello foo&#034;<\/span><br \/>\nHello foo<br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello <span class=\"token variable\">$foo<\/span>&#034;<\/span><br \/>\nHello World<\/p>\n<p>\u5728shell\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u6ce8\u610f\u7a7a\u683cspace\u7684\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26&#xff0c;\u5018\u82e5\u591a\u6253\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u62a5\u9519&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token boolean\">false<\/span><br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$?<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token boolean\">true<\/span><br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$?<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>$? \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>false \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a Shell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u96f6\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001&#xff08;\u5931\u8d25&#xff09;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a 1&#xff08;\u8868\u793a\u5931\u8d25&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>true \u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a Shell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001&#xff08;\u6210\u529f&#xff09;\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a 0&#xff08;\u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2003\u2003\u8fd9\u91cc\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u6709\u70b9\u53cd\u5e38\u7406&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d0\u662ffalse&#xff0c;\u975e\u96f6\u662ftrue&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u91cc\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4e86&#xff1f; \u2003\u2003\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5230c\u3001c&#043;&#043;\u4e2dmain\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u4e86&#xff01;main() \u51fd\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd4\u56de0 \u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u975e\u96f6\u8868\u793a\u9519\u8bef&#xff08;\u5982 return 1;&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u529f&#xff08;\u552f\u4e00\u72b6\u6001 0&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5931\u8d25&#xff08;\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u539f\u56e0&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u975e\u96f6\u503c\u533a\u5206&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>0 &#061; \u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u8bef&#xff08;\u6210\u529f&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>1 &#061; \u901a\u7528\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n<li>2 &#061; \u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n<li>3 &#061; \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token boolean\">false<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">||<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Oops fail&#034;<\/span><br \/>\nOops fail<br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token boolean\">true<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">||<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Will be not be printed&#034;<\/span><br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$<\/p>\n<p>shell\u4e2d||\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faa\u77ed\u8def\u539f\u5219&#xff0c;&amp;&amp;\u540c\u7406&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;We are now at <span class=\"token variable\"><span class=\"token variable\">$(<\/span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">pwd<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">)<\/span><\/span>&#034;<\/span><br \/>\nWe are now at \/home\/richard<\/p>\n<p>shell\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528$(command)\u8fdb\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span><br \/>\nDesktop    Downloads   hello.txt  Pictures  snap       Videos<br \/>\nDocuments  hello2.txt  Music      Public    Templates  web<br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> *.txt<br \/>\nhello2.txt  hello.txt<\/p>\n<p>*\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u914d\u7b26&#xff08;globbing&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26&#xff08;\u5305\u62ec\u96f6\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff09;\u3002Shell\u4f1a\u5728\u6267\u884cls \u524d\u5148\u5c55\u5f00 *.txt&#xff0c;\u5c06\u5176\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff0c;\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7f00\u4e3a.txt\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> hello?.txt<br \/>\nhello2.txt<br \/>\nrichard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">ls<\/span> hello*.txt<br \/>\nhello2.txt  hello.txt<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230?\u4e5f\u662f\u901a\u914d\u7b26&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff08;\u533a\u522b\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token shebang important\">#!\/usr\/bin\/env python3 #\u81ea\u52a8\u67e5\u627epython3<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7Shell\u8c03\u7528Python\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u52bf&#xff1a;Shell\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u7ed3\u5408Python\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u5e93\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5728\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u597dpython\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">import<\/span> sys<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8eshell\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884cpython\u6307\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u5e93\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u6765\u8ba9python\u63a5\u53d7shell\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">history<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u2b06\ufe0f\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528history\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>richard&#064;richard-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ <span class=\"token function\">history<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">git<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7history &#043;N | grep &#043;\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u6307\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684N\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u547d\u4ee4&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>tree<\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff01;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb1k\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e30\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf16\u6b21\u3002\u672c\u6587\u662f\u6839\u636eMIT\u8bfe\u7a0b[ The Missing Semester of Your CS Education ]\u6240\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684shell\u7bc7\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728shell\u4e2d\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6307\u4ee4\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[352,371,305],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-47919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-bash","tag-371","tag-305"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>[ The Missing Semester of Your CS Education ] \u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0 shell\u7bc7 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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