{"id":47874,"date":"2025-07-30T09:37:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T01:37:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/47874.html"},"modified":"2025-07-30T09:37:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T01:37:08","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e5%88%b0%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5%ef%bc%9a%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e7%8a%b6%e6%80%81%e7%9a%84%e6%a0%b8%e5%bf%83%e9%80%bb%e8%be%91%e4%b8%8e-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/47874.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e Linux \u5b9e\u73b0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 \u201c\u751f\u8001\u75c5\u6b7b\u201d \u5e76\u975e\u968f\u673a\u65e0\u5e8f，\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u4e00\u5957\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u6240\u8c03\u63a7\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u542f\u52a8\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u7684 \u201c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u671f\u201d，\u56e0\u7b49\u5f85\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u8fdb\u5165\u7684 \u201c\u963b\u585e\u6001\u201d，\u8fd8\u662f\u56e0\u5185\u5b58\u7d27\u5f20\u88ab\u6682\u65f6\u6362\u51fa\u7684 \u201c\u6302\u8d77\u6001\u201d，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5207\u6362\u80cc\u540e，\u85cf\u7740\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u62c6\u89e3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001：\u5148\u4ece\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u51fa\u53d1，\u89e3\u6790 \u201c\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u963b\u585e\u3001\u6302\u8d77\u201d \u4e09\u5927\u57fa\u7840\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u672c\u8d28 \u2014\u2014 \u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7 PCB（\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757）\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u961f\u5217\u95f4\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u72b6\u6001\u5207\u6362，\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u548c\u961f\u5217\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c；\u518d\u805a\u7126 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf，\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u4e3e\u5176\u7279\u6709\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001（\u5982 R\u3001S\u3001D\u3001Z\u3001T \u7b49），\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u6bcf\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u3001\u5185\u6838\u903b\u8f91\u53ca\u89c2\u5bdf\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u662f\u60f3\u7406\u89e3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u539f\u7406，\u8fd8\u662f\u60f3\u641e\u61c2 Linux \u4e2d \u201c\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u201d\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u201d \u7b49\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898，\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u5c06\u4e3a\u4f60\u642d\u5efa\u8d77\u4ece\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6865\u6881，\u8ba9\u4f60\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4ece \u201c\u96f6\u6563\u6982\u5ff5\u201d \u5347\u534e\u4e3a \u201c\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u903b\u8f91\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001（\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf）<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u884c&&\u963b\u585e&&\u6302\u8d77（\u6982\u5ff5）<\/p>\n

\u2705 1\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n

\u672c\u8d28：\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n

🧠 2\u3001PCB：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757\u662f\u8c03\u5ea6\u6838\u5fc3<\/p>\n

🏃\u200d\u2642\ufe0f 3\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217 runqueue<\/p>\n

💡 4\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u5207\u6362\u7684\u672c\u8d28：PCB\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u961f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u79fb\u52a8<\/p>\n

🖥\ufe0f 5\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 device \u4e0e\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217<\/p>\n

🔁 6\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u00a0Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n

\u72b6\u6001\u5217\u4e3e<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/p>\n

\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001（\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf）<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e3a\u4e86\u5f04\u660e\u767d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001（\u5728Linux\u5185\u6838\u91cc，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a\u4efb\u52a1）\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528#define，\u5b8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001，\u5728task_struct\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5b9a\u4e49\u6574\u5f62\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5bf9\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u662ftask_struct\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u884c&&\u963b\u585e&&\u6302\u8d77（\u6982\u5ff5）<\/span><\/h3>\n

CPU\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5148\u627e\u5230PCB，\u901a\u8fc7PCB\u627e\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u961f\u5217\u3002
\n \u8c03\u5ea6\u961f\u5217\u5c31\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a ready \u6216 running \u7684\u201c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u540d\u5355\u201d，\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c01\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab CPU \u6267\u884c，\u800c\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u5c31\u662f\u6311\u9009\u201c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u573a\u7684\u9009\u624b\u201d\u7684\u88c1\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217sruct struct*runqueue，\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2aPCB\u7ed3\u70b9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5PCB\u65e2\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u94fe\u8868\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u884c：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8c03\u5ea6\u961f\u5217\u4e2d，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u662frunning\u3002<\/p>\n

\u963b\u585e：\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u79cd\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u8005\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u50cf\u952e\u76d8，\u663e\u793a\u5668，\u7f51\u5361\u7b49\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u50cf\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406–\u5148\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53device\u4e32\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2adevice\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u6302\u8d77：CPU，\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u6bd4\u8f83\u7d27\u65f6，\u5c06\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5230\u5916\u8bbe\u78c1\u76d8\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u4e2d，\u817e\u51fa\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u3002（\u963b\u585e\u6302\u8d77\u548c\u5c31\u7eea\u6302\u8d77）<\/p>\n

\u2705 1\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u672c\u8d28：\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ef4\u62a4\u591a\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53，\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9 CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u201d<\/p>\n

\n

🧠 2\u3001PCB：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757\u662f\u8c03\u5ea6\u6838\u5fc3<\/span><\/h3>\n

struct task_struct {
\n pid_t pid;
\n long state; \/\/ \u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001：running\u3001sleeping \u7b49
\n unsigned long flags;
\n struct mm_struct *mm; \/\/ \u6307\u5411\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6307\u9488
\n struct task_struct *parent;
\n struct list_head run_list; \/\/ \u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u7528\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9
\n …
\n};<\/p>\n

\u2733 \u4f4d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    \u6240\u6709 PCB \u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d，\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u540c\u65f6\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u4f1a\u88ab\u6302\u5165\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217 runqueue\u4e2d，\u4f9b\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u9009\u62e9\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \n

    🏃\u200d\u2642\ufe0f 3\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217 runqueue<\/span><\/h3>\n

    struct runqueue {
    \n struct task_struct *curr; \/\/ \u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1
    \n struct list_head queue; \/\/ \u4efb\u52a1\u94fe\u8868
    \n int nr_running; \/\/ \u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6570
    \n};<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u4ece runqueue \u91cc\u9009\u51fa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9 CPU \u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u6240\u4ee5 \u201c\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u201d = \u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d + \u88ab CPU \u9009\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4e2d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n

      💡 4\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u5207\u6362\u7684\u672c\u8d28：PCB\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u961f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u79fb\u52a8<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\u72b6\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      running<\/td>\n\u5360\u7528 CPU \u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c<\/td>\nPCB \u5728 runqueue \u4e2d，\u4e14\u88ab\u8c03\u5ea6\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      ready<\/td>\n\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u8fd0\u884c\u4f46\u6682\u672a\u88ab\u8c03\u5ea6<\/td>\nPCB \u5728 runqueue \u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85 CPU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      sleeping<\/td>\n\u7b49\u5f85 I\/O（\u5982\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u7f51\u5361\u7b49）<\/td>\nPCB \u88ab\u6302\u5230\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 wait_queue \u4e0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      zombie<\/td>\n\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u4f46\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u672a\u56de\u6536\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\nPCB \u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8868\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      stopped<\/td>\n\u88ab\u6682\u505c<\/td>\n\u88ab\u6302\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u6682\u505c\u72b6\u6001\u961f\u5217（\u5982 ptrace）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \n

      🖥\ufe0f 5\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 device \u4e0e\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217<\/span><\/h3>\n

      struct device {
      \n int id;
      \n int status; \/\/ \u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea
      \n void *data; \/\/ \u8bbe\u5907\u79c1\u6709\u6570\u636e
      \n struct device *next; \/\/ \u4e32\u8054\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907
      \n int type; \/\/ \u7c7b\u578b：\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u7f51\u5361…
      \n struct task_struct *wait_queue; \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u6b64\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u961f\u5217
      \n};<\/p>\n

      \u8bbe\u5907\u8bbf\u95ee\u6d41\u7a0b：<\/p>\n

    • \n

      \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bbe\u5907\u4f46\u8bbe\u5907\u672a\u5c31\u7eea<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u5f53\u524d PCB \u52a0\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 wait_queue<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u5c06\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u8bbe\u4e3a sleeping<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u5f53\u8bbe\u5907\u5c31\u7eea，\u5524\u9192 wait_queue \u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b \u2192 \u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u5165 runqueue<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      \n

      🔁 6\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe<\/span><\/h3>\n

      +———-+ block (I\/O wait) +————+
      \n| running | ———————–> | sleeping |
      \n+———-+ +————+
      \n |
      \n | preempt\/yield
      \n v
      \n+———-+ wakeup +————+
      \n| ready | <———————- | waiting |
      \n+———-+ +————+
      \n |
      \n | schedule()
      \n v
      \n+———-+
      \n| running |
      \n+———-+<\/p>\n

      \u2705 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f：<\/p>\n

      \u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d44\u6e90，\u901a\u8fc7\u961f\u5217\u8c03\u5ea6\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u901a\u8fc7\u72b6\u6001\u5207\u6362\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u53d1\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

      \u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8868\u73b0\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d41\u52a8，\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u3002\u628aPCB\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u6765\u56de\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u00a0Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001<\/h2>\n

      \u72b6\u6001\u5217\u4e3e<\/h3>\n

      static const char *const task_state_array[] = {
      \n"R (running)", \/*0 *\/
      \n"S (sleeping)", \/*1 *\/
      \n"D (disk sleep)", \/*2 *\/
      \n"T (stopped)", \/*4 *\/
      \n"t (tracing stop)", \/*8 *\/
      \n"X (dead)", \/*16 *\/
      \n"Z (zombie)", \/*32 *\/
      \n}; <\/p>\n

      R\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001（running）: \u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d，\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8981\u4e48\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u91cc\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

      S\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001（sleeping): \u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6210（\u8fd9\u2fa5\u7684\u7761\u7720\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720 （interruptible sleep））\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      D\u78c1\u76d8\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001（Disk sleep）\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u53eb\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001（uninterruptible sleep），\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a \u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85IO\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u505c\u2f4c\u72b6\u6001（stopped）： \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001 SIGSTOP \u4fe1\u53f7\u7ed9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u505c\u2f4c（T）\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u6682\u505c\u7684 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001 SIGCONT \u4fe1\u53f7\u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u2f8f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      X\u6b7b\u4ea1\u72b6\u6001（dead）：\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001，\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u4efb\u52a1\u5217\u8868\u2fa5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      \u6709+\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5728\u524d\u53f0\u51fa\u73b0，\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709+\u662f\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u00a0while :; do ps axj | head -n 1; ps axj | grep -v grep | grep code; sleep 1; done<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0grep -v grep\u00a0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6280\u5de7，\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u9664\u5305\u542b\u00a0grep\u00a0\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

      .\/code &(\u5728\u540e\u9762\u52a0&)\u00a0<\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      \u7b49\u5f85\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165，S\u963b\u585esleeping\u00a0 \u00a0\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u4f11\u7720，\u6d45\u5ea6\u7761\u7720，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6740\u6389<\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      T，t\u6682\u505c\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span><\/p>\n

      debug\u4e0b，gdb\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65ad\u70b9\u8c03\u8bd5，t\u8fdb\u884c\u8ffd\u8e2a<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      \u00a0ctrl Z \u6682\u505c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"\"\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

      \u00a0D \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f11\u7720，\u4ee3\u8868\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e2a I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c（\u5982\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5916\u8bbe\u4ea4\u4e92\u7b49）\u5b8c\u6210，\u4e14\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u6216\u6740\u6b7b\u3002\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u505a\u6f14\u793a，\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u9ad8IO\u64cd\u4f5c，\u82e5\u51fa\u73b0D，\u5c31\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8\u7b49\u8bbe\u5907\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      Z\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc，\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u8981\u4e48\u662fbash\u7684，\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684，\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u76ee\u7684，\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u3002\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u4e0d\u80fd\u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90，\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7684 PCB \u4fe1\u606f，\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6682\u65f6\u7ef4\u6301\u4f4f，\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u4e4b\u540e，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u524d，\u5c31\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u662fZ\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      #include <sys\/types.h>
      \n#include <unistd.h>
      \n#include <stdio.h>
      \nint main(){
      \n pid_t id=fork();
      \n if(id<0){
      \n perror("fork");
      \n }
      \n else if(id==0){
      \n int count=5;
      \n while(count–){
      \n printf("\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b,pid=%d,count:%d.\\\\n",getpid(),count);
      \n sleep(1);
      \n }
      \n }<\/p>\n

      else{
      \n while(1){
      \n printf("\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b，pid=%d\\\\n",getpid());
      \n sleep(1);
      \n }
      \n }<\/p>\n

      return 0;
      \n} <\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      \u5f53\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728 5 \u79d2\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u65f6，\u7531\u4e8e\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709\u8c03\u7528wait()\u6216waitpid()\u6765\u56de\u6536\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b（Z \u72b6\u6001）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \u5982\u679c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u7ba1，\u4e0d\u56de\u6536，\u4e0d\u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f，\u90a3\u4e48Z\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728，\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u4e86，\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0d\u5728？\u81ea\u5df1\u4ee3\u7801\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684？\u5e38\u9a7b\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/h4>\n

      \u7ed3\u675f\u8bed<\/h2>\n

      \u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ba1\u7406，\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9 \u201c\u6709\u9650\u8d44\u6e90\u201d \u4e0e \u201c\u65e0\u9650\u9700\u6c42\u201d \u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u827a\u672f\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\u7684 \u201c\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u963b\u585e\u3001\u6302\u8d77\u201d \u6a21\u578b，\u5230 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5212\u5206（\u5982 D \u72b6\u6001\u5bf9 I\/O \u539f\u5b50\u6027\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001Z \u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u652f\u6301），\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u90fd\u627f\u8f7d\u7740\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u76ee\u6807 \u2014\u2014 \u65e2\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c，\u53c8\u8981\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \u7406\u89e3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001，\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u638c\u63e1 \u201c\u67e5\u770b\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u201c\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u201d \u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u80fd，\u66f4\u80fd\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u900f\u8fc7\u73b0\u8c61\u770b\u672c\u8d28：\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7 PCB \u548c\u961f\u5217 \u201c\u64cd\u63a7\u201d \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f？\u4e0d\u540c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u5982\u4f55\u4f53\u73b0 \u201c\u8c03\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u201d \u4e0e \u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u4f9d\u8d56\u201d \u7684\u6743\u8861？\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u8003，\u5c06\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u6253\u4e0b\u575a\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u95ee\u9898（\u5982\u957f\u671f D \u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u3001\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6e05\u7406），\u4e0d\u59a8\u56de\u5934\u518d\u68b3\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u903b\u8f91 \u2014\u2014 \u7b54\u6848\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u85cf\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u4e2d\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u5206\u4eab\u4f60\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b，\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5728 \u201c\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u5bfc\u5b9e\u8df5，\u5b9e\u8df5\u53cd\u54fa\u7406\u89e3\u201d \u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d，\u6df1\u5316\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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