{"id":47861,"date":"2025-07-30T09:32:57","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T01:32:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/47861.html"},"modified":"2025-07-30T09:32:57","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T01:32:57","slug":"%e5%a4%9a%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/47861.html","title":{"rendered":"\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1a;\u4ece\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5230\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5904\u7406<\/h2>\n<h3>\u5e76\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/li>\n<h3>\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u9500\u6bc1&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u59a5\u5584\u5b89\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u4ecd\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u7740\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8868\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4ea7\u751f\u539f\u56e0\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528exit\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\u5728main\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6267\u884creturn\u8bed\u53e5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7ec8\u6b62\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u4f20\u9012\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e3b\u52a8\u7d22\u53d6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u7d22\u53d6&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u6d88\u706d\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<h5>1. \u4f7f\u7528wait\u51fd\u6570<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wait<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>wait\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3b\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff08;\u5b58\u50a8\u5728status\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5b58&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e5f\u8c03\u7528wait&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u963b\u585e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2. \u4f7f\u7528waitpid\u51fd\u6570<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">waitpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> pid<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> options<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>waitpid\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u63a7\u5236&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7b49\u5f85\u7279\u5b9a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528WNOHANG\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u975e\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4fe1\u53f7\u673a\u5236&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684&#034;\u5373\u65f6\u901a\u8baf&#034;<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528wait\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u3002\u4fe1\u53f7\u673a\u5236\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>signal\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;\u6ce8\u518c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token function\">signal<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> sig<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>func<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8868\u793a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53c2\u65701&#xff1a;\u4fe1\u53f7\u7c7b\u578b&#xff08;\u5982SIGALRM\u3001SIGINT\u3001SIGCHLD&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u53c2\u65702&#xff1a;\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de&#xff1a;\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>alarm\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;\u5b9a\u65f6\u4fe1\u53f7<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">alarm<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> seconds<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668&#xff0c;\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u4ea7\u751fSIGALRM\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u7279\u522b\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a0\u4f1a\u53d6\u6d88\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u518c\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>sigaction\u51fd\u6570&#xff1a;\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">sigaction<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> signum<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sigaction<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>act<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n             <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sigaction<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>oldact<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>sigaction\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5305\u542b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sa_handler&#xff1a;\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>sa_sigaction&#xff1a;\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>sa_mask&#xff1a;\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u8981\u963b\u585e\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u96c6<\/li>\n<li>sa_flags&#xff1a;\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n<h4>fork\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u590d\u5236\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u672c\u8eab&#xff08;\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u5219&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e94\u5173\u95ed\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/li>\n<li>\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e94\u5173\u95ed\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/li>\n<li>\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u90fd\u5173\u95ed&#xff0c;\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u624d\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u9500\u6bc1<\/li>\n<h3>\u5206\u5272TCP\u7684I\/O\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4f18\u52bf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1<\/li>\n<li>\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/li>\n<li>\u63d0\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<h4>\u5e76\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6846\u67b6<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5<\/span><br \/>\n    clnt_sock <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">accept<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>serv_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n    pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>serv_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">handle_client<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>clnt_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>clnt_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>clnt_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6ce8\u518cSIGCHLD\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u9632\u6b62\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">signal<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>SIGCHLD<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> handle_child_term<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">handle_child_term<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> sig<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> status<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">waitpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> WNOHANG<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">WIFEXITED<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;Child %d terminated\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> pid<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sigaction<\/span> act<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    act<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sa_handler <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> handle_child_term<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">sigemptyset<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>act<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sa_mask<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    act<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sa_flags <span class=\"token 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