{"id":46648,"date":"2025-07-30T03:47:23","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T19:47:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/46648.html"},"modified":"2025-07-30T03:47:23","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T19:47:23","slug":"%e6%9e%84%e5%bb%ba%e5%a4%9a%e5%ae%a2%e6%88%b7%e7%ab%af%e5%b9%b6%e5%8f%91%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%ef%bc%9asocket%e4%b8%8e%e5%a4%9a%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/46648.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6784\u5efa\u591a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e76\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1aSocket\u4e0e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6280\u672f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\" <\/p>\n

\u7b80\u4ecb：\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684Socket\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3，\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5e94\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6280\u672f，\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u6db5\u76d6Socket\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4，\u5e76\u4ee5TCP\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f85\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u6750\u6599，\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u638c\u63e1\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u3002 \"socket <\/p>\n

1. Socket\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840 <\/h2>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f，Socket\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u7d22Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

1.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406 <\/h3>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6d89\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5：IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002IP\u5730\u5740\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a，\u800c\u7aef\u53e3\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u8be5\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

\/\/ \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2asocket
\nint sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， socket \u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684socket\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528IPv4（ AF_INET ）\u548cTCP\u534f\u8bae（ SOCK_STREAM ）\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2asocket\u968f\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u76d1\u542c\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

1.2 Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b <\/h3>\n

Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u67b6\u6784，\u5176\u4e2d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u76d1\u542c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n

\/\/ \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3
\nstruct sockaddr_in server_addr;
\nbind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
\nlisten(sockfd, BACKLOG);<\/p>\n

\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef，\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 server_addr ，\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7 bind \u51fd\u6570\u5c06socket\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6700\u540e，\u901a\u8fc7 listen \u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u5f97socket\u5904\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001，\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840，\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u548cTCP\u534f\u8bae\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n

2. \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528 <\/h2>\n

2.1 \u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5 <\/h3>\n

2.1.1 \u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0e\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u533a\u522b <\/h4>\n

\u5e76\u53d1（Concurrency）\u4e0e\u5e76\u884c（Parallelism）\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u524d，\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5e76\u53d1\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u4ea4\u66ff\u6267\u884c，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5，\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5728\u5355\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a，\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u8c03\u5ea6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u7b49\u5f85 I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6，\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1，\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a0b\u5e8f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5e76\u884c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5e76\u884c\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u591a\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u591a\u6838\u7279\u6027，\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e76\u884c\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u66ff\u5904\u7406，\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.1.2 \u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027 <\/h4>\n

\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u54cd\u5e94\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5177\u5907\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42，\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u9762\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u540c\u65f6，\u4e5f\u80fd\u51c6\u5907\u54cd\u5e94\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42，\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u56e0\u4e3a I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u65f6，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u963b\u585e\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406，\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5730\u5229\u7528 CPU \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u62bd\u8c61，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5806\u6808\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u5e76\u884c\u8fd0\u884c，\u4ece\u800c\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.2 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f <\/h3>\n

2.2.1 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u6bd4\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347 <\/h4>\n

\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u663e\u8457\u7684\u63d0\u5347，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728 I\/O \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9047\u5230 I\/O \u963b\u585e\u65f6，\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8ba9 CPU \u5904\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f2\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u6bd4\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762： <\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u5347 ：\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f7f\u5f97 CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5229\u7528，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u4e2a CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u65f6，\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u5730\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838\u4f18\u52bf\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u54cd\u5e94\u6027\u589e\u5f3a ：\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u4e0b，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u54cd\u5e94\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u541e\u5410\u91cf\u589e\u52a0 ：\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1，\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d，\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2.2.2 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 <\/h4>\n

    \u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53d8\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406，\u8fd9\u6837\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7531\u4e8e\u7b49\u5f85\u6570\u636e\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u5904\u4e8e\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u65f6，\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u4f8b\u5982，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u8bf4，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b，\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u5141\u8bb8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898，\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784，\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1，\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u867d\u7136\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347，\u4f46\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u6b7b\u9501\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90，\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u521b\u5efa Socket \u548c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4，\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u5bf9\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3. \u521b\u5efaSocket\u548c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4 <\/h2>\n

    3.1 Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b <\/h3>\n

    3.1.1 \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5206\u7c7b <\/h4>\n

    \u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d，\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（Socket），\u5b83\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7aef\u70b9\u3002\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u4ef6，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4f7f\u5f97\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u6362\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b： <\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u6d41\u5f0f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（SOCK_STREAM） ：\u8fd9\u79cd\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e0d\u4e22\u5931\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u662fTCP\u534f\u8bae\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（SOCK_DGRAM） ：\u8fd9\u79cd\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f，\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5305\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027，\u56e0\u6b64\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e22\u5931\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u590d\u5305\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662fUDP\u534f\u8bae\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u539f\u59cb\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（SOCK_RAW） ：\u8fd9\u79cd\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u539f\u59cb\u534f\u8bae\u5305，\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u59cb\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u662f\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684，\u4f8b\u5982\u5728C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 socket() \u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5： <\/p>\n

    #include <sys\/socket.h>
    \n#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n

    int main() {
    \n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    \n if (sockfd < 0) {
    \n perror("socket creation failed");
    \n return 1;
    \n }
    \n \/\/ …\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， socket() \u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6d41\u5f0f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57， AF_INET \u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528IPv4\u5730\u5740， SOCK_STREAM \u6307\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684TCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.1.2 Socket\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4 <\/h4>\n

    Socket\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u6765\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u4fe1\u7aef\u70b9，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u5305\u62ec： <\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u534f\u8bae（Protocol） <\/li>\n
    • \u672c\u5730IP\u5730\u5740（Local IP） <\/li>\n
    • \u672c\u5730\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7（Local Port） <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7aef\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u672c\u5730IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u800c\u534f\u8bae\u90e8\u5206，\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b，\u6bd4\u5982TCP（Transmission Control Protocol）\u6216UDP（User Datagram Protocol）\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u534f\u8bae\u548c\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u901a\u4fe1\u7aef\u70b9\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3001IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c，\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c06\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u901a\u4fe1\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 socket() \u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e4b\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6eIP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7，\u4f8b\u5982 bind() \u51fd\u6570： <\/p>\n

      #include <netinet\/in.h>
      \n#include <sys\/socket.h>
      \n#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n

      int main() {
      \n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
      \n if (sockfd < 0) {
      \n perror("socket creation failed");
      \n return 1;
      \n }<\/p>\n

      struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
      \n serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
      \n serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); \/\/ \u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740
      \n serv_addr.sin_port = htons(12345); \/\/ \u7aef\u53e3\u53f7<\/p>\n

      if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
      \n perror("bind failed");
      \n return 1;
      \n }
      \n \/\/ …\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 bind() \u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002 <\/p>\n

      3.2 \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5 <\/h3>\n

      3.2.1 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9 <\/h4>\n

      \u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d，\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u901a\u9053\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u3002\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f16\u4f4d\u7684\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u6570，\u6709\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u4ece0\u523065535\u3002\u5176\u4e2d，0\u52301023\u662f\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u7aef\u53e3，\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8005\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u670d\u52a1（\u5982HTTP\u768480\u7aef\u53e3，HTTPS\u7684443\u7aef\u53e3）\u6240\u5360\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u62e980\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6765\u8bf4，\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6216\u5b66\u4e60\u76ee\u7684，\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5927\u4e8e1023\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3002 <\/p>\n

      3.2.2 \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898 <\/h4>\n

      \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528 bind() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898，\u6bd4\u5982： <\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u7aef\u53e3\u5df2\u88ab\u5360\u7528 ：\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7aef\u53e3， bind() \u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u6216\u8005\u5173\u95ed\u5360\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3 ：\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e1024\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        IP\u5730\u5740\u9009\u62e9 ：\u901a\u5e38\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5730\u5740（0.0.0.0），\u8fd9\u6837\u670d\u52a1\u5c31\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u4efb\u4f55IP\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8868\u683c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86 bind() \u51fd\u6570\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u53ca\u5176\u542b\u4e49： <\/p>\n\n \u9519\u8bef\u7801 \u542b\u4e49 <\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        EACCES <\/td>\n \u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3，\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u53d7\u9650\u7aef\u53e3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        EADDRINUSE <\/td>\n \u7aef\u53e3\u5df2\u88ab\u5360\u7528 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        EADDRNOTAVAIL <\/td>\n \u6307\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u6216\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        EINVAL <\/td>\n \u65e0\u6548\u7684\u53c2\u6570 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ENOTCONN <\/td>\n \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u672a\u8fde\u63a5 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u2026 <\/td>\n \u2026 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \u5728\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u540e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u76d1\u542c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 listen() \u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684，\u5b83\u5c06\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e4b\u540e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528 accept() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u70b9\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002 <\/p>\n

        \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b，\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 listen() \u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e3a\u76d1\u542c\u6a21\u5f0f： <\/p>\n

        #include <sys\/socket.h>
        \n#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n

        int main() {
        \n \/\/ …\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801，\u5047\u8bbe\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e86\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
        \n int sockfd = …;<\/p>\n

        if (listen(sockfd, 5) < 0) {
        \n perror("listen failed");
        \n return 1;
        \n }
        \n \/\/ …\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801，\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5
        \n}<\/p>\n

        \u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001，\u5e76\u4e14\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u6df1\u5ea6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a5\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u74065\u4e2a\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf，\u8d85\u51fa\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u8005\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n

        4. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h2>\n

        \u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u76d1\u542c\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002 <\/p>\n

        4.1 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u5236 <\/h3>\n

        \u76d1\u542c\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\u3002\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5c06\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a，\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

        4.1.1 \u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0e\u7ef4\u6301 <\/h4>\n

        \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e00\u65e6\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u5e76\u4e14\u8c03\u7528\u4e86 listen() \u51fd\u6570，\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

        #include <sys\/socket.h>
        \n#include <netinet\/in.h>
        \n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

        int main() {
        \n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
        \n struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
        \n \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53
        \n memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
        \n server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
        \n server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
        \n server_addr.sin_port = htons(12345);
        \n \/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3
        \n bind(sockfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
        \n \/\/ \u5f00\u59cb\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5
        \n listen(sockfd, SOMAXCONN);
        \n \/\/ \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528accept()\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42
        \n return 0;
        \n}<\/p>\n

        \u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e listen() \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5176\u4e2d， SOMAXCONN \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570，\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n

        4.1.2 \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236 <\/h4>\n

        \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u76d1\u542c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5，\u5982\u7aef\u53e3\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u3001\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002 <\/p>\n

        #include <sys\/socket.h>
        \n#include <netinet\/in.h>
        \n#include <unistd.h>
        \n#include <cerrno>
        \n#include <cstring><\/p>\n

        int main() {
        \n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
        \n if (sockfd < 0) {
        \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef
        \n perror("socket creation failed");
        \n return -1;
        \n }
        \n \/\/ \u5176\u4f59\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u7701\u7565…
        \n \/\/ \u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
        \n if (listen(sockfd, SOMAXCONN) < 0) {
        \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u76d1\u542c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5
        \n perror("listen failed");
        \n close(sockfd);
        \n return -1;
        \n }
        \n \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u76d1\u542c\u5931\u8d25，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u76d1\u542c\u6216\u8005\u9000\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f
        \n return 0;
        \n}<\/p>\n

        \u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e2d，\u5e94\u5f53\u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8c03\u8bd5，\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 perror() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f，\u5e76\u5728\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n

        4.2 \u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/h3>\n

        \u4e00\u65e6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001，\u5b83\u5c06\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7 accept() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

        4.2.1 \u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u963b\u585e\u884c\u4e3a <\/h4>\n

        accept() \u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\u963b\u585e，\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u6765\u3002 <\/p>\n

        #include <sys\/socket.h>
        \n#include <netinet\/in.h>
        \n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

        int main() {
        \n \/\/ \u5047\u8bbesockfd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5e76\u5904\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001
        \n struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
        \n socklen_t client_addr_len = sizeof(client_addr);
        \n \/\/ \u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42
        \n int client_sockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_addr_len);
        \n if (client_sockfd < 0) {
        \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406accept\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5
        \n perror("accept failed");
        \n close(sockfd);
        \n return -1;
        \n }
        \n \/\/ \u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1
        \n \/\/ …
        \n \/\/ \u5b8c\u6210\u901a\u4fe1\u540e，\u5173\u95ed\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
        \n close(client_sockfd);
        \n \/\/ \u7ee7\u7eed\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42
        \n return 0;
        \n}<\/p>\n

        \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u8c03\u7528 accept() \u65f6，\u5c06\u7b49\u5f85\u76f4\u5230\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5b83\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6765\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1，\u539f\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7ee7\u7eed\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

        4.2.2 \u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u4e0e\u786e\u8ba4 <\/h4>\n

        \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u7b5b\u9009，\u5982\u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u6216\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002 <\/p>\n

        #include <sys\/socket.h>
        \n#include <netinet\/in.h>
        \n#include <arpa\/inet.h>
        \n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

        int main() {
        \n \/\/ \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u4ee3\u7801\u7701\u7565…
        \n struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
        \n socklen_t client_addr_len = sizeof(client_addr);
        \n int client_sockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_addr_len);
        \n char client_ip[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
        \n inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client_addr.sin_addr, client_ip, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
        \n \/\/ \u7b5b\u9009\u7b56\u7565\u793a\u4f8b：\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u7279\u5b9aIP\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42
        \n const char *allowed_ip = "192.168.1.10";
        \n if (strcmp(client_ip, allowed_ip) != 0) {
        \n \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u7279\u5b9aIP，\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5
        \n close(client_sockfd);
        \n return -1;
        \n }
        \n \/\/ \u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u7b5b\u9009，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u5904\u7406
        \n \/\/ …
        \n return 0;
        \n}<\/p>\n

        \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4ec5\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u7279\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b5b\u9009\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c，\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u9650\u5236\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

        \u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u63a7\u5236\u3002 <\/p>\n

        5. \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/h2>\n

        5.1 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0 <\/h3>\n

        5.1.1 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u5176\u4f18\u52bf <\/h4>\n

        \u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8017\u65f6\u4e14\u6d88\u8017\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f15\u5165，\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u7f13\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49，\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6c60\u5b50，\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1，\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5728\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002 <\/p>\n

        \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9： – \u8d44\u6e90\u590d\u7528 ：\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u4e2d\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002 – \u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94 ：\u9884\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u5916\u90e8\u8bf7\u6c42，\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7b49\u5f85\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 – \u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u4fbf ：\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u63a5\u53e3，\u4fbf\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002 – \u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u7ba1\u7406 ：\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528，\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6392\u961f\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3002 <\/p>\n

        \u5728Java\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Executor\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709 ThreadPoolExecutor \u548c ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor \u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

        5.1.2 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b65\u9aa4 <\/h4>\n

        \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c： <\/p>\n

      • \u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60 ：\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u7c7b\u578b，\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u3002 <\/li>\n
      • \u63d0\u4ea4\u4efb\u52a1\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60 ：\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c01\u88c5\u4e3a Runnable \u6216 Callable ，\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684 execute \u6216 submit \u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4ea4\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 <\/li>\n
      • \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u5173\u95ed ：\u5728\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e，\u9700\u8981\u9002\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/li>\n

        \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684Java\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n

        import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
        \nimport java.util.concurrent.Executors;
        \nimport java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;<\/p>\n

        public class ThreadPoolExample {
        \n public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        \n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60
        \n ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u63d0\u4ea4\u4efb\u52a1\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60
        \n for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
        \n executorService.submit(() -> {
        \n System.out.println("\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        \n });
        \n }<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u4e0d\u518d\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1，\u4f46\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u4efb\u52a1\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5
        \n executorService.shutdown();<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5
        \n executorService.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        \n }
        \n}<\/p>\n

        \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b10\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86100\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5230\u8be5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u65f6，\u90fd\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u540d\u79f0，\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u590d\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 shutdown \u65b9\u6cd5，\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 awaitTermination \u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002 <\/p>\n

        5.2 \u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236 <\/h3>\n

        5.2.1 \u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528 <\/h4>\n

        \u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u6570\u636e\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u6bd4\u5982： <\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u4e92\u65a5\u9501（Mutex） ：\u786e\u4fdd\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u8bfb\u5199\u9501（ReadWriteLock） ：\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c，\u4f46\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u72ec\u5360\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf（Semaphore） ：\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5c11\u91cf\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u8bfb\u5199\u9501\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c，\u800c\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u5219\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n

          5.2.2 \u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u7b56\u7565 <\/h4>\n

          \u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u6b7b\u9501\u95ee\u9898，\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u5219： – \u6709\u5e8f\u83b7\u53d6\u9501 ：\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u83b7\u53d6\u9501，\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002 – \u907f\u514d\u5d4c\u5957\u9501 ：\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u591a\u4e2a\u9501，\u5982\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u5982\u6b64，\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u83b7\u53d6\u3002 – \u9501\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u5c0f\u5316 ：\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u540e，\u5c3d\u5feb\u5b8c\u6210\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u3002 <\/p>\n

          \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6b7b\u9501\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801，\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e92\u76f8\u7b49\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u6301\u6709\u7684\u9501： <\/p>\n

          public class DeadlockExample {
          \n private final Object lock1 = new Object();
          \n private final Object lock2 = new Object();<\/p>\n

          public void method1() {
          \n synchronized (lock1) {
          \n System.out.println("\u7ebf\u7a0b1: \u6301\u6709lock1");<\/p>\n

          try {
          \n Thread.sleep(100);
          \n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          \n e.printStackTrace();
          \n }<\/p>\n

          synchronized (lock2) {
          \n System.out.println("\u7ebf\u7a0b1: \u6301\u6709lock1\u548clock2");
          \n }
          \n }
          \n }<\/p>\n

          public void method2() {
          \n synchronized (lock2) {
          \n System.out.println("\u7ebf\u7a0b2: \u6301\u6709lock2");<\/p>\n

          try {
          \n Thread.sleep(100);
          \n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          \n e.printStackTrace();
          \n }<\/p>\n

          synchronized (lock1) {
          \n System.out.println("\u7ebf\u7a0b2: \u6301\u6709lock2\u548clock1");
          \n }
          \n }
          \n }<\/p>\n

          public static void main(String[] args) {
          \n DeadlockExample deadlockExample = new DeadlockExample();<\/p>\n

          Thread thread1 = new Thread(deadlockExample::method1);
          \n Thread thread2 = new Thread(deadlockExample::method2);<\/p>\n

          thread1.start();
          \n thread2.start();
          \n }
          \n}<\/p>\n

          \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d， method1 \u83b7\u53d6\u4e86 lock1 ，\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u83b7\u53d6 lock2 ； method2 \u83b7\u53d6\u4e86 lock2 ，\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u83b7\u53d6 lock1 \u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e92\u76f8\u7b49\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u91ca\u653e\u9501，\u56e0\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6b7b\u9501\u3002 <\/p>\n

          \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b7b\u9501，\u5e94\u8be5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4，\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5e76\u53d1\u5de5\u5177，\u6bd4\u5982 ReentrantLock ，\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u9501\u673a\u5236，\u5982 tryLock \u7b49，\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002 <\/p>\n

          \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5\u6765\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u53d1\u751f，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n

          6. \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e <\/h2>\n

          \u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e2d，\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73af\u8282，\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5229\u7528\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5，\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027，\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u51fa\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879，\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u907f\u514d\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

          6.1 \u6b63\u5e38\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h3>\n

          \u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\u540e，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e94\u5f53\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5173\u95ed\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5，\u4e14\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7559\u4e0b\u672a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n

          6.1.1 \u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u5173\u95ed\u6b65\u9aa4 <\/h4>\n

          \u5728\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u4e4b\u524d，\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u6709\u5f85\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u53d1\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027，\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n

        • \u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41，\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6240\u6709\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u786e\u8ba4，\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u8d85\u65f6\u673a\u5236\u6765\u907f\u514d\u65e0\u9650\u7b49\u5f85\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u4e00\u65e6\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u4fe1\u53f7\u6216\u8d85\u65f6\u53d1\u751f，\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u6700\u7ec8\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u672c\u8eab，\u91ca\u653e\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/li>\n

          \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n

          Socket socket = …; \/\/ \u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5
          \nOutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
          \nInputStream in = socket.getInputStream();<\/p>\n

          \/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u6240\u6709\u5f85\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e
          \nout.write(…);
          \nout.flush();<\/p>\n

          \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41，\u51c6\u5907\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u4fe1\u53f7
          \nout.close();<\/p>\n

          \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u786e\u8ba4\u4fe1\u53f7，\u91c7\u7528\u8d85\u65f6\u673a\u5236
          \ntry {
          \n if (!in.read(….)) { \/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e，\u8d85\u65f6\u5219\u8fd4\u56de
          \n \/\/ \u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u6216\u8d85\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5
          \n }
          \n} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
          \n \/\/ \u8d85\u65f6\u5904\u7406
          \n} finally {
          \n \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u548c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
          \n try {
          \n in.close();
          \n socket.close();
          \n } catch (IOException e) {
          \n e.printStackTrace();
          \n }
          \n}<\/p>\n

          6.1.2 \u5f02\u5e38\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f <\/h4>\n

          \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f1a\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u52aa\u529b\u786e\u4fdd\u6b63\u5e38\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5，\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7a81\u7136\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5，\u5982\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5d29\u6e83\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u65ad\u5f00\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236，\u5982\u6355\u83b7 IOException ，\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u51b5\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n

          try {
          \n \/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c…
          \n} catch (IOException e) {
          \n \/\/ \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91
          \n System.err.println("Connection closed by client or network issue.");
          \n \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u8d44\u6e90
          \n try {
          \n if (socket != null && !socket.isClosed()) {
          \n socket.close();
          \n }
          \n } catch (IOException ex) {
          \n ex.printStackTrace();
          \n }
          \n}<\/p>\n

          6.2 \u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879 <\/h3>\n

          \u6b63\u786e\u5730\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u5173\u95ed，\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u62ec\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u56de\u6536\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9： <\/p>\n

          6.2.1 \u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u91ca\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90 <\/h4>\n

          \u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528 socket.close() \u3002\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5148\u8c03\u7528 socket.shutdownOutput() \u6216 socket.shutdownInput() ，\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u53d1\u9001\u6216\u63a5\u6536\u6d41，\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u9001\u6216\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n

          socket.shutdownOutput(); \/\/ \u505c\u6b62\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e
          \nsocket.shutdownInput(); \/\/ \u505c\u6b62\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e
          \nsocket.close(); \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/p>\n

          6.2.2 \u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355 <\/h4>\n

          \u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5e94\u5f53\u5b9a\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5，\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u88ab\u59a5\u5584\u7ba1\u7406： <\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u90fd\u5df2\u5173\u95ed\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90，\u786e\u4fdd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • \u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • \u9002\u65f6\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536，\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90，\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5e94\u7528，\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u3002 <\/p>\n

            \u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\" <\/p>\n

            \u7b80\u4ecb：\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684Socket\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3，\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5e94\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6280\u672f，\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u6db5\u76d6Socket\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4，\u5e76\u4ee5TCP\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f85\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u6750\u6599，\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u638c\u63e1\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u3002 <\/p>\n

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