{"id":46590,"date":"2025-07-30T03:37:05","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T19:37:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/46590.html"},"modified":"2025-07-30T03:37:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T19:37:05","slug":"%e8%b7%91%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%e8%a2%ab%e6%8c%a4%e4%ba%86%ef%bc%9f%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8gpu-cpu%e5%8d%a0%e7%94%a8%ef%bc%8c%e5%88%ab%e5%86%8d%e8%af%af%e6%9d%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/46590.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8dd1\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u6324\u4e86\uff1f\u7acb\u5373\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668GPU\/CPU\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u522b\u518d\u8bef\u6740\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6628\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u8dd1\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4eca\u5929\u6765\u4e00\u770b\u88ab\u522b\u4ebakill\u4e86 \u5fc3\u7d2f<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u8ba9\u4eba\u90c1\u95f7\u7684\u662f&#xff0c;\u4f60\u540e\u6765\u624d\u53d1\u73b0&#xff0c;\u539f\u6765\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5148\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u62b1\u6028\u5f52\u62b1\u6028&#xff0c;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u6709\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u201c\u5171\u4eab\u73a9\u5bb6\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b66\u4f1a\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u8dd1\u6a21\u578b\u524d&#xff0c;\u5148\u770b\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u4eba\u5728\u8dd1&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u53cb\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u51b2\u7a81&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u6700\u5148\u5b66\u4e60\u7684&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u91cd\u8981\u5fe0\u544a\u26a0\ufe0f\u3011\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219&#xff1a;\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5 Kill \u522b\u4eba\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff01;\u8fd9\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7d20\u517b&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u7262\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u5230\u5e95\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u5462&#xff1f;\u522b\u6025&#xff0c;\u6559\u7a0b\u8fd9\u5c31\u5949\u4e0a&#xff01;<\/p>\n<h4>\u6838\u5fc3\u6559\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f CPU \u8fd8\u662f GPU&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u770b\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>1. CPU \u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1a;top \u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a CPU \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;top \u547d\u4ee4\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9996\u9009&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u50cf Linux \u91cc\u7684\u201c\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u201d&#xff0c;\u80fd\u5b9e\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u600e\u4e48\u770b&#xff1f;\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165 top&#xff0c;\u56de\u8f66\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u770b CPU \u6574\u4f53\u5229\u7528\u7387&#xff1a; \u9876\u90e8 Cpu(s) \u90a3\u4e00\u884c&#xff0c;us&#xff08;\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff09;\u3001sy&#xff08;\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff09;\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u8d8a\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e CPU \u8d8a\u5fd9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u770b\u8d1f\u8f7d&#xff1a; \u9876\u90e8 load average \u540e\u9762\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57&#xff0c;\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u8fc7\u53bb 1\u30015\u300115 \u5206\u949f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u8d85\u8fc7 CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570&#xff0c;\u9ad8\u4e86\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f88\u5fd9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u770b\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u7528&#xff1a; \u5f80\u4e0b\u770b&#xff0c;%CPU \u5217\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u7684 CPU \u767e\u5206\u6bd4&#xff0c;USER \u5217\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u8dd1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7 top&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 CPU \u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u6ee1\u8f7d\u201d\u4e86&#xff0c;\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u8dd1\u7740\u7279\u522b\u8017 CPU \u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2. GPU \u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1a;nvidia-smi \u7cfb\u5217&#xff0c;AIer\u7684\u201c\u6551\u547d\u7a3b\u8349\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u641e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6211\u4eec&#xff0c;GPU \u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u547d\u6839\u5b50\u3002NVIDIA \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u76d1\u63a7 GPU\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>nvidia-smi (\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26&#xff0c;\u57fa\u672c\u6b3e)&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165 nvidia-smi \u56de\u8f66\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b83\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709 GPU \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1a;\u578b\u53f7\u3001\u9a71\u52a8\u7248\u672c\u3001CUDA \u7248\u672c\u3001\u663e\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7387 (Memory-Usage) \u548c GPU \u5229\u7528\u7387 (GPU-Util)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u5730\u770b\u5230\u6bcf\u5f20\u663e\u5361\u201c\u7d2f\u4e0d\u7d2f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8fd8\u5269\u591a\u5c11\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>gpustat (\u7b80\u5316\u7248&#xff0c;\u66f4\u6e05\u6670)&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c nvidia-smi \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u70b9\u590d\u6742&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u8bd5 gpustat\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u66f4\u53cb\u597d\u7684 GPU \u8fd0\u884c\u6982\u89c8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528&#xff1a; pip install gpustat (\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4f60\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>nvitop (\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350&#xff01;)&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u5c31\u50cf GPU \u754c\u7684 top \u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u80fd\u5b9e\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a GPU \u4e0a\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u663e\u5b58\u548c\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002\u8c01\u5728\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u5361&#xff0c;\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136&#xff01;<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528&#xff1a; pip install nvitop (\u540c\u6837\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4f60\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u77e5\u9053&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684 GPU \u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>3. \u67e5\u770b\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;ps -aux | grep [\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540d\u5b57]<\/h5>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7 top \u6216 nvitop \u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6b63\u5728\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u4f46\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ps<\/span> -aux <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540d\u5b57<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u628a [\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540d\u5b57] \u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u60f3\u67e5\u770b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982 ps -aux | grep userA&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u8fdb\u7a0bID (PID)\u3001CPU\/\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u5bf9\u65b9\u5728\u8dd1\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>4. \u3010\u8fdb\u9636\u7248\u3011\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u96c6\u7fa4\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6743\u9650\u591f\u9ad8\/\u6709\u6761\u4ef6&#xff1a;DCGM-Exporter &#043; Prometheus\/Alertmanager<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6240\u5728\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u6709\u66f4\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u9700\u6c42&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u90e8\u7f72 DCGM-Exporter\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u914d\u5408 Prometheus \u548c Alertmanager&#xff0c;\u642d\u5efa\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u9875\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u770b\u5230\u6240\u6709 GPU \u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u80fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5361\u7a7a\u95f2\/\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u544a\u8b66&#xff0c;\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u624b\u52a8\u53bb\u67e5\u4e86&#xff01;\u5f53\u7136&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5957\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd0\u7ef4\u77e5\u8bc6\u53bb\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u96c6\u7fa4\/\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177&#xff1a;\u95ee\u95ee\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&#xff01;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u7531\u5f88\u591a GPU \u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u9635\u5217&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u5b66\u6821\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u5927\u578b\u96c6\u7fa4&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u90a3\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 Slurm\u3001PBS \u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7edf\u4e00\u8c03\u5ea6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 squeue (Slurm) \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5e94\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u5c11 CPU\u3001GPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u5efa\u8bae&#x1f4a1;\u3011 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