{"id":46335,"date":"2025-07-30T02:57:03","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T18:57:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/46335.html"},"modified":"2025-07-30T02:57:03","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T18:57:03","slug":"%e5%a4%9a%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b%e5%9c%a8cwinsock%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/46335.html","title":{"rendered":"\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728C++Winsock\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u793a\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\" <\/p>\n

\u7b80\u4ecb：\u672c\u6848\u4f8b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528C++\u548cWinsock\u5e93\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 WSAStartup() \u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316，\u521b\u5efa\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u76d1\u542c\u6a21\u5f0f，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u901a\u4fe1，\u672c\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002 \"\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\" <\/p>\n

1. C++\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840 <\/h2>\n

C++\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u4e00，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u521b\u5efa\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728C++\u4e2d，\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（sockets）\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002 <\/p>\n

1.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5 <\/h3>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8de8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef-\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6a21\u578b，\u5176\u4e2d\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5728C++\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5957\u63a5\u5b57API\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n

1.2 \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u539f\u7406 <\/h3>\n

\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7aef\u70b9，\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5728C++\u4e2d，\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b，\u5982TCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u548cUDP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u5404\u81ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

1.3 C++\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93\u9009\u62e9 <\/h3>\n

\u5728C++\u4e2d，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982， Boost.Asio \u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e93，\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684API\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387，\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u63a2\u8ba8C++\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u6253\u4e0b\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n

2. Winsock\u5e93\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 <\/h2>\n

2.1 Winsock\u5e93\u6982\u8ff0 <\/h4>\n

Winsock（Windows Sockets）\u662fWindows\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u63a5\u53e3，\u7528\u4e8eTCP\/IP\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u81ea1991\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4ee5\u6765，\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3aWindows\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0bC\/C++\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6807\u51c6\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.1.1 Winsock\u5e93\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2 <\/h5>\n

Winsock\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c，\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u7684Winsock 1.1\u7248\u672c，\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u672c\u7684TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6808，\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684Winsock 2，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684API\u4ee5\u53ca\u6269\u5c55\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fWinsock 2\u7248\u672c，\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c，\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.1.2 Winsock\u5e93\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u7279\u70b9 <\/h5>\n

Winsock\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51fd\u6570，\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5982\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002Winsock\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u652f\u6301\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u65e0\u5173\u6027，\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae，\u5982TCP\u548cUDP\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.2 Winsock\u5e93\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e <\/h4>\n

2.2.1 Winsock\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/h5>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Winsock\u4e4b\u524d，\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u8f7dWinsock DLL\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316Winsock\u5e93\u3001\u914d\u7f6eWinsock\u7248\u672c\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n

WSADATA wsaData;
\nint iResult;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316Winsock
\niResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData);
\nif (iResult != 0) {
\n printf("WSAStartup failed: %d\\\\n", iResult);
\n return 1;
\n}<\/p>\n

\/\/ Winsock\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6210\u529f\u540e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528Winsock\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6e05\u7406\u5e76\u5173\u95edWinsock
\nWSACleanup();<\/p>\n

2.2.2 Winsock\u5e93\u7684\u7248\u672c\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u517c\u5bb9\u6027 <\/h5>\n

\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684Winsock\u7248\u672c\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8f83\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684Winsock\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u529f\u80fd，\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u4e0e\u65e7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6，\u6307\u5b9aWinsock\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.3 Winsock\u5e93\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406 <\/h4>\n

2.3.1 \u5e38\u89c1Winsock\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u6790 <\/h5>\n

\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6，\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002Winsock\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801，\u7528\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8bca\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801 WSAEADDRINUSE （10048）\u8868\u793a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.3.2 \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801 <\/h5>\n

Winsock\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 WSAGetLastError \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801，\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n

int error = WSAGetLastError();
\nswitch(error) {
\n case WSAEADDRINUSE:
\n printf("Address already in use\\\\n");
\n break;
\n \/\/ \u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406
\n default:
\n printf("Error %d occurred\\\\n", error);
\n}<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd，\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9Winsock\u6709\u4e86\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Winsock\u5e93\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u76d1\u542c\u7f51\u7edc\u7aef\u53e3\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

3. \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0e\u76d1\u542c <\/h2>\n

\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u4e4b\u524d，\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（Socket）\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u662f\u901a\u4fe1\u7aef\u70b9\u7684\u62bd\u8c61，\u5141\u8bb8\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u6db5\u76d6\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u8fd9\u4e3a\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n

3.1 \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e <\/h3>\n

3.1.1 \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u9009\u62e9 <\/h4>\n

\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709\u6d41\u5f0f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（SOCK_STREAM）\u548c\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（SOCK_DGRAM）\u3002\u6d41\u5f0f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u63d0\u4f9b\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u670d\u52a1，\u4f8b\u5982TCP\u534f\u8bae，\u800c\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u670d\u52a1，\u5982UDP\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u5f0f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u7528\u4e8eTCP\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u4fe1
\nSOCKET server_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， socket \u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57， AF_INET \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u65cf， SOCK_STREAM \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b， IPPROTO_TCP \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002 <\/p>\n

3.1.2 \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/h4>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u540e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a，\u8fd9\u6837\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u624d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728Windows\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a，\u4f7f\u7528 bind \u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3
\nstruct sockaddr_in server_address;
\nmemset(&server_address, 0, sizeof(server_address));
\nserver_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
\nserver_address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
\nserver_address.sin_port = htons(12345);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740
\nbind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&server_address, sizeof(server_address));<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a sockaddr_in \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002 sin_family \u5b57\u6bb5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u65cf， sin_addr.s_addr \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86IP\u5730\u5740，\u800c sin_port \u5219\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002 htons \u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u3002 bind \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002 <\/p>\n

3.2 \u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0 <\/h3>\n

3.2.1 \u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528 <\/h4>\n

\u76d1\u542c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u65f6，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u7136\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n

3.2.2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u4f8b <\/h4>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u540e，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 listen \u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u5176\u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u3002 listen \u51fd\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5927\u5c0f，\u5373\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6302\u8d77\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n

\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a5
\nint listen_backlog = 5;
\nlisten(server_socket, listen_backlog);<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc， listen \u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53d7\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570，\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002 listen \u7684\u6267\u884c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u76d1\u542c\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5b8c\u6210\u76d1\u542c\u540e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 <\/p>\n

4. \u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5 <\/h2>\n

4.1 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u63a5\u6536 <\/h3>\n

\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u76d1\u542c\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3，\u5e76\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5305\u62ec\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

4.1.1 \u63a5\u6536\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h4>\n

\u5728C++\u4e2d，\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u662f accept ，\u5b83\u662fWinsock\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002 accept \u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0a\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n

SOCKET accept(SOCKET s, struct sockaddr* addr, int* addrlen);<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e： – s ：\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e4b\u524d\u8c03\u7528 listen \u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002 – addr ：\u6307\u5411 sockaddr \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u9488，\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 – addrlen ：\u6307\u5411\u6574\u578b\u7684\u6307\u9488，\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5927\u5c0f， accept \u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c，\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5927\u5c0f\u3002 <\/p>\n

4.1.2 \u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b <\/h4>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 accept \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42： <\/p>\n

#include <winsock2.h>
\n#include <iostream><\/p>\n

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib") \/\/ Winsock Library<\/p>\n

int main() {
\n WSADATA wsaData;
\n SOCKET listeningSocket, clientSocket;
\n struct sockaddr_in serverAddr, clientAddr;
\n int clientAddrSize = sizeof(clientAddr);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316Winsock
\n if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData) != 0) {
\n std::cerr << "WSAStartup failed." << std::endl;
\n return -1;
\n }<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n listeningSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\n if (listeningSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
\n std::cerr << "Socket creation failed." << std::endl;
\n WSACleanup();
\n return -1;
\n }<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740
\n serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
\n serverAddr.sin_port = htons(54000);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n if (bind(listeningSocket, (struct sockaddr*)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
\n std::cerr << "Bind failed with error." << std::endl;
\n closesocket(listeningSocket);
\n WSACleanup();
\n return -1;
\n }<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5
\n if (listen(listeningSocket, SOMAXCONN) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
\n std::cerr << "Listen failed with error." << std::endl;
\n closesocket(listeningSocket);
\n WSACleanup();
\n return -1;
\n }<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5
\n clientSocket = accept(listeningSocket, (struct sockaddr*)&clientAddr, &clientAddrSize);
\n if (clientSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
\n std::cerr << "Accept failed with error." << std::endl;
\n closesocket(listeningSocket);
\n WSACleanup();
\n return -1;
\n }<\/p>\n

std::cout << "Client connected!" << std::endl;<\/p>\n

\/\/ … \u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801，\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1 …<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n closesocket(clientSocket);
\n closesocket(listeningSocket);
\n WSACleanup();<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u9996\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86Winsock\u5e93\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316，\u7136\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5e76\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 listen \u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5f00\u59cb\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6， accept \u51fd\u6570\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57 clientSocket \u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5，\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u76d1\u542c\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

4.2 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406 <\/h3>\n

\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d，\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002 <\/p>\n

4.2.1 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8981\u70b9 <\/h4>\n

\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9700\u6c42，\u4f8b\u5982\u6307\u5b9a\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f，\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f，\u6216\u8005\u914d\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 setsockopt \u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b，\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f： <\/p>\n

int recvBufferSize = 1024; \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e1KB\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a
\nsetsockopt(clientSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char*)&recvBufferSize, sizeof(recvBufferSize));<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

4.2.2 \u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u7b56\u7565 <\/h4>\n

\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u6a21\u578b\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b <\/h5>\n

\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6765\u81ea\u8be5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6240\u6709\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2，\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u8fc7\u591a，\u4ece\u800c\u6d88\u8017\u8fc7\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n

\/\/ \u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b
\nvoid handleClient(SOCKET clientSocket) {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1
\n}<\/p>\n

while (true) {
\n \/\/ \u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5
\n SOCKET clientSocket = accept(listeningSocket, …);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5
\n HANDLE clientThread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)handleClient, (LPVOID)clientSocket, 0, NULL);
\n}<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b <\/h5>\n

\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86I\/O\u5b8c\u6210\u7aef\u53e3（I\/O Completion Ports，IOCP）\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u77e5\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5f53\u63a5\u6536\u5230I\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5173\u8054，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

\/\/ \u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b
\n\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aIOCP
\nHANDLE iocp = CreateIoCompletionPort(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, NULL, 0, 0);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5c06\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0eIOCP\u5173\u8054
\nCreateIoCompletionPort((HANDLE)listeningSocket, iocp, 0, 0);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5904\u7406I\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af
\nwhile (true) {
\n \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6
\n DWORD bytesTransferred;
\n ULONG_PTR key;
\n OVERLAPPED *overlapped;<\/p>\n

GetQueuedCompletionStatus(iocp, &bytesTransferred, &key, &overlapped, INFINITE);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6839\u636ekey\u548coverlapped\u5224\u65ad\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b，\u4f8b\u5982\u662f\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u8fd8\u662f\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u6536
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6…
\n}<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6，\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7ba1\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42，\u5982\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u9884\u671f\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e73\u53f0\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002 <\/p>\n

5. \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1 <\/h2>\n

5.1 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u7b80\u4ecb <\/h3>\n

5.1.1 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5 <\/h4>\n

\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u5143，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u5171\u4eab\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u7247\u548c\u591a\u6838\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f，\u4e3a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5047\u8c61\u3002\u5728C++\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u67b6\u6784，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

5.1.2 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027 <\/h4>\n

\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u670d\u52a1\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u671f\u95f4，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CPU\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u5904\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f2\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c，\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n

#include <iostream>
\n#include <thread>
\n#include <vector><\/p>\n

void processRequest() {
\n \/\/ \u6a21\u62df\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4ee3\u7801
\n std::cout << "\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42…" << std::endl;
\n}<\/p>\n

int main() {
\n std::vector<std::thread> threads;
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u62df\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42
\n for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
\n threads.emplace_back(processRequest);
\n }
\n \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210
\n for (auto& t : threads) {
\n t.join();
\n }
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e8610\u4e2a\u5b50\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 processRequest \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u62df\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6，CPU\u53ef\u4ee5\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c，\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6548\u7387\u3002 <\/p>\n

5.2 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236 <\/h3>\n

5.2.1 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h4>\n

\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u662f\u6307\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6，\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u7ade\u4e89\u7b49\u95ee\u9898，\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u673a\u5236\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4e92\u65a5\u9501（mutex）\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf（condition variables）\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf（semaphores）\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c（atomic operations）\u7b49\u3002\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e00，\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n

#include <iostream>
\n#include <thread>
\n#include <mutex><\/p>\n

std::mutex mtx;<\/p>\n

void printNumber(int number) {
\n mtx.lock();
\n std::cout << number << std::endl;
\n mtx.unlock();
\n}<\/p>\n

int main() {
\n std::vector<std::thread> threads;
\n for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
\n threads.emplace_back(printNumber, i);
\n }
\n for (auto& t : threads) {
\n t.join();
\n }
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d， printNumber \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u6253\u5370\u6570\u5b57\u65f6，\u80fd\u591f\u72ec\u5360\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u7684 std::cout \u6d41\u3002 <\/p>\n

5.2.2 \u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 <\/h4>\n

\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d，\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90，\u5982\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3001\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u7f13\u5b58\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u5217\u8868，\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u5411\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002 <\/p>\n

5.3 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316 <\/h3>\n

5.3.1 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4f18\u70b9 <\/h4>\n

\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u9884\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528，\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u5f00\u9500，\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u9ad8\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u9500\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002 <\/p>\n

5.3.2 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0 <\/h4>\n

\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 <\/p>\n

#include <iostream>
\n#include <thread>
\n#include <mutex>
\n#include <condition_variable>
\n#include <queue>
\n#include <functional>
\n#include <vector><\/p>\n

class ThreadPool {
\npublic:
\n ThreadPool(size_t);
\n template<class F, class… Args>
\n auto enqueue(F&& f, Args&&… args)
\n -> std::future<typename std::result_of<F(Args…)>::type>;
\n ~ThreadPool();
\nprivate:
\n \/\/ \u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5217\u8868
\n std::vector< std::thread > workers;
\n \/\/ \u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217
\n std::queue< std::function<void()> > tasks;
\n \/\/ \u540c\u6b65
\n std::mutex queue_mutex;
\n std::condition_variable condition;
\n bool stop;
\n};<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b
\nThreadPool::ThreadPool(size_t threads) : stop(false)
\n{
\n for(size_t i = 0;i<threads;++i)
\n workers.emplace_back(
\n [this]
\n {
\n for(;;)
\n {
\n std::function<void()> task;<\/p>\n

{
\n std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->queue_mutex);
\n this->condition.wait(lock,
\n [this]{ return this->stop || !this->tasks.empty(); });
\n if(this->stop && this->tasks.empty())
\n return;
\n task = std::move(this->tasks.front());
\n this->tasks.pop();
\n }<\/p>\n

task();
\n }
\n }
\n );
\n}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9879\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u4e2d
\ntemplate<class F, class… Args>
\nauto ThreadPool::enqueue(F&& f, Args&&… args)
\n -> std::future<typename std::result_of<F(Args…)>::type>
\n{
\n using return_type = typename std::result_of<F(Args…)>::type;<\/p>\n

auto task = std::make_shared< std::packaged_task<return_type()> >(
\n std::bind(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)…)
\n );
\n std::future<return_type> res = task->get_future();
\n {
\n std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u4efb\u52a1
\n if(stop)
\n throw std::runtime_error("enqueue on stopped ThreadPool");<\/p>\n

tasks.emplace([task](){ (*task)(); });
\n }
\n condition.notify_one();
\n return res;
\n}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570
\nThreadPool::~ThreadPool()
\n{
\n {
\n std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
\n stop = true;
\n }
\n condition.notify_all();
\n for(std::thread &worker: workers)
\n worker.join();
\n}<\/p>\n

\u5728 ThreadPool \u7c7b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1，\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4ece\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 enqueue \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a std::future \u5bf9\u8c61，\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3 <\/h4>\n

\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206，\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u800c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u5316\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5de5\u5177，\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u5bf9\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u3002 <\/p>\n

6. \u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u5904\u7406 <\/h2>\n

6.1 \u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1 <\/h3>\n

6.1.1 \u5e38\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u4ecb\u7ecd <\/h4>\n

\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d，\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u4e3a\u4e24\u53f0\u6216\u591a\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u5305\u62ecTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u3001UDP\u3001HTTP\u3001FTP\u3001WebSocket\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n