{"id":46310,"date":"2025-07-30T02:51:35","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T18:51:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/46310.html"},"modified":"2025-07-30T02:51:35","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T18:51:35","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e6%b5%8f%e8%a7%88%e5%99%a8%e5%88%b0%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%ef%bc%9atcp-%e6%ae%b5%e7%9a%84%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e4%bc%a0%e8%be%93%e4%b9%8b%e6%97%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/46310.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1aTCP \u6bb5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u4e4b\u65c5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u7f51\u5740（\u4f8b\u5982www.google.com）\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u952e\u540e，TCP\u6bb5\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8DNS\u89e3\u6790\u3001ARP\u3001TCP\/IP\u5c01\u88c5\u3001PAT\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c，\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u901a\u8fc7\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u548c\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60，\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u6848\u4f8b，\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

1. DNS\u89e3\u6790：\u5c06\u57df\u540d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aIP\u5730\u5740<\/h2>\n

\u5f53\u4f60\u8f93\u5165www.google.com\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u57df\u540d\u65f6，\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aIP\u5730\u5740\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u8d77\u901a\u4fe1，\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

  • \u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u672c\u5730DNS\u7f13\u5b58，\u5305\u62ec\/etc\/hosts\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5982\u679c\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u672a\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u8bb0\u5f55，\u5c31\u4f1a\u5411\u7535\u8111\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668（\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u6216\u8def\u7531\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b）\u53d1\u9001DNS\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
  • DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740（\u4f8b\u5982142.250.190.132）\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6b64\u65f6，\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5df2\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n

    2. \u51c6\u5907\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5<\/h2>\n

    \u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e4b\u524d，\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

  • \u6e90IP\u5730\u5740：\u7f51\u5361\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740：\u4eceDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6e90MAC\u5730\u5740：\u7f51\u5361\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740：\n
      \n
    • \u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u672c\u673a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51，\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7ARP\u534f\u8bae\u83b7\u53d6\u5176MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u7f51（\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u6b64），\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173\u8f6c\u53d1，\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u5173\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

      \u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u5173\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740：\u901a\u8fc7ARP（\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae）<\/p>\n

    • \u5229\u7528\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u5224\u65ad\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u5916\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5982\u679c\u662f，\u53d1\u9001ARP\u5e7f\u64ad：\u201c\u8c01\u62e5\u6709192.168.1.1\u8fd9\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740？\u201d<\/li>\n
    • \u7f51\u5173\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u5176MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5MAC\u5730\u5740\u7f13\u5b58\u8d77\u6765，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u5e27\u5c01\u88c5\u3002<\/li>\n

      3. \u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5：\u56db\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u6808<\/h2>\n
    • \u5e94\u7528\u5c42（HTTP\u6d88\u606f）：\n
        \n
      • \u4f8b\u5982，GET \/ HTTP\/1.1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42（TCP\u6bb5）：\n
          \n
        • \u6dfb\u52a0\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3（\u4f8b\u5982，40000 \u2192 443，443\u662fHTTPS\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3），\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u914d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7aef\u53e3（1024-65535，\u4f8b\u598240000）\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42（IP\u6570\u636e\u5305）：\n
            \n
          • \u6dfb\u52a0\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u6bb5：TTL（\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4）\u3001\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • \u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42（\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27）：\n
              \n
            • \u6dfb\u52a0\u6e90MAC\u5730\u5740\u548c\u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709FCS（\u5e27\u6821\u9a8c\u5e8f\u5217）\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8，\u7528\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

              \u6700\u540e，\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

              4. \u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7f51\u5173（\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42）<\/h2>\n

              \u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7ef4\u62a4\u7740\u4e00\u5f20MAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982：00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E \u2192 Gi0\/1, VLAN 10，\u8868\u793a\u62e5\u6709\u8be5MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u8fde\u63a5\u5728Gi0\/1\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

            • \u5f53\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5e27\u65f6，\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u6e90MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u5c31\u5c06\u8be5\u6620\u5c04\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8868\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u5173\u7684\u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8868\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u5e27\u4ece\u9664\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u7f51\u5173\u6536\u5230\u5e7f\u64ad\u5e27\u540e，\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u5176MAC\u5730\u5740（\u4f8b\u598200:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E）\u3002\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u968f\u540e\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2aMAC\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u8868\u4e2d，\u8fd9\u6837\u540e\u7eed\u53d1\u5f80\u7f51\u5173\u7684\u5e27\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u53d1（\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u5e7f\u64ad）\u3002<\/li>\n

              5. \u7f51\u5173\u6267\u884cPAT（\u7aef\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362）<\/h2>\n

              \u5982\u679c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u4f7f\u7528\u79c1\u6709IP\u5730\u5740，\u8fb9\u7f18\u8def\u7531\u5668（PAT\u8bbe\u5907）\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362：<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u6e90IP\u5730\u5740：\u4ece\u79c1\u6709IP\u5730\u5740（\u4f8b\u5982192.168.1.100）\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u516c\u7f51IP\u5730\u5740（\u4f8b\u5982203.0.113.10）\u3002<\/li>\n
              • \u6e90\u7aef\u53e3：\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u516c\u7f51\u7aef\u53e3（\u4f8b\u598250000）\u3002<\/li>\n
              • PAT\u8868\u6761\u76ee：192.168.1.100:8080 \u2192 203.0.113.10:50000\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u4e4b\u540e，\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684IP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u3002<\/p>\n

                6. \u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668：\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/h2>\n

                \u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4e24\u79cd：\u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e（\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531）\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210（\u4f8b\u5982，\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684OSPF\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684BGP\u534f\u8bae）\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u5f84\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u7531\u3002\u6bcf\u53f0\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u7ef4\u62a4\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u8868\u6570\u636e\u5e93，\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c06\u76ee\u7684IP\u7f51\u7edc\u6620\u5c04\u5230：<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u201c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u201d\u8def\u7531\u5668（\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668）\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u51fa\u63a5\u53e3（\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7aef\u53e3）\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u5ea6\u91cf\u503c（\u4f8b\u5982\u8df3\u6570\u3001\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf），\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u201c\u6700\u4f73\u201d\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u8def\u7531\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b：<\/p>\n

                • \u68c0\u67e5IP\u5934\u90e8：TTL\u3001\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u6700\u957f\u524d\u7f00\u5339\u914d：\u5c06\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84：\u57fa\u4e8e\u6210\u672c\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u90e8：\n
                    \n
                  • \u9012\u51cfTTL\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n
                  • \u5c06\u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                  • \u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n

                    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u9010\u8df3\u91cd\u590d，\u76f4\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u5728\u7684\u672c\u5730\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u3002<\/p>\n

                    7. \u6700\u7ec8\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e0e\u89e3\u5c01\u88c5<\/h2>\n

                    \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u6bb5：<\/p>\n

                  • \u5b83\u5c06\u5e27\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n
                  • \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5e27\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u5c01\u88c5：\n
                      \n
                    • \u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42 \u2192 \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42 \u2192 TCP\u6bb5 \u2192 HTTP\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                    • \u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f（\u4f8b\u5982Nginx\u6216Apache\u7b49Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668）\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n

                      8. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u54cd\u5e94<\/h2>\n

                      \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u9075\u5faa\u4e0e\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u4f46\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u53cd\u5411\u7684（\u4f8b\u5982，\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740：\u8c37\u6b4c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740；\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740：\u7ecf\u8fc7PAT\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u79c1\u6709IP\u5730\u5740）\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \n
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