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2. B&#043;\u6811\u957f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837&#xff1f;&#xff08;\u56fe\u6587\u89e3\u6790&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>                      [10|20]<br \/>\n                     \/     |     \\\\<br \/>\n               [5,8]    [15]     [25,30]<br \/>\n               \/ | \\\\     \/ \\\\     \/  |  \\\\<br \/>\n             (5)(8)(10)(15)(20)(25)(30)(NULL) <\/p>\n<p>B&#043;\u6811\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u975e\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u53ea\u5b58\u952e\u503c&#xff08;Key&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u00a0\u2192 \u66f4\u591a\u952e\u503c\u53ef\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u9875&#xff08;Page&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u51cf\u5c11\u6811\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u4e32\u8054\u6210\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u00a0\u2192 \u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2&#xff08;\u5982\u00a0BETWEEN\u3001&gt;&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a3~4\u5c42\u00a0\u2192 \u5373\u4f7f\u4ebf\u7ea7\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ea\u97003~4\u6b21\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u5373\u53ef\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/li>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u5c0f\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff1a;InnoDB\u4e00\u9875&#xff08;Page&#xff09;\u5927\u5c0f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a 16KB&#xff0c;\u53ef\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0a\u5343\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"%F0%9F%A7%A9%20%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81MySQL%E4%B8%AD%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B\">&#x1f9e9; \u4e09\u3001MySQL\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u6cd5\u8bf4\u660e\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e3b\u952e\u7d22\u5f15&#xff08;PRIMARY KEY&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>PRIMARY KEY(id)<\/td>\n<td>\u552f\u4e00 &#043; \u975e\u7a7a &#043; \u805a\u7c07\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>\n<td>\u6bcf\u5f20\u8868\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15&#xff08;UNIQUE&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>UNIQUE KEY uk_email(email)<\/td>\n<td>\u503c\u552f\u4e00&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4e3aNULL<\/td>\n<td>\u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d&#xff08;\u5982\u90ae\u7bb1&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u666e\u901a\u7d22\u5f15&#xff08;INDEX&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>INDEX idx_name(name)<\/td>\n<td>\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>\n<td>\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ec4\u5408\u7d22\u5f15&#xff08;Composite&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>INDEX idx_name_age(name, age)<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u5217\u7ec4\u5408&#xff0c;\u9075\u5faa\u6700\u5de6\u524d\u7f00<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u6761\u4ef6\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15&#xff08;FULLTEXT&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>FULLTEXT KEY ft_content(content)<\/td>\n<td>\u652f\u6301\u6587\u672c\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u641c\u7d22<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u8bc4\u8bba\u641c\u7d22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"%F0%9F%94%A7%20%E5%9B%9B%E3%80%81%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%EF%BC%9A%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%8E%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%EF%BC%9F\">&#x1f527; \u56db\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u5b9e\u6218&#xff1a;\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"%E2%9C%85%201.%20%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E7%9A%84SQL%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95\">\u2705 1. \u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u7684SQL\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>&#8212; 1. \u521b\u5efa\u8868\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15<br \/>\nCREATE TABLE users (<br \/>\n    id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,<br \/>\n    name VARCHAR(50),<br \/>\n    email VARCHAR(100),<br \/>\n    age INT,<br \/>\n    INDEX idx_name (name),           &#8212; \u666e\u901a\u7d22\u5f15<br \/>\n    UNIQUE uk_email (email),         &#8212; \u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15<br \/>\n    INDEX idx_name_age (name, age)   &#8212; \u7ec4\u5408\u7d22\u5f15<br \/>\n);<\/p>\n<p>&#8212; 2. \u5df2\u6709\u8868\u6dfb\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15<br \/>\nALTER TABLE users ADD INDEX idx_age (age);<br \/>\nCREATE INDEX idx_email ON users(email);<\/p>\n<p>&#8212; 3. \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15<br \/>\nDROP INDEX idx_age ON users; <\/p>\n<h4 id=\"%F0%9F%94%8D%202.%20%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E7%94%9F%E6%95%88%EF%BC%9F%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%C2%A0EXPLAIN%C2%A0%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\">&#x1f50d; 2. \u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5426\u751f\u6548&#xff1f;\u2014\u2014\u00a0EXPLAIN\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p>EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM users WHERE name &#061; &#039;\u5f20\u4e09&#039;; <\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6bb5\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5217\u540d\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>type<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;const\u00a0&gt;\u00a0ref\u00a0&gt;\u00a0range\u00a0&gt;\u00a0index\u00a0&gt;\u00a0ALL&#xff08;\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>key<\/td>\n<td>\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>rows<\/td>\n<td>\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u884c\u6570&#xff08;\u8d8a\u5c11\u8d8a\u597d&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Extra<\/td>\n<td>\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5982\u00a0Using index&#xff08;\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15&#xff09;\u3001Using where<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u2705 \u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001&#xff1a;type&#061;ref \u6216 range&#xff0c;key \u663e\u793a\u7528\u4e86\u54ea\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15&#xff0c;rows \u5f88\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"%E2%9A%A0%EF%B8%8F%20%E4%BA%94%E3%80%81%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E6%B3%95%E5%88%99%E4%B8%8E%E9%99%B7%E9%98%B1\">\u26a0\ufe0f \u4e94\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0e\u9677\u9631<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"%E2%9C%85%20%E6%AD%A3%E7%A1%AE%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E7%9A%846%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99\">\u2705 \u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u76846\u5927\u539f\u5219<\/h4>\n<li>\n<p>\u6700\u5de6\u524d\u7f00\u539f\u5219&#xff08;\u7ec4\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u6838\u5fc3&#xff01;&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p> &#8212; \u7d22\u5f15&#xff1a;(name, age, city)<br \/>\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE name&#061;&#039;\u5f20\u4e09&#039;;           \u2705 \u7528\u5230\u7d22\u5f15<br \/>\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE name&#061;&#039;\u5f20\u4e09&#039; AND age&#061;25; \u2705 \u7528\u5230\u7d22\u5f15<br \/>\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE age&#061;25 AND city&#061;&#039;\u5317\u4eac&#039;; \u274c \u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7ec4\u5408\u7d22\u5f15&#xff08;\u8df3\u8fc7name&#xff09; <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u907f\u514d\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u5217\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p> SELECT * FROM users WHERE YEAR(create_time) &#061; 2025; \u274c \u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<br \/>\n&#8212; \u5e94\u6539\u4e3a&#xff1a;<br \/>\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE create_time &gt;&#061; &#039;2025-01-01&#039; AND create_time &lt; &#039;2026-01-01&#039;; \u2705 <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15&#xff08;\u907f\u514d\u56de\u8868&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p> &#8212; \u7d22\u5f15&#xff1a;(name, age)<br \/>\nSELECT name, age FROM users WHERE name&#061;&#039;\u5f20\u4e09&#039;; \u2705 \u53ea\u67e5\u7d22\u5f15&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9700\u56de\u8868&#xff08;Extra: Using index&#xff09;<br \/>\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE name&#061;&#039;\u5f20\u4e09&#039;;        \u274c \u9700\u8981\u56de\u8868\u67e5\u4e3b\u952e\u7d22\u5f15\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u6bb5 <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9009\u62e9\u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u5217\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u533a\u5206\u5ea6 &#061;\u00a0COUNT(DISTINCT col) \/ COUNT(*)<\/li>\n<li>\u6027\u522b&#xff08;\u7537\/\u5973&#xff09;\u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5355\u72ec\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n<li>\u90ae\u7bb1\u3001\u624b\u673a\u53f7\u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u9002\u5408\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5c0f\u8868\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u91cf &lt; 1000 \u884c&#xff0c;\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u591a\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;INSERT\/UPDATE\/DELETE&#xff09;\u7684\u5f00\u9500<\/li>\n<li>\u5efa\u8bae\u5355\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc76\u4e2a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"%F0%9F%A7%AA%20%E5%85%AD%E3%80%81%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%EF%BC%9A%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%85%A2%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2\">&#x1f9ea; \u516d\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u4f18\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6162\u67e5\u8be2<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"%F0%9F%90%8C%20%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF%EF%BC%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E5%8F%8D%E9%A6%88%E2%80%9C%E6%8C%89%E5%A7%93%E5%90%8D%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B4%E9%BE%84%E6%9F%A5%E4%BA%BA%E2%80%9D%E5%A4%AA%E6%85%A2\">&#x1f40c; \u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u53cd\u9988\u201c\u6309\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u5e74\u9f84\u67e5\u4eba\u201d\u592a\u6162<\/h4>\n<p>&#8212; \u539f\u59cbSQL&#xff08;\u8017\u65f62.3\u79d2&#xff09;<br \/>\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE name &#061; &#039;\u674e\u56db&#039; AND age &#061; 30; <\/p>\n<h4 id=\"%F0%9F%94%8D%20%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4%EF%BC%9A\">&#x1f50d; \u5206\u6790\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff1a;<\/h4>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM users WHERE name &#061; &#039;\u674e\u56db&#039; AND age &#061; 30; <\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;type&#061;ALL&#xff0c;key&#061;NULL \u2192 \u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf&#xff01;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> &#8212; \u6dfb\u52a0\u7ec4\u5408\u7d22\u5f15<br \/>\nALTER TABLE users ADD INDEX idx_name_age (name, age); <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884cEXPLAIN&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>type&#061;ref<\/li>\n<li>key&#061;idx_name_age<\/li>\n<li>rows&#061;3&#xff08;\u5047\u8bbe\u5339\u914d3\u6761&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u8017\u65f6&#xff1a;0.001\u79d2 \u2705<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"%F0%9F%93%88%20%E4%B8%83%E3%80%81%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E4%BB%B7%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E7%9B%B2%E7%9B%AE%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0\">&#x1f4c8; \u4e03\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u8981\u76f2\u76ee\u6dfb\u52a0<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u4f18\u70b9\u7f3a\u70b9<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u2705 \u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u274c 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