{"id":44804,"date":"2025-06-21T06:05:17","date_gmt":"2025-06-20T22:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/44804.html"},"modified":"2025-06-21T06:05:17","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T22:05:17","slug":"%e3%80%90c-%e3%80%91%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e6%8c%87%e9%92%88%ef%bc%9a%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e7%9a%84-%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%af%bc%e8%88%aa%e4%bb%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/44804.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010C++ \u3011\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684 \u201c\u81ea\u52a8\u5bfc\u822a\u4eea\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5f15\u5165<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u7279\u6027：<\/p>\n

1\u3001RAII<\/p>\n

\u7279\u70b9：<\/p>\n

\u597d\u5904：<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u50cf\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u8d77\u521d\u7684\u7f3a\u9677：\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u51e0\u79cd\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n

1\u3001C++98\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u2014\u2014auto_ptr<\/p>\n

auto_ptr\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u7684\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n

2\u3001boost\u5e93<\/p>\n

3\u3001unique_ptr<\/p>\n

4\u3001shared_ptr<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n

\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7684\u95ee\u9898：（\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528）<\/p>\n

5\u3001weak_ptr<\/p>\n

\u7279\u70b9：<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001C++\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6：<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u5b9a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u5668，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e4b\u4e00<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f：<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f，\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5371\u5bb3：<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u5173\u4e8eC++\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n

std::unique_ptr<\/p>\n

std::shared_ptr<\/p>\n

std::weak_ptr<\/p>\n

\n

\u524d\u4e9b\u5929\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u725b\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b66\u4e60\u7f51\u7ad9，\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2，\u98ce\u8da3\u5e7d\u9ed8，\u5fcd\u4e0d\u4f4f\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u4e0b\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6<\/p>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u7f51\u7ad9<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5f15\u5165<\/h2>\n

\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u6765\u5f15\u5165\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u5982\u4e0b：<\/span><\/p>\n

class HF
\n{
\npublic:
\nHF(int a, int b)
\n:_a(a)
\n,_b(b)
\n{
\ncout << "HF(int a, int b)" << endl;
\n}
\n;
\n~HF()
\n{
\ncout << "~HF()" << endl;
\n}
\nprivate:
\nint _a = 0;
\nint _b = 1;
\n};<\/p>\n

void fun()
\n{
\nHF* h1 = new HF(1, 1);
\nHF* h2 = new HF(1, 1);
\nHF* h3 = new HF(1, 1);
\ndelete h1;
\ndelete h2;
\ndelete h3;
\n}<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\ntry
\n{
\nfun();
\n}
\ncatch (exception& e)
\n{
\ncout << e.what() << endl;
\n}
\nreturn 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7bHF，\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u51fd\u6570fun，\u5728fun\u91cc\u9762new\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2aHF\u5bf9\u8c61，\u7136\u540edelete，\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0bdelete\u4f1a\u5148\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u7136\u540e\u518d\u91ca\u653e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8d44\u6e90：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u7279\u6027：<\/h2>\n

\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u7279\u6027：<\/span><\/p>\n

1\u3001RAII<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u50cf\u6307\u9488<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1\u3001RAII<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0
\n \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u7b49\u7b49）\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span> <\/p>\n

（\u901a\u4fd7\u6765\u8bb2，\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u7ba1\u7406，\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002）<\/span> <\/p>\n

\u7279\u70b9：<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90，\u63a5\u7740\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u6709\u6548，\u6700\u540e\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u6790\u6784\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/span> <\/p>\n

\u597d\u5904：<\/h4>\n

（1）\u3001\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90，\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u95f4\u63a5\u5e2e\u5fd9\u91ca\u653e<\/span> <\/p>\n

（2）\u3001\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u5176\u751f\u547d\u671f\u5185\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u6709\u6548<\/span> <\/p>\n

2\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u50cf\u6307\u9488<\/h3>\n

\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5b9e\u9645\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b，\u8981\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488，\u5373\u8981\u91cd\u8f7d\u89e3\u5f15\u7528（*）,\u7bad\u5934（->）,\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u91cd\u8f7d\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7（[ ]）\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u8d77\u521d\u7684\u7f3a\u9677：\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n

\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6613\u7248\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488：<\/p>\n

new\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u671f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ea4\u7ed9\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406，\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u5728\u671f\u95f4，\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684，\u6700\u540e\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f，\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u91ca\u653e，\u540c\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u6389\u8d44\u6e90（delete）；<\/span><\/p>\n

template<class T>
\nclass SmartPtr {
\npublic:
\nSmartPtr(T* ptr = nullptr)
\n: _ptr(ptr)
\n{
\n}
\n~SmartPtr()
\n{
\nif (_ptr)
\ndelete _ptr;
\n}
\nT& operator*() { return *_ptr; }
\nT* operator->() { return _ptr; }
\nprivate:
\nT* _ptr;
\n};
\nstruct Date
\n{
\nint _year;
\nint _month;
\nint _day;
\n};
\nint main()
\n{
\nSmartPtr<int> sp1(new int);
\n*sp1 = 10;
\ncout << *sp1 << endl;
\nSmartPtr<Date> sparray(new Date);
\n\/\/ \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e94\u8be5\u662fsparray.operator->()->_year = 2018;
\n\/\/ \u672c\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u662fsparray->->_year\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4e86\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027，\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a->
\nsparray->_year = 2018;
\nsparray->_month = 1;
\nsparray->_day = 1;
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61sp1\u53bb\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020sp2\u65f6：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020，\u6b64\u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u5c31\u662f\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d，\u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u4efd\u8d44\u6e90，\u6700\u540e\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u65f6，\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4efd\u8d44\u6e90delete\u4e24\u6b21，\u4ece\u800c\u9020\u6210\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898，\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u51e0\u79cd\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/span><\/h2>\n

1\u3001C++98\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u2014\u2014auto_ptr<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u5934\u6587\u4ef6：memory<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5b98\u7f51\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

auto_ptr\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u7684\u95ee\u9898：<\/h3>\n

auto_ptr\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb，\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61sp1\u53bb\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020sp2，\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06sp1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9sp2\u7ba1\u7406，\u800csp1\u88ab\u7f6e\u7a7a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5927\u81f4\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b：\u62f7\u8d1d\u540e\u5c06sp1\u7f6e\u7a7a\u5c31\u884c\u4e86：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f，C++11\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u4e5f\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb，\u4f46\u548c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684，\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5c06\u4ea1\u503c\u53bb\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u6e90，\u800c\u8fd9\u91ccsp1\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u4ea1\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684，\u8fd9\u91cc\u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u79fb\u540e，sp1\u5c31\u60ac\u7a7a\u4e86，\u6b64\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u53bb\u8bbf\u95eesp1，\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528auto_ptr；<\/span><\/p>\n

2\u3001boost\u5e93<\/h3>\n

\u63d0\u5230\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u5c31\u5f97\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0bboost\u5e93，boost\u5e93\u662fC++\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93，\u91cc\u9762\u5c31\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u800cC++\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u91cc\u9762\u5f15\u5165\u7684，\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7565\u5fae\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3\u3001unique_ptr<\/h3>\n

\u8be5\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u89e3\u51b3\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f：\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4，\u7981\u6b62\u62f7\u8d1d<\/span>，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u9645\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u7ed9delete\u4e86：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6，\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e5f\u8981\u7981\u6389，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e5f\u662f\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

4\u3001shared_ptr<\/h3>\n

\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u9700\u8981\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u7684\u573a\u666f\u65f6，\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528shared_ptr，shared_ptr\u89e3\u51b3\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f：\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570，<\/span>\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u6b21\u6790\u6784\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570：\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90，\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6790\u6784\u65f6，\u5c31\u5c06\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf1，\u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6790\u6784\u65f6\u624d\u53bb\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570，\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4efd\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570，\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458count，\u4f46\u5b9e\u5219\u4e0d\u884c，\u56e0\u4e3a\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684，\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684，\u4f46\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6，\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e86，\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf，\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u4e0b：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf*pcount，\u5373\u6307\u5411\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u6307\u9488，\u5728\u6784\u9020\u7684\u65f6\u5019（\u5373\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u4e86），\u5c31new\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570\u7ed9\u8be5\u6307\u9488，\u5728\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5916，\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e5f\u8981\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a，\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u8bb0\u5f97\u628a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570++\u4e00\u4e0b，\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6790\u6784\u65f6，\u5c31\u5c06\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf1，\u7136\u540e\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6790\u6784，\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7684\u95ee\u9898：（\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528）<\/span><\/h4>\n

shared_ptr\u867d\u7136\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u4f46\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9e\u73b0，\u53c8\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7b80\u5355\u91cd\u8f7d：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7f3a\u9677，\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u666f：\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8d4b\u503c：<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f1a\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8d44\u6e90\u4ea4\u7ed9\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406，\u5982\u4e0b：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d，\u6210\u5458next\u548cprev\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u4e0d\u7136\u5728\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684，\u4f46\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u53e5\u4ee3\u7801\u540e，\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u6765\u4e86：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9，\u94fe\u63a5\u5b8c\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837：<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u522b\u7531n1\u548cn2\u6307\u5411，\u6b64\u65f6\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5206\u522b\u90fd\u662f1，\u5f53\u6267\u884cn1->next = n2<\/span>\u65f6，n2\u6307\u5411\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u62102；\u5f53\u6267\u884cn2->prve = n1<\/span>\u65f6，n1\u6307\u5411\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u62102\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u5f53\u6790\u6784\u94fe\u8868\u65f6：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ed\u73af，\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53eb\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u4e24\u4e2ashared_ptr\u4e92\u76f8\u5f15\u7528\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

5\u3001weak_ptr<\/h3>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3shared_ptr\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898，\u6240\u4ee5\u5f15\u5165\u4e86weak_ptr\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7279\u70b9：<\/span><\/h4>\n

weak_ptr\u7684\u7279\u70b9：\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570，\u652f\u6301\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020，\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u53c2\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u9488，\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406，\u4f46\u81ea\u8eab\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488，\u4f46\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f6e\u7a7a，weak_ptr\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898：<\/h4>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u662f\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf_next\u548c_prev\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u4e3aweak_ptr，\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3aweak_ptr\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570，\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0，\u6240\u4ee5\u8282\u70b9\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001C++\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6：<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u5b9a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u5668，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e4b\u4e00<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f：<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f，\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5371\u5bb3：<\/h3>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f：\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6307\u56e0\u4e3a\u758f\u5ffd\u6216\u9519\u8bef<\/span>\u9020\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672a\u80fd\u91ca\u653e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6d88\u5931，\u800c\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5206\u914d\u67d0\u6bb5\u5185\u5b58\u540e，\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9519\u8bef，\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5bf9\u8be5\u6bb5\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u63a7\u5236，\u56e0\u800c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002 <\/span> <\/p>\n

\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5371\u5bb3：\u957f\u671f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51fa\u73b0\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f，\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5927，\u5982\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u540e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u7b49，\u51fa\u73b0\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u54cd\u5e94\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6162，\u6700\u7ec8\u5361\u6b7b\u3002<\/span> <\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/span><\/h3>\n

C++\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u5173\u5fc3\u4e24\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b： <\/p>\n

（1）\u3001\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f(Heap leak) <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u4f9d\u636e\u987b\u8981\u5206\u914d\u901a\u8fc7malloc \/ calloc \/ realloc \/ new\u7b49\u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00 <\/span> <\/p>\n

\u5757\u5185\u5b58，\u7528\u5b8c\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 free\u6216\u8005delete \u5220\u6389\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206 <\/span> <\/p>\n

\u5185\u5b58\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u91ca\u653e，\u90a3\u4e48\u4ee5\u540e\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528，\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751fHeap Leak\u3002 <\/span> <\/p>\n

（2）\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

\u6307\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90，\u6bd4\u65b9\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u7b49\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u91ca\u653e <\/span> <\/p>\n

\u6389，\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39，\u4e25\u91cd\u53ef\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6548\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11，\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/span> <\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u5173\u4e8eC++\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801：<\/h2>\n

\u6b64\u5c0f\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e：\u8c46\u5305AI<\/p>\n

#include <iostream>
\n#include <memory><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b
\nclass MyClass {
\npublic:
\n MyClass() { std::cout << "MyClass constructor" << std::endl; }
\n ~MyClass() { std::cout << "MyClass destructor" << std::endl; }
\n void doSomething() { std::cout << "Doing something…" << std::endl; }
\n};<\/p>\n

class B;<\/p>\n

class A {
\npublic:
\n std::shared_ptr<B> bPtr;
\n ~A() { std::cout << "A destructor" << std::endl; }
\n};<\/p>\n

class B {
\npublic:
\n std::weak_ptr<A> aPtr; \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 weak_ptr \u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528
\n ~B() { std::cout << "B destructor" << std::endl; }
\n};<\/p>\n

void uniquePtrExample() {
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a unique_ptr \u6307\u5411 MyClass \u5bf9\u8c61
\n std::unique_ptr<MyClass> uniquePtr = std::make_unique<MyClass>();<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570
\n uniquePtr->doSomething();<\/p>\n

\/\/ unique_ptr \u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u590d\u5236，\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743
\n \/\/ std::unique_ptr<MyClass> anotherPtr = uniquePtr; \/\/ \u9519\u8bef，\u4e0d\u80fd\u590d\u5236
\n std::unique_ptr<MyClass> anotherPtr = std::move(uniquePtr);<\/p>\n

if (!uniquePtr) {
\n std::cout << "uniquePtr is empty after move" << std::endl;
\n }<\/p>\n

if (anotherPtr) {
\n anotherPtr->doSomething();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

void sharedPtrExample() {
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a shared_ptr \u6307\u5411 MyClass \u5bf9\u8c61
\n std::shared_ptr<MyClass> sharedPtr1 = std::make_shared<MyClass>();
\n std::cout << "Shared pointer 1 use count: " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u590d\u5236 shared_ptr，\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u589e\u52a0
\n std::shared_ptr<MyClass> sharedPtr2 = sharedPtr1;
\n std::cout << "Shared pointer 1 use count after copy: " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl;
\n std::cout << "Shared pointer 2 use count: " << sharedPtr2.use_count() << std::endl;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570
\n sharedPtr2->doSomething();<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a shared_ptr，\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u5c11
\n sharedPtr2.reset();
\n std::cout << "Shared pointer 1 use count after reset sharedPtr2: " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl;
\n}<\/p>\n

void weakPtrExample() {
\n std::shared_ptr<A> a = std::make_shared<A>();
\n std::shared_ptr<B> b = std::make_shared<B>();<\/p>\n

a->bPtr = b;
\n b->aPtr = a;<\/p>\n

std::cout << "A use count: " << a.use_count() << std::endl;
\n std::cout << "B use count: " << b.use_count() << std::endl;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5f53 a \u548c b \u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6，\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u9500\u6bc1
\n}<\/p>\n

int main() {
\n std::cout << "=== Unique Ptr Example ===" << std::endl;
\n uniquePtrExample();
\n std::cout << std::endl;<\/p>\n

std::cout << "=== Shared Ptr Example ===" << std::endl;
\n sharedPtrExample();
\n std::cout << std::endl;<\/p>\n

std::cout << "=== Weak Ptr Example ===" << std::endl;
\n weakPtrExample();
\n std::cout << std::endl;<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u5728 C++ \u91cc，\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u53d1\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001\u60ac\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f，\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58，\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002C++ \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488：std::unique_ptr\u3001std::shared_ptr\u00a0\u548c\u00a0std::weak_ptr\u3002<\/p>\n

std::unique_ptr<\/h5>\n

std::unique_ptr\u00a0\u5c5e\u4e8e\u72ec\u5360\u5f0f\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u5b83\u5bf9\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u62e5\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u00a0std::unique_ptr\u00a0\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1，\u5176\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u00a0uniquePtrExample\u00a0\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d：<\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u501f\u52a9\u00a0std::make_unique\u00a0\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0std::unique_ptr，\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u00a0MyClass\u00a0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8c03\u7528\u00a0doSomething\u00a0\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5c1d\u8bd5\u590d\u5236\u00a0std::unique_ptr\u00a0\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u590d\u5236，\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0std::move\u00a0\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e4b\u540e，\u539f\u00a0std::unique_ptr\u00a0\u53d8\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    std::shared_ptr<\/h5>\n

    std::shared_ptr\u00a0\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u5f0f\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u591a\u4e2a\u00a0std::shared_ptr\u00a0\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u5f53\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u53d8\u4e3a 0 \u65f6，\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u00a0 <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u00a0sharedPtrExample\u00a0\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d：<\/p>\n

    \u00a0 <\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u5229\u7528\u00a0std::make_shared\u00a0\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0std::shared_ptr，\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u00a0MyClass\u00a0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u901a\u8fc7\u00a0use_count\u00a0\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u590d\u5236\u00a0std::shared_ptr\u00a0\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u8c03\u7528\u00a0reset\u00a0\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u00a0std::shared_ptr，\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      std::weak_ptr<\/h5>\n

      std::weak_ptr\u00a0\u662f\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u5b83\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743，\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u00a0std::shared_ptr\u00a0\u6240\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\u3002std::weak_ptr\u00a0\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u00a0std::shared_ptr\u00a0\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u00a0 <\/p>\n

      \u5728\u00a0weakPtrExample\u00a0\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d：<\/p>\n

      \u00a0 <\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u00a0A\u00a0\u548c\u00a0B\u00a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b，\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0A\u00a0\u7c7b\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0std::shared_ptr<B>\u00a0\u6210\u5458，B\u00a0\u7c7b\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0std::weak_ptr<A>\u00a0\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u00a0A\u00a0\u548c\u00a0B\u00a0\u7684\u00a0std::shared_ptr\u00a0\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5e76\u76f8\u4e92\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u7531\u4e8e\u00a0B\u00a0\u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u00a0std::weak_ptr，\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528，\u5f53\u00a0a\u00a0\u548c\u00a0b\u00a0\u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6，\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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