{"id":44258,"date":"2025-06-18T09:33:06","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T01:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/44258.html"},"modified":"2025-06-18T09:33:06","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T01:33:06","slug":"%e5%88%86%e5%b8%83%e5%bc%8f%e5%be%ae%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84%e7%ac%ac152%e9%9b%86%ef%bc%9ajavaplus%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e6%96%87%e6%a1%a3%e5%b9%b3%e5%8f%b0%e6%97%a5%e6%9b%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/44258.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u7b2c152\u96c6\uff1aJavaPlus\u6280\u672f\u6587\u6863\u5e73\u53f0\u65e5\u66f4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u52a0\u7fa4\u8054\u7cfb\u4f5c\u8005vx&#xff1a;xiaoda0423<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4ed3\u5e93\u5730\u5740&#xff1a;https:\/\/webvueblog.github.io\/JavaPlusDoc\/<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"dt6S6pkGhP\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/1024bat.cn\/\">Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u300a Home \u300b\u2014Jeskson\" src=\"https:\/\/1024bat.cn\/embed\/#?secret=WaFtmbhhA2#?secret=dt6S6pkGhP\" data-secret=\"dt6S6pkGhP\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">https:\/\/github.com\/webVueBlog\/fastapi_plus<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">https:\/\/webvueblog.github.io\/JavaPlusDoc\/<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u70b9\u51fb\u52d8\u8befissues&#xff0c;\u54ea\u5412\u611f\u8c22\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u9605\u8bfb<\/p>\n<h2>TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n<h3>1. TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<h4>1.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662fTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TCP\/IP&#xff08;\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\/\u7f51\u9645\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\u5bb6\u65cf&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u901a\u4fe1\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u534f\u8bae&#xff1a;TCP&#xff08;\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;\u548cIP&#xff08;\u7f51\u9645\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf\u4ee5\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1.2 TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">1969\u5e74&#xff1a;ARPANET&#xff08;TCP\/IP\u7684\u524d\u8eab&#xff09;\u8bde\u751f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">1974\u5e74&#xff1a;TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u6784\u63d0\u51fa<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">1983\u5e74&#xff1a;ARPANET\u5b8c\u5168\u8f6c\u4e3aTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">1984\u5e74&#xff1a;\u57df\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;DNS&#xff09;\u5f15\u5165<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">1989\u5e74&#xff1a;\u5546\u4e1a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.3 TCP\/IP\u4e0eOSI\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<p>OSI\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p>TCP\/IP\u56db\u5c42\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>HTTP\u3001FTP\u3001SMTP\u3001DNS\u7b49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u8868\u793a\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Telnet\u3001SNMP\u7b49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>SMTP\u3001DNS\u7b49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>TCP\u3001UDP<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>IP\u3001ICMP\u3001ARP\u3001RARP<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Ethernet\u3001PPP\u3001SLIP<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>IEEE 802.1A\u3001IEEE 802.2\u5230IEEE 802.11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>2. TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n<h4>2.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42&#xff08;\u4e5f\u79f0\u94fe\u8def\u5c42&#xff09;\u662fTCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u5e95\u5c42&#xff0c;\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2.1.1 \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;Ethernet&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u6280\u672f&#xff0c;\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u7684\u8fde\u7ebf\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u4fe1\u53f7\u548c\u4ecb\u8d28\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> \u524d\u5bfc\u7801(8\u5b57\u8282) | \u76ee\u6807MAC\u5730\u5740(6\u5b57\u8282) | \u6e90MAC\u5730\u5740(6\u5b57\u8282) | \u7c7b\u578b(2\u5b57\u8282) | \u6570\u636e(46-1500\u5b57\u8282) | CRC\u6821\u9a8c(4\u5b57\u8282) <\/p>\n<h5>2.1.2 ARP\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">ARP\u534f\u8bae\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06IP\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aMAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4e3b\u673aA\u9700\u8981\u5411\u4e3b\u673aB\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u5df2\u77e5B\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4e3b\u673aA\u67e5\u8be2\u81ea\u5df1\u7684ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u8868&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u6709B\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u673aA\u53d1\u9001ARP\u5e7f\u64ad\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4e3b\u673aB\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e&#xff0c;\u56de\u590d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4e3b\u673aA\u66f4\u65b0ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u8868&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u83b7\u5f97\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h5>2.1.3 RARP\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u53cd\u5411\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">RARP\u534f\u8bae\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06MAC\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aIP\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u76d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.2 \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4e3b\u673a\u5230\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\u662fIP\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2.2.1 IP\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u7f51\u9645\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">IP\u534f\u8bae\u662fTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5206\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">IPv4\u5730\u5740&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">32\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570&#xff08;0-255&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5982192.168.0.1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5206\u4e3aA\u3001B\u3001C\u3001D\u3001E\u4e94\u7c7b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">A\u7c7b&#xff1a;1.0.0.0 &#8211; 126.255.255.255&#xff08;\u9996\u4f4d\u4e3a0&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">B\u7c7b&#xff1a;128.0.0.0 &#8211; 191.255.255.255&#xff08;\u9996\u4f4d\u4e3a10&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">C\u7c7b&#xff1a;192.0.0.0 &#8211; 223.255.255.255&#xff08;\u9996\u4f4d\u4e3a110&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">D\u7c7b&#xff1a;224.0.0.0 &#8211; 239.255.255.255&#xff08;\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">E\u7c7b&#xff1a;240.0.0.0 &#8211; 255.255.255.255&#xff08;\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5740&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">IPv4\u6570\u636e\u5305\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> \u7248\u672c(4\u4f4d) | \u9996\u90e8\u957f\u5ea6(4\u4f4d) | \u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b(8\u4f4d) | \u603b\u957f\u5ea6(16\u4f4d) |<br \/>\n\u6807\u8bc6(16\u4f4d) | \u6807\u5fd7(3\u4f4d) | \u7247\u504f\u79fb(13\u4f4d) |<br \/>\n\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4(8\u4f4d) | \u534f\u8bae(8\u4f4d) | \u9996\u90e8\u6821\u9a8c\u548c(16\u4f4d) |<br \/>\n\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740(32\u4f4d) |<br \/>\n\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740(32\u4f4d) |<br \/>\n\u9009\u9879(\u53ef\u53d8) |<br \/>\n\u6570\u636e(\u53ef\u53d8) <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">IPv6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">128\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u957f\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u4e3a8\u7ec416\u4f4d\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u89e3\u51b3IPv4\u5730\u5740\u8017\u5c3d\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u9996\u90e8\u683c\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2.2.2 ICMP\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u7f51\u9645\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">ICMP\u534f\u8bae\u7528\u4e8e\u5728IP\u4e3b\u673a\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u63a7\u5236\u6d88\u606f&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u53d7\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5e38\u89c1ICMP\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u56de\u663e\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u56de\u663e\u5e94\u7b54&#xff08;ping\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u8d85\u65f6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2.3 \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\u6709TCP\u548cUDP\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2.3.1 TCP\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TCP\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TCP\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5&#xff1a;\u901a\u4fe1\u524d\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u901a\u4fe1\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236&#xff1a;\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u3001\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u3001\u5feb\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1&#xff1a;\u5141\u8bb8\u53cc\u65b9\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TCP\u9996\u90e8\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> \u6e90\u7aef\u53e3(16\u4f4d) | \u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3(16\u4f4d) |<br \/>\n\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7(32\u4f4d) |<br \/>\n\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7(32\u4f4d) |<br \/>\n\u6570\u636e\u504f\u79fb(4\u4f4d) | \u4fdd\u7559(6\u4f4d) | \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d(6\u4f4d) | \u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f(16\u4f4d) |<br \/>\n\u6821\u9a8c\u548c(16\u4f4d) | \u7d27\u6025\u6307\u9488(16\u4f4d) |<br \/>\n\u9009\u9879(\u53ef\u53d8) |<br \/>\n\u6570\u636e(\u53ef\u53d8) <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001SYN\u5305&#xff08;SYN&#061;1, seq&#061;x&#xff09;\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u5165SYN_SENT\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230SYN\u5305&#xff0c;\u56de\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2aSYN&#043;ACK\u5305&#xff08;SYN&#061;1, ACK&#061;1, seq&#061;y, ack&#061;x&#043;1&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u5165SYN_RECV\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230SYN&#043;ACK\u5305&#xff0c;\u56de\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u5305&#xff08;ACK&#061;1, seq&#061;x&#043;1, ack&#061;y&#043;1&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u5165ESTABLISHED\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TCP\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001FIN\u5305&#xff08;FIN&#061;1, seq&#061;u&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u5165FIN_WAIT_1\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230FIN\u5305&#xff0c;\u56de\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u5305&#xff08;ACK&#061;1, ack&#061;u&#043;1&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u5165CLOSE_WAIT\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u540e\u8fdb\u5165FIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001FIN\u5305&#xff08;FIN&#061;1, ACK&#061;1, seq&#061;v, ack&#061;u&#043;1&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u5165LAST_ACK\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230FIN\u5305&#xff0c;\u56de\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u5305&#xff08;ACK&#061;1, seq&#061;u&#043;1, ack&#061;v&#043;1&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u5165TIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5f852MSL\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h5>2.3.2 UDP\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">UDP\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">UDP\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u65e0\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236&#xff1a;\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u3001\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u3001\u591a\u5bf9\u4e00\u3001\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u901a\u4fe1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u9996\u90e8\u5f00\u9500\u5c0f&#xff1a;UDP\u9996\u90e8\u53ea\u67098\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">UDP\u9996\u90e8\u683c\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> \u6e90\u7aef\u53e3(16\u4f4d) | \u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3(16\u4f4d) |<br \/>\n\u957f\u5ea6(16\u4f4d) | \u6821\u9a8c\u548c(16\u4f4d) |<br \/>\n\u6570\u636e(\u53ef\u53d8) <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">UDP\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5b9e\u65f6\u5e94\u7528&#xff08;\u5982\u89c6\u9891\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">DNS\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">SNMP&#xff08;\u7b80\u5355\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u591a\u64ad\u548c\u5e7f\u64ad<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2.4 \u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u534f\u8bae\u6709HTTP\u3001FTP\u3001SMTP\u3001DNS\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2.4.1 HTTP\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">HTTP\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u3001\u534f\u4f5c\u5f0f\u548c\u8d85\u5a92\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">HTTP\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u7b80\u5355\u5feb\u901f&#xff1a;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ea\u9700\u4f20\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u7075\u6d3b&#xff1a;\u5141\u8bb8\u4f20\u8f93\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u65e0\u72b6\u6001&#xff1a;\u534f\u8bae\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u652f\u6301B\/S\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">GET&#xff1a;\u8bf7\u6c42\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9875\u9762\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e3b\u4f53<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">POST&#xff1a;\u5411\u6307\u5b9a\u8d44\u6e90\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">HEAD&#xff1a;\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eGET\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff0c;\u4f46\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u9996\u90e8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">PUT&#xff1a;\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53d6\u4ee3\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">DELETE&#xff1a;\u8bf7\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9875\u9762<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">OPTIONS&#xff1a;\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TRACE&#xff1a;\u56de\u663e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6216\u8bca\u65ad<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2.4.2 FTP\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">FTP\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">FTP\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e76\u884c\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5&#xff1a;\u63a7\u5236\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u652f\u6301\u65ad\u70b9\u7eed\u4f20<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u652f\u6301\u533f\u540d\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2.4.3 SMTP\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u7b80\u5355\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">SMTP\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">SMTP\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001HELO\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001MAIL FROM\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001RCPT TO\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001DATA\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u4ee5&#034;.&#034;\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001QUIT\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94&#xff0c;\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h5>2.4.4 DNS\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u57df\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">DNS\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u57df\u540d\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u4e92\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">DNS\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u57df\u540d&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u68c0\u67e5\u672c\u5730\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5982\u679c\u672c\u5730\u7f13\u5b58\u6ca1\u6709&#xff0c;\u5411\u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7f13\u5b58&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7f13\u5b58&#xff0c;\u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5411\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5411\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u6743\u5a01\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5411\u6743\u5a01\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u6743\u5a01\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56deIP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7f13\u5b58\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h3>3. TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840<\/h4>\n<h5>3.1.1 Socket\u7f16\u7a0b<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Socket\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e0eTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8f6f\u4ef6\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42&#xff0c;\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Socket\u901a\u4fe1\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u521b\u5efaSocket&#xff0c;\u7ed1\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u521b\u5efaSocket&#xff0c;\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684Socket\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7Socket\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u901a\u4fe1\u7ed3\u675f&#xff0c;\u5173\u95edSocket<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h5>3.1.2 Java\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> import\u00a0java.io.*;<br \/>\nimport\u00a0java.net.*;<\/p>\n<p>publicclass\u00a0TCPServer\u00a0{<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0public\u00a0static\u00a0void\u00a0main(String[] args)\u00a0throws\u00a0IOException\u00a0{<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 ServerSocket serverSocket &#061;\u00a0new\u00a0ServerSocket(8888);<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 System.out.println(&#034;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u542f\u52a8&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5&#8230;&#034;);<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Socket socket &#061; serverSocket.accept();<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 System.out.println(&#034;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5&#xff1a;&#034;\u00a0&#043; socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 BufferedReader in &#061;\u00a0new\u00a0BufferedReader(new\u00a0InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 PrintWriter out &#061;\u00a0new\u00a0PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),\u00a0true);<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 String line;<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0while\u00a0((line &#061; in.readLine()) !&#061;\u00a0null) {<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 System.out.println(&#034;\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6d88\u606f&#xff1a;&#034;\u00a0&#043; line);<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 out.println(&#034;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56de\u590d&#xff1a;&#034;\u00a0&#043; line);<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0if\u00a0(line.equals(&#034;bye&#034;))\u00a0break;<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 }<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 in.close();<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 out.close();<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 socket.close();<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 serverSocket.close();<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 }<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TCP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> import\u00a0java.io.*;<br \/>\nimport\u00a0java.net.*;<\/p>\n<p>publicclass\u00a0TCPClient\u00a0{<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0public\u00a0static\u00a0void\u00a0main(String[] args)\u00a0throws\u00a0IOException\u00a0{<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Socket socket &#061;\u00a0new\u00a0Socket(&#034;localhost&#034;,\u00a08888);<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 BufferedReader in &#061;\u00a0new\u00a0BufferedReader(new\u00a0InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 PrintWriter out &#061;\u00a0new\u00a0PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),\u00a0true);<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 BufferedReader stdIn &#061;\u00a0new\u00a0BufferedReader(new\u00a0InputStreamReader(System.in));<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 String userInput;<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0while\u00a0((userInput &#061; stdIn.readLine()) !&#061;\u00a0null) {<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 out.println(userInput);<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 System.out.println(&#034;\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56de\u590d&#xff1a;&#034;\u00a0&#043; in.readLine());<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0if\u00a0(userInput.equals(&#034;bye&#034;))\u00a0break;<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 }<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 in.close();<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 out.close();<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 stdIn.close();<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 socket.close();<br \/>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 }<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<h4>3.2 \u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168<\/h4>\n<h5>3.2.1 \u5e38\u89c1\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">DDoS\u653b\u51fb&#xff1a;\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f7f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb&#xff1a;\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4&#xff0c;\u7a83\u542c\u6216\u7be1\u6539\u901a\u4fe1\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">ARP\u6b3a\u9a97&#xff1a;\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53d1\u9001\u4f2a\u9020\u7684ARP\u6d88\u606f&#xff0c;\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\u5173\u8054<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">DNS\u52ab\u6301&#xff1a;\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7be1\u6539DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u6076\u610f\u7f51\u7ad9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3.2.2 \u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u62a4<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u9632\u706b\u5899&#xff1a;\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8fdb\u51fa\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;IDS&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u7591\u6d3b\u52a8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5165\u4fb5\u9632\u5fa1\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;IPS&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5e76\u4e3b\u52a8\u963b\u6b62\u53ef\u7591\u6d3b\u52a8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">VPN&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5171\u7f51\u7edc\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">SSL\/TLS&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4fdd\u969c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u4f18\u5316\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 TCP\/IP\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\n<h5>4.1.1 TCP\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TCP\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f&#xff1a;\u589e\u5927\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TCP\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f&#xff1a;\u8c03\u6574\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TCP\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">TCP\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20&#xff1a;\u8c03\u6574\u91cd\u4f20\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>4.1.2 \u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u4f18\u5316<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861&#xff1a;\u5206\u6563\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc&#xff08;CDN&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5c06\u5185\u5bb9\u7f13\u5b58\u5230\u79bb\u7528\u6237\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8282\u70b9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u5c06\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u5272\u4e3a\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc&#xff0c;\u51cf\u5c11\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4.2 \u5e38\u89c1\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664<\/h4>\n<h5>4.2.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u5de5\u5177<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">ping&#xff1a;\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">traceroute\/tracert&#xff1a;\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u6e90\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">netstat&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u8def\u7531\u8868\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">nslookup\/dig&#xff1a;\u67e5\u8be2DNS\u8bb0\u5f55<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">tcpdump\/Wireshark&#xff1a;\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>4.2.2 \u5e38\u89c1\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;\u68c0\u67e5\u7269\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u3001IP\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u9ad8&#xff1a;\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u3001\u8def\u7531\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u6545\u969c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5931&#xff1a;\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u8d28\u91cf\u3001MTU\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">DNS\u89e3\u6790\u5931\u8d25&#xff1a;\u68c0\u67e5DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u672c\u5730hosts\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5. TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55<\/h3>\n<h4>5.1 IPv6\u7684\u666e\u53ca<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">IPv6\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u6b63\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u52a0\u901f&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">IPv4\u5730\u5740\u8017\u5c3d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u6570\u91cf\u6fc0\u589e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">5G\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u90e8\u7f72<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>5.2 \u65b0\u5174\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">SDN&#xff08;\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f51\u7edc&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236\u5e73\u9762\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u9762\u5206\u79bb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">NFV&#xff08;\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u865a\u62df\u5316&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u4ece\u4e13\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">5G\u7f51\u7edc&#xff1a;\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff1a;\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8fb9\u7f18&#xff0c;\u51cf\u5c11\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h3>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u300aTCP\/IP\u8be6\u89e3 \u53771&#xff1a;\u534f\u8bae\u300b&#xff0c;W. Richard Stevens \u8457<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc&#xff1a;\u81ea\u9876\u5411\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b&#xff0c;James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross \u8457<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u300aTCP\/IP\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u300b&#xff0c;\u5c39\u5723\u96e8 \u8457<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">RFC 791&#xff1a;Internet Protocol<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">RFC 793&#xff1a;Transmission Control Protocol<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">RFC 768&#xff1a;User Datagram Protocol<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">RFC 2460&#xff1a;Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<h2>\u5b58\u50a8\u5feb\u7167\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h2>\n<h3>\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5b58\u50a8\u5feb\u7167&#xff08;Storage Snapshot&#xff09;\u662f\u6307\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u5bf9\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u5377\u7684\u6570\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u62f7\u8d1d\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5b83\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5373\u65f6\u7167\u7247&#xff0c;\u6355\u83b7\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e2d\u65ad\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6216\u963b\u585e\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5b58\u50a8\u5feb\u7167\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236&#xff08;Copy-on-Write&#xff09;\u6216\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5199\u5165&#xff08;Redirect-on-Write&#xff09;\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236&#xff08;Copy-on-Write&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u5143\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5f53\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5148\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5feb\u7167\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u57df&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5feb\u7167\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5199\u5165&#xff08;Redirect-on-Write&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\u540e&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u90fd\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8&#xff0c;\u6210\u4e3a\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u6620\u5c04\u8868&#xff0c;\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u65b0\u65e7\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5b58\u50a8\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014<\/h3>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u63d0\u4f9b\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5141\u8bb8\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u51cf\u5c11\u5907\u4efd\u7a97\u53e3\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u707e\u96be\u6062\u590d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u707e\u96be\u6062\u590d\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u5173\u952e\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u4ea7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u526f\u672c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u6570\u636e\u8fc1\u79fb&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc1\u79fb\u6216\u5347\u7ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: 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