![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/20250612065556-684a79fcd25ff.png\")
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3，Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5f00\u6e90\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7279\u6027，\u6210\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9886\u57df\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u652f\u67f1\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7，Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u6280\u672f\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u8574\u542b\u7740\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u672f\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8fdb\u9636\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u4f18\u5316\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e\u200b<\/p>\n
1.1 \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u642d\u5efa（Nginx \u4e0e Apache）\u200b<\/p>\n
Nginx \u548c Apache \u662f Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e24\u6b3e Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6f\u4ef6，\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
Nginx \u4ee5\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u3001\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u8457\u79f0，\u9002\u5408\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8e \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf ，\u5178\u578b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u5982\u4e0b：\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
TypeScript<\/p>\n
\u53d6\u6d88\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c\u590d\u5236<\/p>\n
server {\u200b<\/p>\n
listen 80;\u200b<\/p>\n
server_name example.com;\u200b<\/p>\n
root \/var\/www\/html;\u200b<\/p>\n
index index.html index.htm;\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
location \/ {\u200b<\/p>\n
try_files $uri $uri\/ =404;\u200b<\/p>\n
}\u200b<\/p>\n
}\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e location \u5757，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84，\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u3001CSS\u3001JavaScript \u7b49\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf，\u51cf\u5c11\u5904\u7406\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
Apache \u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc，\u6a21\u5757\u4f17\u591a，\u9002\u5408\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf ，\u5f00\u542f mod_rewrite \u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0 URL \u91cd\u5199\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b：\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
TypeScript<\/p>\n
\u53d6\u6d88\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c\u590d\u5236<\/p>\n
LoadModule rewrite_module modules\/mod_rewrite.so\u200b<\/p>\n
<Directory \/var\/www\/html>\u200b<\/p>\n
RewriteEngine On\u200b<\/p>\n
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}!-f\u200b<\/p>\n
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}!-d\u200b<\/p>\n
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php\/$1 [L]\u200b<\/p>\n
<\/Directory>\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u975e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 index.php ，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e PHP \u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5904\u7406\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
1.2 \u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236（Traffic Control，TC）\u200b<\/p>\n
\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e26\u5bbd\u6709\u9650\u6216\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u901f\u65f6，\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 tc \u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u9650\u5236\u7f51\u5361 eth0 \u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e3a 1Mbps ：\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
TypeScript<\/p>\n
\u53d6\u6d88\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c\u590d\u5236<\/p>\n
tc qdisc add dev eth0 root tbf rate 1mbit latency 50ms burst 1540\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\u6876\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668（Token Bucket Filter，TBF），\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574 rate（\u901f\u7387）\u3001latency（\u5ef6\u8fdf）\u548c burst（\u7a81\u53d1\u91cf）\u53c2\u6570，\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf，\u9632\u6b62\u5e26\u5bbd\u88ab\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5360\u7528，\u4fdd\u969c\u670d\u52a1\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u6280\u672f：Docker \u4e0e Kubernetes\u200b<\/p>\n
2.1 Docker \u5bb9\u5668\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u200b<\/p>\n
Docker \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u5bb9\u5668\u6280\u672f，\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5bb9\u5668，\u5b9e\u73b0 \u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6784\u5efa，\u968f\u5904\u8fd0\u884c\u201d\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e Ubuntu \u955c\u50cf\u7684\u7b80\u5355 Dockerfile \u793a\u4f8b：\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
TypeScript<\/p>\n
\u53d6\u6d88\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c\u590d\u5236<\/p>\n
FROM ubuntu:latest\u200b<\/p>\n
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip\u200b<\/p>\n
COPY requirements.txt \/app\/\u200b<\/p>\n
WORKDIR \/app\u200b<\/p>\n
RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt\u200b<\/p>\n
COPY. \/app\u200b<\/p>\n
CMD ["python3", "app.py"]\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0 Dockerfile \u9996\u5148\u57fa\u4e8e\u6700\u65b0\u7684 Ubuntu \u955c\u50cf，\u5b89\u88c5 Python 3 \u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u4f9d\u8d56，\u590d\u5236\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56，\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u5bb9\u5668\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 docker build -t myapp. \u547d\u4ee4\u6784\u5efa\u955c\u50cf，docker run myapp \u5373\u53ef\u542f\u52a8\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
2.2 Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u7ba1\u7406\u200b<\/p>\n
Kubernetes（\u7b80\u79f0 K8s）\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u90e8\u7f72\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 Deployment \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 myapp-deployment.yaml ：\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
TypeScript<\/p>\n
\u53d6\u6d88\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c\u590d\u5236<\/p>\n
apiVersion: apps\/v1\u200b<\/p>\n
kind: Deployment\u200b<\/p>\n
metadata:\u200b<\/p>\n
name: myapp-deployment\u200b<\/p>\n
spec:\u200b<\/p>\n
replicas: 3\u200b<\/p>\n
selector:\u200b<\/p>\n
matchLabels:\u200b<\/p>\n
app: myapp\u200b<\/p>\n
template:\u200b<\/p>\n
metadata:\u200b<\/p>\n
labels:\u200b<\/p>\n
app: myapp\u200b<\/p>\n
spec:\u200b<\/p>\n
containers:\u200b<\/p>\n
– name: myapp-container\u200b<\/p>\n
image: myapp:latest\u200b<\/p>\n
ports:\u200b<\/p>\n
– containerPort: 80\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u7684 Deployment，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 myapp \u955c\u50cf，\u5e76\u66b4\u9732 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 kubectl apply -f myapp-deployment.yaml \u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u7528\u914d\u7f6e，K8s \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6062\u590d，\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u200b<\/p>\n
3.1 \u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e（iptables \u4e0e ufw）\u200b<\/p>\n
iptables \u662f Linux \u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5de5\u5177，\u901a\u8fc7\u89c4\u5219\u94fe\u7ba1\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8 SSH（22 \u7aef\u53e3）\u3001HTTP（80 \u7aef\u53e3）\u548c HTTPS（443 \u7aef\u53e3）\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u914d\u7f6e：\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
TypeScript<\/p>\n
\u53d6\u6d88\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c\u590d\u5236<\/p>\n
iptables -P INPUT DROP\u200b<\/p>\n
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT\u200b<\/p>\n
iptables -A INPUT -m state –state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT\u200b<\/p>\n
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT\u200b<\/p>\n
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT\u200b<\/p>\n
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp –dport 443 -j ACCEPT\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219\u9996\u5148\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u5165\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf，\u7136\u540e\u5141\u8bb8\u672c\u5730\u56de\u73af\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6d41\u91cf，\u6700\u540e\u5f00\u653e\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
ufw（Uncomplicated Firewall） \u662f iptables \u7684\u7b80\u5316\u524d\u7aef\u5de5\u5177，\u9002\u5408\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u542f\u7528 ufw \u5e76\u5141\u8bb8 SSH \u548c HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4：\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
TypeScript<\/p>\n
\u53d6\u6d88\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c\u590d\u5236<\/p>\n
ufw default deny incoming\u200b<\/p>\n
ufw default allow outgoing\u200b<\/p>\n
ufw allow OpenSSH\u200b<\/p>\n
ufw allow 80\/tcp\u200b<\/p>\n
ufw enable\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
3.2 \u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 auditd \u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u76d1\u63a7 \/etc\/passwd \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fee\u6539：\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
TypeScript<\/p>\n
\u53d6\u6d88\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c\u590d\u5236<\/p>\n
auditctl -w \/etc\/passwd -p wa -k passwd_changes\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u8868\u793a\u5f53 \/etc\/passwd \u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5199\u5165（w）\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u6539\u53d8（a）\u65f6，\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0 passwd_changes \u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b \/var\/log\/audit\/audit.log \u6587\u4ef6，\u53ef\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u540c\u65f6，\u5229\u7528 rsyslog \u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790，\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e \/etc\/rsyslog.conf \u6587\u4ef6，\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u90ae\u4ef6\u65e5\u5fd7\u53d1\u9001\u5230 mailserver.example.com ：\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
TypeScript<\/p>\n
\u53d6\u6d88\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c\u590d\u5236<\/p>\n
mail.* @mailserver.example.com\u200b<\/p>\n
\u200b<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u200b<\/p>\n
Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u9886\u57df\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u8fdb，\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u4f18\u5316\u5230\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u6280\u672f，\u518d\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa，\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u90fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u9636\u77e5\u8bc6，\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027，\u8fd8\u80fd\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5，\u7d27\u8ddf Linux \u751f\u6001\u7684\u6b65\u4f10，\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u4e1a\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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