![\"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/20250612002053-684a1d65d7153.gif\")
<\/p>\n \u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p>\n
\u7b80\u4ecb：\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u5408\u96c6\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u5728Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884cC++\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e13\u9898，\u6559\u7a0b\u5e2e\u52a9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4eec\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6709\u6548\u638c\u63e1C++\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ecC++\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u3001GCC\u7f16\u8bd1\u8c03\u8bd5\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u6a21\u578b\u3001STL\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u5143\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3C++\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u3001\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236（\u5982Git）\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u6784\u5efa\u5de5\u5177（\u5982Makefile\/CMake）\u4ee5\u53ca\u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177（\u5982GDB\u3001gprof\u548cvalgrind）\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7ed3\u5408，\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u53ca\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5168\u9762\u800c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 ![\"\u57fa\u4e8eLinux\u7684C++](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/20250612002053-684a1d65ded95.png\")
<\/p>\n
C++\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00，\u56e0\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5f02，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5907\u53d7\u9752\u7750\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001\u5904\u7406，\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n
C++\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5982\u6574\u578b\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u578b\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u548c\u5e03\u5c14\u578b\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20，\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u8bed\u53e5\u5219\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b（OOP）\u662fC++\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00，\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u7c7b（class）\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u5b66\u4e60OOP\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u590d\u7528\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n
\/\/ \u793a\u4f8b：\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7c7b
\nclass Example {
\npublic:
\n \/\/ \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
\n Example() {
\n \/\/ …
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570
\n void function() {
\n \/\/ …
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728C++\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b，\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22C++\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002 <\/p>\n
GCC\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u96c6\u5408，\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u5305\u62ecC++\u5728\u5185\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，GCC\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5728\u57fa\u4e8eDebian\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5GCC： <\/p>\n
sudo apt-get update
\nsudo apt-get install build-essential<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u9a8c\u8bc1GCC\u7248\u672c： <\/p>\n
gcc –version<\/p>\n
GCC\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c06\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u673a\u5668\u7801\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u56db\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4：\u9884\u5904\u7406（Preprocessing）\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1（Compilation）\u3001\u6c47\u7f16（Assembly）\u548c\u94fe\u63a5（Linking）\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca： <\/p>\n
\u9884\u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5904\u7406\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4，\u6bd4\u5982\u5b8f\u5b9a\u4e49 #define \u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b #include \u4ee5\u53ca\u6761\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 -E \u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u6267\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n
gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u5c06\u9884\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 -S \u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u6267\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n
gcc -S hello.i -o hello.s<\/p>\n
\u6c47\u7f16\u9636\u6bb5\u5c06\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u8bed\u8a00，\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 -c \u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u6267\u884c\u6c47\u7f16\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n
gcc -c hello.s -o hello.o<\/p>\n
\u94fe\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u9009\u9879\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f： <\/p>\n
gcc hello.c -o hello<\/p>\n
GCC\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u9009\u9879，\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5bf9\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u9009\u9879： <\/p>\n
GDB（GNU Debugger）\u662fGCC\u7684\u597d\u4f34\u4fa3，\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528GDB\u6765\u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n
\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0 -g \u9009\u9879\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f： <\/p>\n
gcc -g -o my_program my_program.c<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528GDB\u542f\u52a8\u8c03\u8bd5： <\/p>\n
gdb .\/my_program<\/p>\n
\u5728GDB\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u6682\u505c\u6267\u884c： <\/p>\n
(gdb) break main
\n(gdb) break 10<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u4f20\u5165\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53c2\u6570： <\/p>\n
(gdb) run [args]<\/p>\n
\u5355\u6b65\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316： <\/p>\n
(gdb) step
\n(gdb) next<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u53d8\u91cf： <\/p>\n
(gdb) print variable_name
\n(gdb) set variable_name = value<\/p>\n
\u5728\u65ad\u70b9\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u540e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 continue \u547d\u4ee4\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528 quit \u547d\u4ee4\u9000\u51faGDB： <\/p>\n
(gdb) continue
\n(gdb) quit<\/p>\n
| \u547d\u4ee4 | \u8bf4\u660e | | ———– | ————– | | break | \u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9 | | run | \u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f | | continue | \u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f | | step | \u5355\u6b65\u8fdb\u5165 | | next | \u5355\u6b65\u8df3\u8fc7 | | print | \u6253\u5370\u53d8\u91cf\u503c | | set | \u4fee\u6539\u53d8\u91cf\u503c | | list | \u663e\u793a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801 | | info | \u663e\u793a\u65ad\u70b9\u4fe1\u606f | | quit | \u9000\u51faGDB\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668 | <\/p>\n
GCC\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f16\u8bd1\u6280\u5de7，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u6216\u6dfb\u52a0\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f16\u8bd1\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd： <\/p>\n
GCC\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4f7f\u7528 -O2 \u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u7b49\u4f18\u5316，\u4f7f\u7528 -O3 \u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u4f18\u5316： <\/p>\n
gcc -O2 -o optimized_program my_program.c<\/p>\n
GCC\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u6216\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5c06\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u76f4\u63a5\u5305\u542b\u5728\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d，\u800c\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6： <\/p>\n
gcc -static -o static_program my_program.c
\ngcc -o dynamic_program my_program.c -lm<\/p>\n
GCC\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u8b66\u544a\u9009\u9879，\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u95ee\u9898，\u5e76\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765： <\/p>\n
gcc -Wall -Wextra -o my_program my_program.c<\/p>\n
GCC\u652f\u6301\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027，\u4f8b\u5982\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u63d2\u4ef6\u3001GCC\u6269\u5c55\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u6765\u6269\u5c55GCC\u7684\u529f\u80fd，\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u9700\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
GCC\u652f\u6301C++11\/14\/17\u7b49\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7279\u6027，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u9009\u9879\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027： <\/p>\n
gcc -std=c++17 -o my_program my_program.c<\/p>\n
GCC\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u884c\u4e3a，\u4f8b\u5982\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u68c0\u67e5\u7b49： <\/p>\n
gcc -fplugin=my_plugin.so -o my_program my_program.c<\/p>\n
GCC\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u96c6\u6210，\u4f8b\u5982\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u7b49，\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387： <\/p>\n
gcc -fanalyzer -o my_program my_program.c<\/p>\n
GCC\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3aC++\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177，\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u3002\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1GCC\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u5b66\u4e60，\u8bfb\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5229\u7528GCC\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165Linux\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u6307\u9488\u64cd\u4f5c，\u63a2\u7d22\u66f4\u591aC++\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002 <\/p>\n
Linux\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7406\u89e3Linux\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u6307\u9488\u4f5c\u4e3aC++\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u800c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7279\u6027，\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u6307\u9488\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u800c\u53c8\u5173\u952e\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u3002\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4，\u800c\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5219\u662f\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684RAM\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f（VM）\u5c06\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a，\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002 <\/p>\n
Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5305\u62ec brk() \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3001 mmap() \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7b49\u3002 brk() \u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u6574\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5806\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f，\u800c mmap() \u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 <\/p>\n
Linux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u5305\u542b\u4f19\u4f34\u7cfb\u7edf（Buddy System）\u548cslab\u5206\u914d\u5668\u7b49\u3002\u4f19\u4f34\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d，\u800cslab\u5206\u914d\u5668\u5219\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5c0f\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d，\u5982\u5185\u6838\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u672a\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u9762\u65f6，\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u7f3a\u9875\u4e2d\u65ad（page fault）\u3002\u5185\u6838\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u4ea4\u6362\u533a\u52a0\u8f7d\u9875\u9762\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58，\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u662f\u6307\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u540e\u672a\u80fd\u91ca\u653e\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58，\u5bfc\u81f4\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11，\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d\u3002 <\/p>\n
Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 valgrind \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u68c0\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002 valgrind \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u672a\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f，\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488（\u5982 std::unique_ptr \u548c std::shared_ptr ）\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u51cf\u5c11\u624b\u52a8 new \u548c delete \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6307\u9488\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5728C++\u4e2d，\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6548\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u9ad8\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbf\u95ee，\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u503c\u4f20\u9012，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u5f53\u4f20\u9012\u6307\u9488\u65f6，\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u5bf9\u6307\u9488\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c，\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728C++\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981，\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u4f20\u5165\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4f7f\u7528 new \u548c delete （\u6216 new[] \u548c delete[] ）\u6765\u5206\u522b\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u91ca\u653e，\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488，\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u591a\u7ea7\u6307\u9488，\u662f\u6307\u5b58\u50a8\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6307\u5411\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6307\u9488\u65f6，\u6216\u8005\u5728C++\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u65f6，\u591a\u7ea7\u6307\u9488\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u5230\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6307\u9488\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u60ac\u7a7a\u548c\u8d8a\u754c\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u9020\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u5199C++\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6，\u5e94\u59cb\u7ec8\u68c0\u67e5\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5426\u4e3a nullptr ，\u5e76\u4e14\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u6307\u5411\u6709\u6548\u4e14\u672a\u8d8a\u754c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7C\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u51fd\u6570 malloc \u6765\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58，\u4f7f\u7528 free \u6765\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
#include <stdlib.h><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n int *ptr = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)); \/\/ \u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58
\n if (ptr == NULL) {
\n \/\/ \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25\u5904\u7406
\n return 1;
\n }
\n *ptr = 10; \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58
\n free(ptr); \/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7 mmap \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4，\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/mman.h>
\n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n int fd = open("testfile.txt", O_RDONLY); \/\/ \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6
\n if (fd == -1) {
\n \/\/ \u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u5931\u8d25\u5904\u7406
\n return 1;
\n }
\n off_t size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END); \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f
\n void *addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0); \/\/ \u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6
\n close(fd); \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u6587\u4ef6\u6620\u5c04\u4ecd\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u5185\u5b58addr<\/p>\n
munmap(addr, size); \/\/ \u53d6\u6d88\u6620\u5c04
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 valgrind \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
valgrind –leak-check=full .\/a.out<\/p>\n
valgrind \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u60c5\u51b5，\u5305\u62ec\u6cc4\u6f0f\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u3002 <\/p>\n
C++11\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
#include <memory><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n std::unique_ptr<int> ptr = std::make_unique<int>(10); \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528make_unique\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58
\n \/\/ \u5f53ptr\u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6，\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd，\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86Linux\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u6307\u9488\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u5b89\u5168\u7684C++\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728C++\u4e2d，\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（sockets）\u5b8c\u6210\u7684，\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7aef\u70b9\u3002TCP\u548cUDP\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae，\u5176\u4e2dTCP（\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae）\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1，\u800cUDP（\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae）\u5219\u662f\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u901f\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n
| \u7279\u6027 | TCP | UDP | | — | — | — | | \u8fde\u63a5\u6027 | \u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5 | \u65e0\u8fde\u63a5 | | \u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93 | \u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93 | \u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93 | | \u901f\u5ea6 | \u8f83\u6162 | \u8f83\u5feb | | \u987a\u5e8f\u4fdd\u8bc1 | \u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u987a\u5e8f | \u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u987a\u5e8f | | \u91cd\u590d\u6570\u636e | \u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u6570\u636e | \u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u91cd\u590d\u6570\u636e | | \u4f8b\u5b50\u5e94\u7528 | \u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93 | \u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f | <\/p>\n
\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u540e，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u5e94\u7528，\u5982\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6，TCP\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9；\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528，\u5982\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f，UDP\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002 <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <cstring><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n int server_fd, new_socket;
\n struct sockaddr_in address;
\n int opt = 1;
\n int addrlen = sizeof(address);
\n char buffer[1024] = {0};
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
\n perror("socket failed");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5230\u7aef\u53e38080
\n if (setsockopt(server_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt))) {
\n perror("setsockopt");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n }
\n address.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
\n address.sin_port = htons(8080);<\/p>\n
if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
\n perror("bind failed");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3
\n if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
\n perror("listen");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5
\n if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
\n perror("accept");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e
\n read(new_socket, buffer, 1024);
\n printf("%s\\\\n", buffer);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n close(server_fd);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2aTCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a，\u63a5\u7740\u76d1\u542c\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u540e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u7136\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c，\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d，\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u6570\u767e\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06\u6d88\u8017\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
| \u5e76\u53d1\u6a21\u578b | \u63cf\u8ff0 | \u4f18\u70b9 | \u7f3a\u70b9 | | — | — | — | — | | \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b | \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b | \u76f4\u89c2\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 | \u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u5927\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u540c\u6b65\u590d\u6742 | | \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60 | \u4e00\u7ec4\u7ebf\u7a0b\u91cd\u590d\u7528\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42 | \u7ebf\u7a0b\u590d\u7528\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362 | \u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406 | | \u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8 | \u4e8b\u4ef6（\u5982\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u6536）\u89e6\u53d1\u56de\u8c03 | \u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u4f4e | \u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u590d\u6742，\u8c03\u8bd5\u56f0\u96be | <\/p>\n
graph TD
\n A[\u76d1\u542c\u4e8b\u4ef6] –>|\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5| B[\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5]
\n A –>|\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u6536| C[\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e]
\n B –> D[\u8fdb\u5165\u4e8b\u4ef6\u961f\u5217]
\n C –> D
\n D –> E[\u6267\u884c\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570]
\n E –>|\u5b8c\u6210| A<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u5404\u79cd\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6392\u961f\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6，\u5982\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u6536，\u5b83\u5c06\u89e6\u53d1\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570，\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <sys\/epoll.h><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n int epoll_fd = epoll_create1(0);
\n struct epoll_event event;
\n struct epoll_event *events;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5206\u914d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u5927\u5c0f
\n events = new struct epoll_event[1000];<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5c06\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u52a0\u5165epoll
\n event.data.fd = server_fd;
\n event.events = EPOLLIN;
\n epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, server_fd, &event);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f
\n int nfds = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, events, 1000, -1);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6
\n for(int n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) {
\n if (events[n].events & EPOLLIN) {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u6570\u636e
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6e05\u7406
\n close(server_fd);
\n delete[] events;
\n close(epoll_fd);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86epoll，\u8fd9\u662fLinux\u7279\u6709\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76d1\u542c\u673a\u5236，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e0a\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aepoll\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u5e76\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u52a0\u5165\u5230epoll\u3002\u7136\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u7b49\u5f85epoll\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f，\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u8bfb\u5199\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u9996\u5148，\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u963b\u585e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5176\u6b21，\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316，\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u95f4\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n
#include <fcntl.h>
\n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5c06\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f
\nint flags = fcntl(new_socket, F_GETFL, 0);
\nfcntl(new_socket, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5c1d\u8bd5\u975e\u963b\u585e\u8bfb\u53d6
\nint n = read(new_socket, buffer, 1024);
\nif (n < 0) {
\n if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
\n \/\/ \u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u8bfb，\u4e0d\u963b\u585e
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6807\u5fd7，\u7136\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86 O_NONBLOCK \u6807\u5fd7，\u4f7f\u5f97\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53d8\u4e3a\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u8bfb，\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de，\u5e76\u4e14 errno \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a EWOULDBLOCK \u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6，\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u4e86\u89e3\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u624b\u6bb5，\u5982\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1（DoS）\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba（MITM）\u653b\u51fb\u7b49，\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u63aa\u65bd\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u62a4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u673a\u5236\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u624b\u6bb5\u3002 <\/p>\n
| \u7b56\u7565 | \u63cf\u8ff0 | | — | — | | \u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1 | \u4f7f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u7b49\u52a0\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93 | | \u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1 | \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8eab\u4efd，\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801 | | \u6388\u6743\u673a\u5236 | \u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u670d\u52a1 | | \u9632DoS\u653b\u51fb | \u9650\u5236\u8fde\u63a5\u901f\u7387\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf | | \u9632MITM\u653b\u51fb | \u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236 | <\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565，\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027，\u51cf\u5c11\u906d\u53d7\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9886\u57df，\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002C++\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u540e，\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5，\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u65e5\u76ca\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840，\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b，\u5e76\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002 <\/p>\n
C++\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u677f\u5e93（STL）\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u96c6\u5408，\u5b83\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u4efb\u52a1，\u5982\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002STL\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210： <\/p>\n
\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5，\u662f\u5229\u7528STL\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002 <\/p>\n
STL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5bb9\u5668，\u6bcf\u79cd\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u9014\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <list>
\n#include <map><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n \/\/ \u5411\u91cf（Vector）\u7684\u4f7f\u7528
\n std::vector<int> vec = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
\n vec.push_back(6); \/\/ \u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5217\u8868（List）\u7684\u4f7f\u7528
\n std::list<int> lst;
\n lst.push_back(1);
\n lst.push_front(0);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6620\u5c04（Map）\u7684\u4f7f\u7528
\n std::map<std::string, int> m;
\n m["one"] = 1;
\n m["two"] = 2;<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5411\u91cf（Vector）\u3001\u5217\u8868（List）\u548c\u6620\u5c04（Map）\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bb9\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u662fSTL\u7684\u57fa\u77f3，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7b97\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <algorithm><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n std::vector<int> vec = {5, 2, 8, 3, 1};
\n std::sort(vec.begin(), vec.end()); \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n
for (auto it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); ++it) {
\n std::cout << *it << ' '; \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u904d\u5386\u5bb9\u5668
\n }<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 std::sort \u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u5bf9\u5411\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5bb9\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d77\u5230\u6865\u6881\u4f5c\u7528，\u4f7f\u5f97\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n
STL\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec： <\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <algorithm><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n std::vector<int> vec = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e3\u7684\u5143\u7d20
\n auto it = std::find_if(vec.begin(), vec.end(), [](int x) { return x > 3; });
\n if (it != vec.end()) {
\n std::cout << "Found " << *it << " which is greater than 3" << std::endl;
\n }<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u548c std::find_if \u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002 <\/p>\n
STL\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684C++\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u638c\u63e1STL\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u5347\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u80fd\u529b，\u8fd8\u80fd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u6311\u6218\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p>\n
\u7b80\u4ecb：\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u5408\u96c6\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u5728Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884cC++\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e13\u9898，\u6559\u7a0b\u5e2e\u52a9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4eec\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6709\u6548\u638c\u63e1C++\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ecC++\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u3001GCC\u7f16\u8bd1\u8c03\u8bd5\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u6a21\u578b\u3001STL\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u5143\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3C++\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u3001\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236（\u5982Git）\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u6784\u5efa\u5de5\u5177（\u5982Makefile\/CMake）\u4ee5\u53ca\u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177（\u5982GDB\u3001gprof\u548cvalgrind）\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7ed3\u5408，\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u53ca\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5168\u9762\u800c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb758\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e23\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf13\u6b21\u3002C++\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5f02\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5907\u53d7\u9752\u7750\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u3002\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5219\u662f\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684RAM\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f\uff08VM\uff09\u5c06\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":43357,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-43359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server"],"yoast_head":"\n