{"id":43236,"date":"2025-06-11T10:16:07","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T02:16:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/43236.html"},"modified":"2025-06-11T10:16:07","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T02:16:07","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%b8%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%94%9f%e6%88%90tls%e8%af%81%e4%b9%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/43236.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u751f\u6210TLS\u8bc1\u4e66"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>TLS&#xff08;Transport Layer Security&#xff09;\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u672f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u88ab\u7a83\u542c\u548c\u7be1\u6539\u3002\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6eTLS\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u60a8\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aTLS\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"slide-1\">1. \u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u751f\u6210TLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86OpenSSL&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u5de5\u5177\u5305&#xff0c;\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8bc1\u4e66\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"slide-2\">\u5b89\u88c5OpenSSL<\/h5>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5OpenSSL&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sudo apt-get update<br \/>\nsudo apt-get install openssl -y <\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u66f4\u65b0\u5305\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5OpenSSL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"slide-3\">2. \u751f\u6210\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79c1\u94a5<\/h4>\n<p>\u79c1\u94a5\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u751f\u6210TLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5148\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048 <\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;openssl genrsa\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aRSA\u79c1\u94a5&#xff0c;-out server.key\u00a0\u6307\u5b9a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a\u00a0server.key&#xff0c;2048\u00a0\u662f\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u4f4d\u6570&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a2048\u4f4d\u7684RSA\u79c1\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"slide-4\">3. \u521b\u5efa\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u540d\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff08;CSR&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u540d\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff08;CSR&#xff09;\u662f\u5411\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784&#xff08;CA&#xff09;\u7533\u8bf7\u7b7e\u53d1\u8bc1\u4e66\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u516c\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr <\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;openssl req -new\u00a0\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684CSR\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;-key server.key\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u79c1\u94a5&#xff0c;-out server.csr\u00a0\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u7684CSR\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a\u00a0server.csr\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u60a8\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Country Name (2 letter code)\u00a0&#xff1a;\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982CN\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>State or Province Name (full name)\u00a0&#xff1a;\u7701\u4efd\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982Beijing\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Locality Name (eg, city)\u00a0&#xff1a;\u57ce\u5e02\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982Beijing\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Organization Name (eg, company)\u00a0&#xff1a;\u7ec4\u7ec7\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982My Company Inc\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)\u00a0&#xff1a;\u90e8\u95e8\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982IT Department\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Common Name (eg, fully qualified domain name)\u00a0&#xff1a;\u5e38\u7528\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u60a8\u7684\u57df\u540d\u00a0www.example.com\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Email Address&#xff1a;\u8054\u7cfb\u90ae\u7bb1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u60a8\u8f93\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u9009\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5982\u5bc6\u7801\u6216\u5907\u7528\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u56de\u8f66\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"slide-5\">4. \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff08;\u53ef\u9009&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\u83b7\u53d6\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6216\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt <\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;openssl x509 -req\u00a0\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;-days 365\u00a0\u6307\u5b9a\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u4e3a365\u5929&#xff0c;-in server.csr\u00a0\u6307\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u751f\u6210\u7684CSR\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;-signkey server.key\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u8fdb\u884c\u7b7e\u540d&#xff0c;-out server.crt\u00a0\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a\u00a0server.crt\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"slide-6\">5. \u914d\u7f6eWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h4>\n<p>\u751f\u6210TLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u540e&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u5230Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5Apache\u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6eTLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"slide-7\">\u914d\u7f6eApache<\/h5>\n<li>\n<p>\u590d\u5236\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a; \u5c06\u751f\u6210\u7684\u00a0server.crt\u00a0\u548c\u00a0server.key\u00a0\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u5230Apache\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u00a0\/etc\/ssl\/certs\/\u00a0\u548c\u00a0\/etc\/ssl\/private\/\u3002<\/p>\n<p> sudo cp server.crt \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/<br \/>\nsudo cp server.key \/etc\/ssl\/private\/ <\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u522b\u590d\u5236\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5b58\u653e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f16\u8f91Apache\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a; \u6253\u5f00Apache\u7684SSL\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4f8b\u5982\u00a0\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/default-ssl.conf&#xff0c;\u5e76\u505a\u5982\u4e0b\u4fee\u6539&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> &lt;VirtualHost *:443&gt;<br \/>\n    ServerAdmin admin&#064;example.com<br \/>\n    ServerName www.example.com<\/p>\n<p>    SSLEngine on<br \/>\n    SSLCertificateFile \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/server.crt<br \/>\n    SSLCertificateKeyFile \/etc\/ssl\/private\/server.key<\/p>\n<p>    &lt;Directory \/var\/www\/html&gt;<br \/>\n        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks<br \/>\n        AllowOverride All<br \/>\n        Require all granted<br \/>\n    &lt;\/Directory&gt;<\/p>\n<p>    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log<br \/>\n    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined<br \/>\n&lt;\/VirtualHost&gt; <\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u5e76\u542f\u7528\u4e86SSL\u5f15\u64ce\u3002ServerName\u00a0\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u57df\u540d&#xff0c;&lt;Directory&gt;\u00a0\u5757\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u5bf9Web\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u542f\u7528SSL\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u542f\u7528SSL\u7ad9\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> sudo a2enmod ssl<br \/>\nsudo a2ensite default-ssl.conf<br \/>\nsudo systemctl reload apache2 <\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;a2enmod ssl\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u542f\u7528Apache\u7684SSL\u6a21\u5757&#xff0c;a2ensite\u00a0\u542f\u7528SSL\u7ad9\u70b9\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0systemctl reload apache2\u00a0\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7dApache\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h4 id=\"slide-8\">6. \u83b7\u53d6\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff08;\u53ef\u9009&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u7f51\u7ad9\u516c\u5f00\u5230\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784&#xff08;\u5982Let&#039;s Encrypt\u3001DigiCert\u7b49&#xff09;\u7533\u8bf7\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684TLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u4ee5Let&#039;s Encrypt\u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528Certbot\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"slide-9\">\u5b89\u88c5Certbot<\/h5>\n<p>sudo apt-get install certbot python3-certbot-apache -y <\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;certbot\u00a0\u662fLet&#039;s Encrypt\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#xff0c;python3-certbot-apache\u00a0\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0eApache\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"slide-10\">\u83b7\u53d6\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h5>\n<p>sudo certbot &#8211;apache -d example.com -d www.example.com <\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;certbot &#8211;apache\u00a0\u901a\u8fc7Apache\u63d2\u4ef6\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff0c;-d example.com -d www.example.com\u00a0\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u57df\u540d\u83b7\u53d6\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"slide-11\">\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h5>\n<p>Let&#039;s Encrypt\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709\u6548\u671f\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a90\u5929&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>sudo crontab -e <\/p>\n<p>\u5728cron\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>0 3 * * * \/usr\/bin\/certbot renew &#8211;quiet<br \/>\n\u200b<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u6761cron\u4efb\u52a1\u5c06\u4f1a\u6bcf\u5929\u51cc\u66683\u70b9\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002&#8211;quiet\u00a0\u53c2\u6570\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u8bc1\u4e66\u672a\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"slide-12\">7. \u9a8c\u8bc1TLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u5b89\u88c5<\/h4>\n<p>\u5b8c\u6210\u914d\u7f6e\u540e&#xff0c;\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u9a8c\u8bc1TLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7ad9&#xff1a; \u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u00a0https:\/\/example.com&#xff0c;\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u5730\u5740\u680f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9501\u56fe\u6807&#xff0c;\u70b9\u51fb\u5b83\u67e5\u770b\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u786e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e66\u5df2\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528OpenSSL\u68c0\u67e5\u8bc1\u4e66&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 <\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;openssl s_client\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5SSL\/TLS\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;-connect example.com:443\u00a0\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u540e&#xff0c;\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h4 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