{"id":42180,"date":"2025-06-06T18:25:49","date_gmt":"2025-06-06T10:25:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/42180.html"},"modified":"2025-06-06T18:25:49","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T10:25:49","slug":"%e5%9f%ba%e4%ba%8epython%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e3%80%8ahead-first%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%94%e7%ab%a0-%e5%8d%95%e4%bb%b6%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/42180.html","title":{"rendered":"\u57fa\u4e8ePython\u5b66\u4e60\u300aHead First\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u5355\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5355\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\u521d\u6b65\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f8b\u524d\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u521b\u5efa，\u5df2\u6709\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de，\u6ca1\u6709\u624d\u521b\u5efa \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\u7c7b\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u521b\u5efa（\u63a8\u8350）<\/h4>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

# singleton.py<\/span>
\nclass<\/span> Singleton<\/span>:<\/span>
\n def<\/span> __init__<\/span>(<\/span>self)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n self.<\/span>value =<\/span> "\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6570\u636e"<\/span><\/p>\n

_instance =<\/span> Singleton(<\/span>)<\/span> # \u6a21\u5757\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> get_instance<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> _instance<\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528<\/span>
\nfrom<\/span> singleton import<\/span> get_instance
\nobj1 =<\/span> get_instance(<\/span>)<\/span>
\nobj2 =<\/span> get_instance(<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>obj1 is<\/span> obj2)<\/span> # True<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f18\u70b9：\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u7b26\u5408Python\u98ce\u683c\u3002 \u7f3a\u70b9：\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa（\u975e\u61d2\u52a0\u8f7d）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u5199__new__\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

class<\/span> Singleton<\/span>:<\/span>
\n _instance =<\/span> None<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> __new__<\/span>(<\/span>cls,<\/span> *<\/span>args,<\/span> **<\/span>kwargs)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n if<\/span> not<\/span> cls.<\/span>_instance:<\/span>
\n cls.<\/span>_instance =<\/span> super<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>__new__(<\/span>cls)<\/span>
\n return<\/span> cls.<\/span>_instance<\/p>\n

def<\/span> __init__<\/span>(<\/span>self)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n self.<\/span>value =<\/span> "\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e"<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528<\/span>
\nobj1 =<\/span> Singleton(<\/span>)<\/span>
\nobj2 =<\/span> Singleton(<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>obj1 is<\/span> obj2)<\/span> # True<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53cc\u91cd\u68c0\u67e5\u52a0\u9501<\/h5>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

import<\/span> threading<\/p>\n

class<\/span> Singleton<\/span>:<\/span>
\n _instance =<\/span> None<\/span>
\n _lock =<\/span> threading.<\/span>Lock(<\/span>)<\/span> # \u7c7b\u4f3c Java \u7684 synchronized \u9501<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> __new__<\/span>(<\/span>cls)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n # \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u68c0\u67e5（\u65e0\u9501）<\/span>
\n if<\/span> not<\/span> cls.<\/span>_instance:<\/span>
\n # \u83b7\u53d6\u9501（\u7c7b\u4f3c synchronized \u5757）<\/span>
\n with<\/span> cls.<\/span>_lock:<\/span>
\n # \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u68c0\u67e5（\u6709\u9501）<\/span>
\n if<\/span> not<\/span> cls.<\/span>_instance:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>"\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5b9e\u4f8b"<\/span>)<\/span>
\n cls.<\/span>_instance =<\/span> super<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>__new__(<\/span>cls)<\/span>
\n # \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>
\n cls.<\/span>_instance.<\/span>value =<\/span> "\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e"<\/span>
\n return<\/span> cls.<\/span>_instance<\/p>\n

def<\/span> get_value<\/span>(<\/span>self)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> self.<\/span>value<\/p>\n

# \u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/span>
\nthreads =<\/span> [<\/span>]<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n t =<\/span> threading.<\/span>Thread(<\/span>target=<\/span>Singleton(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> name=<\/span>f"Thread-<\/span>{<\/span>i+<\/span>1<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>
\n threads.<\/span>append(<\/span>t)<\/span>
\n t.<\/span>start(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> t in<\/span> threads:<\/span>
\n t.<\/span>join(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h4>\n

import<\/span> functools<\/p>\n

def<\/span> singleton<\/span>(<\/span>cls)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n _instances =<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

@functools.<\/span>wraps<\/span>
\n def<\/span> wrapper<\/span>(<\/span>*<\/span>args,<\/span> **<\/span>kwargs)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n if<\/span> cls not<\/span> in<\/span> _instances:<\/span>
\n _instances[<\/span>cls]<\/span> =<\/span> cls(<\/span>*<\/span>args,<\/span> **<\/span>kwargs)<\/span>
\n return<\/span> _instances[<\/span>cls]<\/span>
\n return<\/span> wrapper<\/p>\n

@singleton<\/span>
\nclass<\/span> MyClass<\/span>:<\/span>
\n def<\/span> __init__<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> name)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n self.<\/span>name =<\/span> name<\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528<\/span>
\na =<\/span> MyClass(<\/span>"Alice"<\/span>)<\/span>
\nb =<\/span> MyClass(<\/span>"Bob"<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>a.<\/span>name,<\/span> b.<\/span>name)<\/span> # Alice Alice<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>a is<\/span> b)<\/span> # True<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u7c7b<\/h4>\n

class<\/span> SingletonMeta<\/span>(<\/span>type<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n _instances =<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span>
\n def<\/span> __call__<\/span>(<\/span>cls,<\/span> *<\/span>args,<\/span> **<\/span>kwargs)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n if<\/span> cls not<\/span> in<\/span> cls.<\/span>_instances:<\/span>
\n cls.<\/span>_instances[<\/span>cls]<\/span> =<\/span> super<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>__call__(<\/span>*<\/span>args,<\/span> **<\/span>kwargs)<\/span>
\n return<\/span> cls.<\/span>_instances[<\/span>cls]<\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> Logger<\/span>(<\/span>metaclass=<\/span>SingletonMeta)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n def<\/span> __init__<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> log_file)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n self.<\/span>log_file =<\/span> log_file<\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528<\/span>
\nlogger1 =<\/span> Logger(<\/span>"app.log"<\/span>)<\/span>
\nlogger2 =<\/span> Logger(<\/span>"new.log"<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>logger1.<\/span>log_file)<\/span> # app.log<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>logger1 is<\/span> logger2)<\/span> # True<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8981\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb348\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e7\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf3\u6b21\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f8b\u524d\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u624d\u521b\u5efa\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u7b26\u5408Python\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa\uff08\u975e\u61d2\u52a0\u8f7d\uff09\u3002\u53cc\u91cd\u68c0\u67e5\u52a0\u9501\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u7c7b\u8981\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":42173,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[81,371,2874],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-42180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-python","tag-371","tag-2874"],"yoast_head":"\n\u57fa\u4e8ePython\u5b66\u4e60\u300aHead First\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u5355\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/42180.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u57fa\u4e8ePython\u5b66\u4e60\u300aHead First\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u5355\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb348\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e7\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf3\u6b21\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f8b\u524d\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u624d\u521b\u5efa\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u7b26\u5408Python\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa\uff08\u975e\u61d2\u52a0\u8f7d\uff09\u3002\u53cc\u91cd\u68c0\u67e5\u52a0\u9501\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u7c7b\u8981\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/42180.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-06T10:25:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/20250606102546-6842c22a507e1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/42180.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/42180.html\",\"name\":\"\u57fa\u4e8ePython\u5b66\u4e60\u300aHead First\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u5355\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f - 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