{"id":42158,"date":"2025-06-06T18:25:36","date_gmt":"2025-06-06T10:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/42158.html"},"modified":"2025-06-06T18:25:36","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T10:25:36","slug":"java%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e4%b9%8b%e8%a7%82%e5%af%9f%e8%80%85%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/42158.html","title":{"rendered":"Java\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h2>\n

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f（Observer Pattern）\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/span>，\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61（\u4e3b\u9898）\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u65f6，\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61（\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005）\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6536\u5230\u901a\u77e5\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u53d1\u5e03-\u8ba2\u9605\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76d1\u542c\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u63a8\u9001\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3<\/h3>\n

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u89e3\u8026\u3002\u4e3b\u9898（Subject）\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005（Observer）\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0，\u53ea\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u518c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8ba2\u9605\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316，\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n

\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u89d2\u8272：<\/p>\n

  • \n

    Subject（\u4e3b\u9898\/\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005） \u5b9a\u4e49\u6ce8\u518c\u3001\u5220\u9664\u548c\u901a\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u63a5\u53e3，\u7ef4\u62a4\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    ConcreteSubject（\u5177\u4f53\u4e3b\u9898） \u5b9e\u73b0Subject\u63a5\u53e3，\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u8eab\u72b6\u6001，\u5e76\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u901a\u77e5\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Observer（\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005） \u5b9a\u4e49\u66f4\u65b0\u63a5\u53e3，\u63a5\u6536\u4e3b\u9898\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    ConcreteObserver（\u5177\u4f53\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005） \u5b9e\u73b0Observer\u63a5\u53e3，\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    \n

    \u4e09\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h2>\n

    1.\u7b80\u5355\u804a\u5929\u7cfb\u7edf\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n

    \u2474.Subject（\u4e3b\u9898\u63a5\u53e3）<\/h4>\n

    \/\/ \u4e3b\u9898\u63a5\u53e3
    \ninterface ChatRoom {
    \n void registerUser(User user);
    \n void removeUser(User user);
    \n void sendMessage(String message);
    \n} <\/p>\n

    \u2475.Observer(\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u63a5\u53e3)<\/h4>\n

    \/\/ \u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u63a5\u53e3
    \ninterface User {
    \n void receiveMessage(String message);
    \n} <\/p>\n

    \u2476.ConcreteSubject(\u5177\u4f53\u4e3b\u9898：\u804a\u5929\u5ba4)<\/h4>\n

    \/\/ \u5177\u4f53\u4e3b\u9898：\u804a\u5929\u5ba4
    \nclass GroupChat implements ChatRoom {
    \n private List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();<\/p>\n

    @Override
    \n public void registerUser(User user) {
    \n users.add(user);
    \n System.out.println(user + " \u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u804a\u5929");
    \n }<\/p>\n

    @Override
    \n public void removeUser(User user) {
    \n users.remove(user);
    \n System.out.println(user + " \u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u804a\u5929");
    \n }<\/p>\n

    @Override
    \n public void sendMessage(String message) {
    \n System.out.println("\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f: " + message);
    \n for (User user : users) {
    \n user.receiveMessage(message);
    \n }
    \n }
    \n} <\/p>\n

    \u2477.ConcreteObserver(\u5177\u4f53\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005：\u7528\u6237)<\/h4>\n

    \/\/ \u5177\u4f53\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005：\u7528\u6237
    \nclass ChatUser implements User {
    \n private String name;<\/p>\n

    public ChatUser(String name) {
    \n this.name = name;
    \n }<\/p>\n

    @Override
    \n public void receiveMessage(String message) {
    \n System.out.println(name + " \u6536\u5230\u6d88\u606f: " + message);
    \n }<\/p>\n

    @Override
    \n public String toString() {
    \n return name;
    \n }
    \n} <\/p>\n

    \u2478.\u4e3b\u7c7b\u6f14\u793a<\/h4>\n

    public class SimpleChatSystem {
    \n public static void main(String[] args) {
    \n \/\/\u521b\u5efa\u804a\u5929\u5ba4
    \n GroupChat chatroom = new GroupChat();
    \n \/\/\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237
    \n ChatUser zhangsan = new ChatUser("\u5f20\u4e09");
    \n ChatUser lisi = new ChatUser("\u674e\u56db");
    \n ChatUser wangwu = new ChatUser("\u738b\u4e94");
    \n \/\/\u6ce8\u518c\u7528\u6237\u5230\u804a\u5929\u5ba4
    \n chatroom.registerUser(zhangsan);
    \n chatroom.registerUser(lisi);
    \n chatroom.registerUser(wangwu);
    \n \/\/\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f
    \n chatroom.sendMessage("\u5927\u5bb6\u597d");
    \n \/\/\u79fb\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237
    \n chatroom.removeUser(lisi);
    \n \/\/\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6761\u4fe1\u606f
    \n chatroom.sendMessage("lisi\u5df2\u7ecf\u79bb\u5f00");
    \n }
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c：<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u2479.\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca<\/h4>\n

    \u2460.\u6838\u5fc3\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u7c7b<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      ChatRoom \u63a5\u53e3：\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5：\u6ce8\u518c\u7528\u6237\u3001\u79fb\u9664\u7528\u6237\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      User \u63a5\u53e3：\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      GroupChat \u7c7b：\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 ChatRoom \u63a5\u53e3，\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868，\u5e76\u5728\u6709\u65b0\u6d88\u606f\u65f6\u901a\u77e5\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u2461.\u5177\u4f53\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005<\/p>\n

        \n
      • ChatUser \u7c7b：\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 User \u63a5\u53e3，\u5f53\u6536\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u65f6\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u2462.\u4e3b\u7c7b\u6f14\u793a<\/p>\n

        SimpleChatSystem \u7c7b：\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a GroupChat \u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u591a\u4e2a ChatUser \u5bf9\u8c61，\u5e76\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u65f6，\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        2.\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n

        \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5f53\u5929\u6c14\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u901a\u77e5\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u9996\u5148，\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u63a5\u53e3：<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u63a5\u53e3
        \npublic interface Observer {
        \n void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure);
        \n} <\/p>\n

        \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765，\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3b\u9898\u63a5\u53e3：<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u4e3b\u9898\u63a5\u53e3
        \npublic interface Subject {
        \n void registerObserver(Observer o);
        \n void removeObserver(Observer o);
        \n void notifyObservers();
        \n} <\/p>\n

        \u7136\u540e，\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u4f53\u4e3b\u9898\u7c7b：<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u5177\u4f53\u4e3b\u9898\u7c7b
        \nimport java.util.ArrayList;
        \nimport java.util.List;<\/p>\n

        public class WeatherData implements Subject {
        \n private List<Observer> observers;
        \n private float temperature;
        \n private float humidity;
        \n private float pressure;<\/p>\n

        public WeatherData() {
        \n observers = new ArrayList<>();
        \n }<\/p>\n

        @Override
        \n public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
        \n observers.add(o);
        \n }<\/p>\n

        @Override
        \n public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
        \n observers.remove(o);
        \n }<\/p>\n

        @Override
        \n public void notifyObservers() {
        \n for (Observer observer : observers) {
        \n observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
        \n }
        \n }<\/p>\n

        public void measurementsChanged() {
        \n notifyObservers();
        \n }<\/p>\n

        public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
        \n this.temperature = temperature;
        \n this.humidity = humidity;
        \n this.pressure = pressure;
        \n measurementsChanged();
        \n }
        \n} <\/p>\n

        \u6700\u540e，\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u4f53\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7c7b：<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u5177\u4f53\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7c7b
        \npublic class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer {
        \n private float temperature;
        \n private float humidity;
        \n private Subject weatherData;<\/p>\n

        public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData) {
        \n this.weatherData = weatherData;
        \n weatherData.registerObserver(this);
        \n }<\/p>\n

        @Override
        \n public void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
        \n this.temperature = temperature;
        \n this.humidity = humidity;
        \n display();
        \n }<\/p>\n

        public void display() {
        \n System.out.println("Current conditions: " + temperature
        \n + "F degrees and " + humidity + "% humidity");
        \n }
        \n} <\/p>\n

        \u73b0\u5728，\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u7cfb\u7edf：<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b
        \npublic class WeatherStation {
        \n public static void main(String[] args) {
        \n WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();<\/p>\n

        CurrentConditionsDisplay currentDisplay =
        \n new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);<\/p>\n

        weatherData.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f);
        \n weatherData.setMeasurements(82, 70, 29.2f);
        \n weatherData.setMeasurements(78, 90, 29.2f);
        \n }
        \n} <\/p>\n

        \u56db\u3001Java \u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u652f\u6301<\/h2>\n

        Java \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u652f\u6301，\u4f4d\u4e8e java.util \u5305\u4e2d，\u5305\u62ec Observable \u7c7b\u548c Observer \u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 Java \u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n

        import java.util.Observable;
        \nimport java.util.Observer;<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528Java\u5185\u7f6e\u7684Observable\u7c7b
        \npublic class WeatherData extends Observable {
        \n private float temperature;
        \n private float humidity;
        \n private float pressure;<\/p>\n

        public WeatherData() {}<\/p>\n

        public void measurementsChanged() {
        \n setChanged();
        \n notifyObservers();
        \n }<\/p>\n

        public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
        \n this.temperature = temperature;
        \n this.humidity = humidity;
        \n this.pressure = pressure;
        \n measurementsChanged();
        \n }<\/p>\n

        public float getTemperature() {
        \n return temperature;
        \n }<\/p>\n

        public float getHumidity() {
        \n return humidity;
        \n }<\/p>\n

        public float getPressure() {
        \n return pressure;
        \n }
        \n}<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528Java\u5185\u7f6e\u7684Observer\u63a5\u53e3
        \npublic class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
        \n Observable observable;
        \n private float temperature;
        \n private float humidity;<\/p>\n

        public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Observable observable) {
        \n this.observable = observable;
        \n observable.addObserver(this);
        \n }<\/p>\n

        @Override
        \n public void update(Observable obs, Object arg) {
        \n if (obs instanceof WeatherData) {
        \n WeatherData weatherData = (WeatherData)obs;
        \n this.temperature = weatherData.getTemperature();
        \n this.humidity = weatherData.getHumidity();
        \n display();
        \n }
        \n }<\/p>\n

        @Override
        \n public void display() {
        \n System.out.println("Current conditions: " + temperature
        \n + "F degrees and " + humidity + "% humidity");
        \n }
        \n} <\/p>\n

        \u4e94\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h2>\n

        \u4f18\u70b9：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u677e\u8026\u5408，\u4e3b\u9898\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u590d\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u7b26\u5408\u5f00\u95ed\u539f\u5219，\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u4e3b\u9898\u5373\u53ef\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u652f\u6301\u5e7f\u64ad\u901a\u4fe1，\u4e3b\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u901a\u77e5\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u7f3a\u70b9：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u5982\u679c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u8fc7\u591a，\u901a\u77e5\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u4ed6\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u5728，\u5bfc\u81f4\u8c03\u8bd5\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u9898\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u8d56，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u516d\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n

            \u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u9700\u8981\u901a\u77e5\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u9700\u8981\u901a\u77e5\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61，\u800c\u53c8\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7d27\u5bc6\u8026\u5408\u65f6\u3002<\/li>\n
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