{"id":42080,"date":"2025-06-06T11:25:40","date_gmt":"2025-06-06T03:25:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/42080.html"},"modified":"2025-06-06T11:25:40","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T03:25:40","slug":"sysctl%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e5%89%96%e6%9e%90%ef%bc%9a%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96%e5%86%85%e6%a0%b8%e5%8f%82%e6%95%b0%e4%bb%a5%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%87%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/42080.html","title":{"rendered":"`sysctl`\u547d\u4ee4\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\/IO\u6027\u80fd\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n \u66f4\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff0c;\u5c3d\u5728hostol.com<\/p>\n<p>\u563f&#xff0c;\u5404\u4f4dLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u201c\u8001\u53f8\u673a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8d5b\u8f66\u624b\u201d\u4eec&#xff01;\u54b1\u4eec\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6bd4\u4f5c\u4e00\u8f86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8dd1\u8f66&#xff0c;\u65e5\u5e38\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5f88\u5feb&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u8f86\u201c\u8dd1\u8f66\u201d\u51fa\u5382\u65f6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u8def\u51b5\u201d\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8c03\u6821&#xff1f;\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8ba9\u5b83\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u8d5b\u9053\u201d&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1Web\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6216\u8005IO\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#xff09;\u4e0a\u8dd1\u51fa\u6781\u81f4\u6027\u80fd&#xff0c;\u90a3\u54b1\u4eec\u5c31\u5f97\u50cf\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u5e08\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u6253\u5f00\u201c\u5f15\u64ce\u76d6\u201d&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\u4e86&#xff01;\u5728Linux\u4e16\u754c\u91cc&#xff0c;sysctl\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5f80\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201cECU\u201d&#xff08;\u7535\u5b50\u63a7\u5236\u5355\u5143&#xff09;\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u94a5\u5319\u3002\u4eca\u5929&#xff0c;Hostol\u5c31\u5e26\u4f60\u4e00\u8d77&#xff0c;\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790sysctl\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u8c03\u6821\u795e\u5668\u201d&#xff0c;\u770b\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4f18\u5316\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u3001I\/O\u6027\u80fd\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u771f\u6b63\u201c\u706b\u529b\u5168\u5f00\u201d&#xff01;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>sysctl\u662f\u4e2a\u5565&#xff1f;\u2014\u2014 \u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u201c\u9065\u63a7\u5668\u201d<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;sysctl\u662fLinux&#xff08;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7bUnix\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff09;\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u6808\u3001\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49&#xff09;\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e3a\u5565\u8981\u52a8\u5b83\u4eec\u5462&#xff1f;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u6838\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u201c \u09ae\u09cb\u099f\u09be\u09ae\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u8fc7\u5f97\u53bb\u201d&#xff08;\u8868\u73b0\u5c1a\u53ef&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u901a\u7528\u8bbe\u7f6e\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u4e86\u3002\u901a\u8fc7sysctl&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u7ed9\u8d5b\u8f66\u8c03\u6821\u60ac\u6302\u3001\u5f15\u64ce\u70b9\u706b\u63d0\u524d\u89d2\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u201c\u5b9a\u5236\u201d\u5185\u6838\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u63d0\u793a&#xff1a; \u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18\u662f\u4e2a\u201c\u6280\u672f\u6d3b\u201d&#xff0c;\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u95e8\u201c\u827a\u672f\u201d\u3002\u6539\u5bf9\u4e86&#xff0c;\u6027\u80fd\u98de\u5347&#xff1b;\u6539\u9519\u4e86&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u5f97\u5176\u53cd&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff0c;\u5728\u52a8\u624b\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u52a1\u5fc5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5145\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u4f60\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u5f71\u54cd&#xff01;<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff01;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u4fee\u6539\u5c11\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u89c2\u5bdf\u6548\u679c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u201c\u4e00\u987f\u64cd\u4f5c\u731b\u5982\u864e\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u505a\u597d\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u56de\u6eda\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u597d\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u5e26\u7cfb\u597d&#xff0c;\u54b1\u4eec\u53d1\u8f66&#xff01;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>sysctl\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u63a2\u79d8\u5185\u6838\u7684\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u9762\u677f\u201d<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528sysctl\u5c31\u50cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u201c\u9065\u63a7\u5668\u201d&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u73a9\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u5355\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c&#xff1a; sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward \u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u542f\u4e86IP\u8f6c\u53d1\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u8bfb\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a; sudo sysctl -a \u8fd9\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u6838\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u503c&#xff0c;\u8f93\u51fa\u91cf\u5de8\u5927&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u914d\u5408grep\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1a; sudo sysctl -a | grep tcp_congestion_control<\/li>\n<li>\u4e34\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c&#xff08;\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u5931\u6548&#xff09;&#xff1a; sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies&#061;1 \u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u628aTCP SYN Cookies\u529f\u80fd\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u3002-w\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u5199\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6c38\u4e45\u4fee\u6539\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c&#xff08;\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u751f\u6548&#xff09;&#xff1a; \u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u4f18\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u671f\u671b\u7684\u503c\u5199\u5165\u5230\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u4e3b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\/etc\/sysctl.conf&#xff0c;\u4f46\u66f4\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\/etc\/sysctl.d\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684.conf\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\/etc\/sysctl.d\/99-custom-tuning.conf&#xff0c;\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927&#xff0c;\u52a0\u8f7d\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8d8a\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e&#xff09;\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u5728\/etc\/sysctl.d\/99-custom-tuning.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5199\u5165&#xff1a; net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies &#061; 1 vm.swappiness &#061; 10 \u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u540e&#xff0c;\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u4e00\u4f7f\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548&#xff1a; sudo sysctl -p \/etc\/sysctl.d\/99-custom-tuning.conf # \u52a0\u8f7d\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6 # \u6216\u8005&#xff0c;\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a; sudo sysctl &#8211;system<\/li>\n<p>\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u547d\u540d\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u70b9\u5206\u683c\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684net\u4ee3\u8868\u7f51\u7edc\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;ipv4\u4ee3\u8868IPv4\u534f\u8bae\u6808&#xff0c;tcp\u4ee3\u8868TCP\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;fin_timeout\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd8\u633a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5427&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18&#xff1a;\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u201c\u8dd1\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u66f4\u7a33\u201d<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edcI\/O\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u6240\u5728&#xff0c;\u5c24\u5176\u662fWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001API\u7f51\u5173\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7sysctl\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u8fde\u63a5\u961f\u5217\u4e0e\u79ef\u538b\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\u5e94\u5bf9\u201c\u5ba2\u6d41\u9ad8\u5cf0\u201d<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>net.core.somaxconn (\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u901a\u5e38128\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u53ef\u8c03\u81f31024, 4096\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u9ad8): \u60f3\u8c61\u4f60\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u4e2a\u70ed\u95e8\u9910\u5385&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u9910\u5385\u95e8\u53e3\u5141\u8bb8\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u4f4d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4eba\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u5927\u91cf\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff08;SYN\u5305&#xff09;\u540c\u65f6\u6d8c\u5165&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57&#xff08;Listening Socket&#xff09;\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u534a\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u201d&#xff08;SYN_RECV\u72b6\u6001&#xff09;\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\u91cc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\u592a\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u5927\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u52304096\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9762\u5982Nginx\u7684backlog\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u8981\u76f8\u5e94\u8c03\u6574&#xff09;\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u63a5\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u540e\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u542f\u76f8\u5173\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>net.core.netdev_max_backlog (\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u901a\u5e381000&#xff0c;\u53ef\u8c03\u81f3\u6570\u5343\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u9ad8): \u5f53\u7f51\u5361\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5904\u7406\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f1a\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u79ef\u538b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u6ee1\u4e86&#xff0c;\u65b0\u6765\u7684\u5305\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03&#xff08;\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u7684rx_dropped\u8ba1\u6570\u589e\u52a0&#xff09;\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf&#xff08;\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u5c0f\u5305&#xff09;\u573a\u666f\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u4e22\u5305&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u5927\u6b64\u503c&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u59822000\u62164000\u3002<\/li>\n<li>net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog (\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0esomaxconn\u76f8\u5173\u6216\u7a0d\u5927): \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e0enet.core.somaxconn\u7c7b\u4f3c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u66f4\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8eTCP\u7684SYN\u534a\u8fde\u63a5\u961f\u5217\u3002\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5185\u6838\u4e3a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5&#xff08;SYN_RECV\u72b6\u6001&#xff09;\u6240\u80fd\u6392\u961f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u540c\u6837&#xff0c;\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u6216\u906d\u9047SYN Flood\u653b\u51fb\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8c03\u5927\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u62b5\u5fa1\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies &#061; 1 (\u9ed8\u8ba4\u901a\u5e38\u5df2\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u4e3a1): \u5f00\u542fTCP SYN Cookies\u662f\u62b5\u5fa1SYN Flood\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u6709\u6548\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5f53SYN\u961f\u5217\u6ea2\u51fa\u65f6&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2aSYN\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8017\u5c3d&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684Cookie\u6765\u54cd\u5e94SYN-ACK&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6536\u5230\u5408\u6cd5\u7684ACK\u65f6\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u4eba\u5c71\u4eba\u6d77\u7684\u6f14\u5531\u4f1a\u5165\u53e3&#xff0c;\u68c0\u7968\u5458\u4e0d\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u5360\u5ea7\u5c0f\u677f\u51f3&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u53d1\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u624b\u73af&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6709\u51ed\u624b\u73af\u56de\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u573a&#xff0c;\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86\u5165\u53e3\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u56de\u6536&#xff1a;\u53ca\u65f6\u201c\u6253\u626b\u6218\u573a\u201d<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout (\u9ed8\u8ba460\u79d2&#xff0c;\u53ef\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u4f4e\u598230\u79d2): \u5f53TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u65b9&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff09;\u53d1\u9001\u4e86FIN\u5305\u540e&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165FIN-WAIT-2\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684FIN\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u4fdd\u6301\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6700\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7e41\u5fd9Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u5f88\u591a\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4f46\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd8\u5728\u50bb\u50bb\u5730\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9bFIN-WAIT-2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4fdd\u7559\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u4f4e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u523030\u79d2&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u56de\u6536\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u8c03\u592a\u4f4e\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6162\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u5f02\u5e38\u65ad\u5f00\u3002<\/li>\n<li>net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse &#061; 1 (\u9ed8\u8ba40&#xff0c;\u5efa\u8bae\u5f00\u542f\u4e3a1): \u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u5904\u4e8eTIME-WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u91cd\u65b0\u7528\u4e8e\u65b0\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5&#xff08;\u4ec5\u9650\u51fa\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5&#xff09;\u3002TIME-WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u662fTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u6b63\u5e38\u5173\u95ed\u540e&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f852*MSL&#xff08;Maximum Segment Lifetime&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u662f1-4\u5206\u949f&#xff09;\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u6587\u90fd\u5df2\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\u573a\u666f\u4e0b&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9891\u7e41\u8bf7\u6c42\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cfTIME-WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u8017\u5c3d\u53ef\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u5f00\u542f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7f13\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<li>net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle &#061; 1 (\u9ed8\u8ba40&#xff0c;\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u5f00\u542f&#xff01;\u5c24\u5176\u5728NAT\u73af\u5883\u4e0b): \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u66fe\u7ecf\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u6536TIME-WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eTCP\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u9009\u9879&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u5728NAT&#xff08;\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362&#xff09;\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898&#xff08;\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00NAT\u7f51\u5173\u540e\u4e0d\u540c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6821\u9a8c\u5931\u8d25\u800c\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u62d2\u7edd&#xff09;\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3Linux\u5185\u6838\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u901a\u5e38\u5df2\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7981\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5b83&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4e3a0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range (\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;10240 65535): \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u51fa\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4e34\u65f6&#xff08;\u6e90&#xff09;\u7aef\u53e3\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u8d77\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u722c\u866b\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u8303\u56f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u591f\u7528&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u5927\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4e0b\u9650\u548c\u4e0a\u9650&#xff08;\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4e0e\u77e5\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. TCP\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u7f13\u51b2&#xff1a;\u63d0\u5347\u201c\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u201d\u7684\u901a\u884c\u80fd\u529b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control (\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;cubic, bbr): TCP\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u9047\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u6574\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\u3002Linux\u5185\u6838\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002cubic\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u8868\u73b0\u5747\u8861\u3002\u800cGoogle\u5f00\u53d1\u7684bbr (Bottleneck Bandwidth and RTT) \u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b&#xff08;\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e22\u5305\u7387\u6216\u8005\u94fe\u8def\u65f6\u5ef6\u8f83\u5927\u65f6&#xff09;\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528bbr&#xff0c;\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u8f83\u65b0&#xff08;4.9&#043;&#xff09;\u5e76\u4e14\u5df2\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e86BBR\u6a21\u5757\u3002 \u67e5\u770b\u53ef\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1a;sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_available_congestion_control \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aBBR (\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u7528)&#xff1a;sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control&#061;bbr&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5199\u5165\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u5176\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n<li>TCP\u53d1\u9001\/\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>net.core.rmem_default, net.core.wmem_default (\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bfb\/\u5199\u7f13\u51b2\u533a)<\/li>\n<li>net.core.rmem_max, net.core.wmem_max (\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u5927\u8bfb\/\u5199\u7f13\u51b2\u533a)<\/li>\n<li>net.ipv4.tcp_rmem &#061; 4096 87380 6291456 (TCP\u8bfb\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff1a;\u6700\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u3001\u6700\u5927\u503c&#xff0c;\u5b57\u8282)<\/li>\n<li>net.ipv4.tcp_wmem &#061; 4096 16384 4194304 (TCP\u5199\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff1a;\u540c\u4e0a)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> TCP\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cdTCP\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5728\u9ad8\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf&#xff08;\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u957f\u80a5\u7f51\u7edc\u201d&#xff0c;Long Fat Network, LFN&#xff09;\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u8f6c\u4ed3\u5e93\u201d&#xff0c;\u4ed3\u5e93\u8d8a\u5927&#xff0c;\u4e00\u6b21\u80fd\u201c\u56e4\u201d\u548c\u201c\u53d1\u201d\u7684\u8d27\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a&#xff0c;\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u5904\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\u6216\u8005\u8def\u9014\u9065\u8fdc&#xff08;\u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf&#xff09;\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5927\u4ed3\u5e93\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u201c\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u201d\u4e0d\u65ad\u88c2\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u597d&#xff0c;\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017\u66f4\u591a\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883&#xff08;\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5e26\u5bbd\u548cRTT\u65f6\u5ef6&#xff09;\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u5b58\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u901a\u5e38&#xff0c;\u73b0\u4ee3\u5185\u6838\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u8282\u673a\u5236\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u9519\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4f46\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u624b\u52a8\u4f18\u5316\u4ecd\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>I\/O\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18&#xff1a;\u8ba9\u78c1\u76d8\u201c\u4e0d\u518d\u62d6\u540e\u817f\u201d<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u6027\u80fd\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7b49\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u3002sysctl\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406&#xff08;VM&#xff09;\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u95f4\u63a5\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cdI\/O\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vm.swappiness (0-100&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba460&#xff0c;\u5efa\u8bae\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u8c03\u4f4e\u81f31\u621610): \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u5185\u6838\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u4ea4\u6362\u5230\u78c1\u76d8Swap\u5206\u533a\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u5185\u6838\u8d8a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528Swap&#xff1b;\u503c\u8d8a\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u5219\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u51cf\u5c11Swap\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u5ef6\u8fdf\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5e94\u7528&#xff0c;\u9891\u7e41\u7684Swap\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u6740\u624b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06vm.swappiness\u8c03\u5f97\u5f88\u4f4e&#xff08;\u6bd4\u59821\u621610&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u5185\u6838\u201c\u4e0d\u5230\u4e07\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2&#xff0c;\u7edd\u4e0d\u78b0Swap\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u4f60\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u8db3\u591f\u5927&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u89e6\u53d1OOM Killer&#xff08;Out Of Memory Killer&#xff09;\u6765\u6740\u6389\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>vm.dirty_background_ratio (\u767e\u5206\u6bd4&#xff0c;\u59825\u621610) \u548c vm.dirty_ratio (\u767e\u5206\u6bd4&#xff0c;\u598210\u621620): \u5f53\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5185\u6838\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5148\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u5b58&#xff08;\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u810f\u9875\u201d&#xff0c;dirty pages&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7531\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff08;pdflush\/kupdated\/writeback&#xff09;\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u5f02\u6b65\u5237\u5199\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u810f\u9875\u5728\u603b\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6240\u5360\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9608\u503c&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>vm.dirty_background_ratio&#xff1a;\u5f53\u810f\u9875\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u5f02\u6b65\u5237\u5199\u3002<\/li>\n<li>vm.dirty_ratio&#xff1a;\u5f53\u810f\u9875\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u65b0\u7684\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u88ab\u963b\u585e&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u810f\u9875\u88ab\u5237\u5199\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u4e3a\u6b62&#xff08;\u540c\u6b65\u5237\u5199&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7a81\u53d1\u5199\u5165\u7684\u573a\u666f&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u5927&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u77ac\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u810f\u9875&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a81\u7136\u5f00\u59cb\u75af\u72c2\u5237\u76d8&#xff0c;\u9020\u6210I\/O\u98ce\u66b4\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5361\u987f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5237\u76d8\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5199\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u8861\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5927\u5185\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u91cf&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684vm.dirty_background_bytes\u548cvm.dirty_bytes\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7edd\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>vm.vfs_cache_pressure (\u9ed8\u8ba4100&#xff0c;\u53ef\u589e\u53ef\u51cf): \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u5185\u6838\u56de\u6536\u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u76ee\u5f55\u9879&#xff08;dentry&#xff09;\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9&#xff08;inode&#xff09;\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u5185\u6838\u8d8a\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u56de\u6536\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7f13\u5b58&#xff1b;\u503c\u8d8a\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u5219\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4fdd\u7559\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u7559\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u9002\u5f53\u964d\u4f4e\u6b64\u503c&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u523050&#xff09;\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u5185\u5b58\u7d27\u5f20&#xff0c;\u4e14\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u662f\u74f6\u9888&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u9ad8&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u5230200&#xff09;\u8ba9\u5185\u6838\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u91ca\u653e\u5b83\u4eec\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/li>\n<li>I\/O\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668 (I\/O Scheduler): \u867d\u7136I\/O\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7sysctl\u5168\u5c40\u8bbe\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u5c42\u9762&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\/sys\/block\/sda\/queue\/scheduler&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3I\/O\u6027\u80fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002Linux\u5185\u6838\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cdI\/O\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668&#xff08;\u5982\u8001\u65e7\u7684cfq\u3001deadline\u3001noop&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u4ee3SSD\u4e0a\u5e38\u7528\u7684none(\u7b49\u540c\u4e8enoop)\u3001mq-deadline\u3001kyber\u3001bfq\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28&#xff08;HDD vs SSD\/NVMe&#xff09;\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u901fSSD\/NVMe&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528none\u6216mq-deadline&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3aSSD\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b&#xff0c;\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5408\u9002\u7684I\/O\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668&#xff0c;\u662fI\/O\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u8c03\u4f18\u201c\u5fc3\u6cd5\u201d&#xff1a;\u4e09\u601d\u800c\u540e\u884c&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u8bf4\u8bdd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18&#xff0c;\u5207\u5fcc\u76f2\u76ee\u7167\u642c\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u201d&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5f7c\u4e4b\u871c\u7cd6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u4e4b\u7812\u971c\u201d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6bcf\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7279\u6027\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<li>\u7406\u89e3\u4f60\u7684\u74f6\u9888&#xff1a; \u5728\u52a8\u624b\u8c03\u4f18\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177&#xff08;\u5982top, vmstat, iostat, sar, perf, \u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7APM\u7b49&#xff09;\u627e\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u74f6\u9888\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3002\u662fCPU&#xff1f;\u662f\u5185\u5b58&#xff1f;\u662f\u7f51\u7edc&#xff1f;\u8fd8\u662f\u78c1\u76d8I\/O&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>\u660e\u786e\u8c03\u4f18\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a; 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