{"id":41604,"date":"2025-06-03T23:27:42","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T15:27:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/41604.html"},"modified":"2025-06-03T23:27:42","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T15:27:42","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%9b%be%e5%83%8f%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e3%80%912-python%e4%b8%adopencv%e4%b8%8ematplotlib%e7%9a%84%e5%9b%be%e5%83%8f%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/41604.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5165\u95e8\u30112. Python\u4e2dOpenCV\u4e0eMatplotlib\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907<\/h3>\n

import<\/span> cv2
\nimport<\/span> numpy as<\/span> np
\nimport<\/span> matplotlib.<\/span>pyplot as<\/span> plt<\/p>\n

# \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u4f53\u663e\u793a（\u53ef\u9009）<\/span>
\nplt.<\/span>rcParams[<\/span>'font.sans-serif'<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>'SimHei'<\/span>]<\/span>
\nplt.<\/span>rcParams[<\/span>'axes.unicode_minus'<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> False<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n

1. \u56fe\u50cf\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u4fdd\u5b58<\/h4>\n

\u4f7f\u7528OpenCV\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h5>\n

# \u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf（\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f）<\/span>
\nimg =<\/span> cv2.<\/span>imread(<\/span>'example.jpg'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>f"\u56fe\u50cf\u5c3a\u5bf8: <\/span>{<\/span>img.<\/span>shape}<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span>)<\/span> # \u8f93\u51fa：(\u9ad8\u5ea6, \u5bbd\u5ea6, \u901a\u9053\u6570)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf<\/span>
\ncv2.<\/span>imshow(<\/span>'OpenCV Window'<\/span>,<\/span> img)<\/span>
\ncv2.<\/span>waitKey(<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span> # \u7b49\u5f85\u6309\u952e<\/span>
\ncv2.<\/span>destroyAllWindows(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u50cf<\/span>
\ncv2.<\/span>imwrite(<\/span>'output.jpg'<\/span>,<\/span> img)<\/span> # \u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aJPG\u683c\u5f0f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Matplotlib\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h5>\n

# \u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf<\/span>
\nplt.<\/span>figure(<\/span>figsize=<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\nimg_plt =<\/span> plt.<\/span>imread(<\/span>'example.png'<\/span>)<\/span> # \u81ea\u52a8\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u5230[0,1]<\/span>
\nplt.<\/span>subplot(<\/span>121<\/span>)<\/span>
\nplt.<\/span>imshow(<\/span>img_plt)<\/span>
\nplt.<\/span>title(<\/span>'Matplotlib\u663e\u793a'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

# OpenCV\u4e0eMatplotlib\u989c\u8272\u7a7a\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02<\/span>
\nimg_rgb =<\/span> cv2.<\/span>cvtColor(<\/span>img,<\/span> cv2.<\/span>COLOR_BGR2RGB)<\/span> # BGR\u8f6cRGB<\/span>
\nplt.<\/span>subplot(<\/span>122<\/span>)<\/span>
\nplt.<\/span>imshow(<\/span>img_rgb)<\/span>
\nplt.<\/span>title(<\/span>'OpenCV\u8f6cRGB\u663e\u793a'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nplt.<\/span>show(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879：<\/p>\n

  • OpenCV\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f[0,255]，Matplotlib\u81ea\u52a8\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u5230[0,1]<\/li>\n
  • \u8def\u5f84\u542b\u4e2d\u6587\u65f6\u9700\u4f7f\u7528cv2.imdecode\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n
  • \u4fdd\u5b58\u8d28\u91cf\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236（\u5982cv2.imwrite('out.jpg', img, [int(cv2.IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY), 90])）<\/li>\n

    2. \u50cf\u7d20\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n

    \u5355\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0e\u4fee\u6539<\/h5>\n

    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u50cf\u7d20\u503c<\/span>
    \npx =<\/span> img[<\/span>100<\/span>,<\/span> 50<\/span>]<\/span> # \u83b7\u53d6\u5750\u6807(50,100)\u5904\u50cf\u7d20\u503c<\/span>
    \nprint<\/span>(<\/span>f"Blue=<\/span>{<\/span>px[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>, Green=<\/span>{<\/span>px[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>, Red=<\/span>{<\/span>px[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    # \u4fee\u6539\u50cf\u7d20\u503c<\/span>
    \nimg[<\/span>100<\/span>,<\/span> 50<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> 255<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>]<\/span> # \u5c06\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6539\u4e3a\u7eff\u8272<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u533a\u57df\u50cf\u7d20\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h5>\n

    # \u63d0\u53d6ROI\u533a\u57df（\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u533a\u57df）<\/span>
    \nroi =<\/span> img[<\/span>50<\/span>:<\/span>150<\/span>,<\/span> 100<\/span>:<\/span>200<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

    # \u6279\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u50cf\u7d20\u503c<\/span>
    \nimg[<\/span>200<\/span>:<\/span>300<\/span>,<\/span> 300<\/span>:<\/span>400<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 255<\/span>]<\/span> # \u586b\u5145\u7ea2\u8272\u77e9\u5f62<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u50cf\u7d20\u503c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790<\/h5>\n

    print<\/span>(<\/span>f"\u6700\u5927\u50cf\u7d20\u503c: <\/span>{<\/span>img.<\/span>max<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>
    \nprint<\/span>(<\/span>f"\u6700\u5c0f\u50cf\u7d20\u503c: <\/span>{<\/span>img.<\/span>min<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>
    \nprint<\/span>(<\/span>f"\u5e73\u5747\u50cf\u7d20\u503c: <\/span>{<\/span>img.<\/span>mean(<\/span>)<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. \u901a\u9053\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n

    \u901a\u9053\u5206\u79bb\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76<\/h5>\n

    # \u5206\u79bb\u901a\u9053（OpenCV\u65b9\u5f0f）<\/span>
    \nb,<\/span> g,<\/span> r =<\/span> cv2.<\/span>split(<\/span>img)<\/span>
    \ncv2.<\/span>imshow(<\/span>'Blue Channel'<\/span>,<\/span> b)<\/span><\/p>\n

    # \u5408\u5e76\u901a\u9053<\/span>
    \nmerged =<\/span> cv2.<\/span>merge(<\/span>[<\/span>b,<\/span> g,<\/span> r]<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    # \u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7279\u5b9a\u901a\u9053（Numpy\u65b9\u5f0f）<\/span>
    \nimg_copy =<\/span> img.<\/span>copy(<\/span>)<\/span>
    \nimg_copy[<\/span>:<\/span>,<\/span> :<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span> # \u6e05\u7a7a\u84dd\u8272\u901a\u9053<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u591a\u5149\u8c31\u5206\u6790\u793a\u4f8b<\/h5>\n

    # \u663e\u793a\u5404\u901a\u9053\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe<\/span>
    \nplt.<\/span>figure(<\/span>figsize=<\/span>(<\/span>12<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
    \nfor<\/span> i,<\/span> ch in<\/span> enumerate<\/span>(<\/span>[<\/span>'Blue'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Green'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Red'<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>subplot(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span>i+<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>imshow(<\/span>cv2.<\/span>split(<\/span>img)<\/span>[<\/span>i]<\/span>,<\/span> cmap=<\/span>'gray'<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>title(<\/span>f'<\/span>{<\/span>ch}<\/span><\/span>\u901a\u9053'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>axis(<\/span>'off'<\/span>)<\/span>
    \nplt.<\/span>show(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b<\/h3>\n

    def<\/span> image_processing_pipeline<\/span>(<\/span>path)<\/span>:<\/span>
    \n # 1. \u56fe\u50cf\u8bfb\u53d6<\/span>
    \n src =<\/span> cv2.<\/span>imread(<\/span>path)<\/span>
    \n if<\/span> src is<\/span> None<\/span>:<\/span>
    \n print<\/span>(<\/span>"\u9519\u8bef：\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf！"<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n return<\/span><\/p>\n

    # 2. \u901a\u9053\u5206\u6790<\/span>
    \n b,<\/span> g,<\/span> r =<\/span> cv2.<\/span>split(<\/span>src)<\/span><\/p>\n

    # 3. \u521b\u5efa\u7279\u6b8a\u6548\u679c<\/span>
    \n special_effect =<\/span> src.<\/span>copy(<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n special_effect[<\/span>:<\/span>,<\/span> :<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> cv2.<\/span>add(<\/span>special_effect[<\/span>:<\/span>,<\/span> :<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> 50<\/span>)<\/span> # \u589e\u5f3a\u7eff\u8272\u901a\u9053<\/span><\/p>\n

    # 4. \u7ed3\u679c\u5c55\u793a<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>figure(<\/span>figsize=<\/span>(<\/span>15<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>subplot(<\/span>141<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>imshow(<\/span>cv2.<\/span>cvtColor(<\/span>src,<\/span> cv2.<\/span>COLOR_BGR2RGB)<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>title(<\/span>'\u539f\u56fe'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    plt.<\/span>subplot(<\/span>142<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>imshow(<\/span>r,<\/span> cmap=<\/span>'gray'<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>title(<\/span>'\u7ea2\u8272\u901a\u9053'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    plt.<\/span>subplot(<\/span>143<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>imshow(<\/span>special_effect[<\/span>:<\/span>,<\/span> :<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>title(<\/span>'\u589e\u5f3a\u7eff\u8272\u901a\u9053'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    plt.<\/span>subplot(<\/span>144<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>imshow(<\/span>b,<\/span> cmap=<\/span>'viridis'<\/span>)<\/span> # \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u8272\u56fe<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>title(<\/span>'\u84dd\u8272\u901a\u9053（Viridis\u8272\u56fe）'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    plt.<\/span>tight_layout(<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n plt.<\/span>show(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    # \u6267\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b<\/span>
    \nimage_processing_pipeline(<\/span>'test_image.jpg'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u56db\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7<\/h3>\n
  • \u5411\u91cf\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u66ff\u4ee3\u5faa\u73af：<\/li>\n

    # \u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u5f0f（Numpy\u5411\u91cf\u5316）<\/span>
    \nstart_time =<\/span> cv2.<\/span>getTickCount(<\/span>)<\/span>
    \nbrighter =<\/span> cv2.<\/span>add(<\/span>img,<\/span> np.<\/span>array(<\/span>[<\/span>30<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
    \nprint<\/span>(<\/span>f"\u8017\u65f6：<\/span>{<\/span>(<\/span>cv2.<\/span>getTickCount(<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span> start_time)<\/span>\/<\/span>cv2.<\/span>getTickFrequency(<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>.4f<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>s"<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    # \u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u5f0f（\u53cc\u91cd\u5faa\u73af）<\/span>
    \nstart_time =<\/span> cv2.<\/span>getTickCount(<\/span>)<\/span>
    \nfor<\/span> y in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>img.<\/span>shape[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
    \n for<\/span> x in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>img.<\/span>shape[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
    \n img[<\/span>y,<\/span>x]<\/span> =<\/span> np.<\/span>clip(<\/span>img[<\/span>y,<\/span>x]<\/span> +<\/span> 30<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 255<\/span>)<\/span>
    \nprint<\/span>(<\/span>f"\u8017\u65f6：<\/span>{<\/span>(<\/span>cv2.<\/span>getTickCount(<\/span>)<\/span> –<\/span> start_time)<\/span>\/<\/span>cv2.<\/span>getTickFrequency(<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>.4f<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>s"<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

  • \u5185\u5b58\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u4f18\u5316：<\/li>\n

    # \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40<\/span>
    \nif<\/span> not<\/span> img.<\/span>flags.<\/span>c_contiguous:<\/span>
    \n img =<\/span> np.<\/span>ascontiguousarray(<\/span>img)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e94\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n
  • \n

    \u56fe\u50cf\u65e0\u6cd5\u663e\u793a：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u4e2d\u6587\/\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n
    • \u786e\u8ba4\u56fe\u50cf\u5c3a\u5bf8\u662f\u5426\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u5206\u8fa8\u7387<\/li>\n
    • \u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528cv2.resizeWindow()\u8c03\u6574\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n

      \u989c\u8272\u663e\u793a\u5f02\u5e38：<\/p>\n

      # \u7edf\u4e00\u989c\u8272\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362<\/span>
      \ndef<\/span> show_image\u7edf\u4e00(<\/span>img_bgr,<\/span> title=<\/span>'Image'<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
      \n plt.<\/span>imshow(<\/span>cv2.<\/span>cvtColor(<\/span>img_bgr,<\/span> cv2.<\/span>COLOR_BGR2RGB)<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n plt.<\/span>title(<\/span>title)<\/span>
      \n plt.<\/span>axis(<\/span>'off'<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n plt.<\/span>show(<\/span>)<\/span>\n <\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u5927\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406：<\/p>\n

      # \u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u4e0b\u91c7\u6837<\/span>
      \npyramid =<\/span> cv2.<\/span>pyrDown(<\/span>img)<\/span>
      \nprint<\/span>(<\/span>f"\u4e0b\u91c7\u6837\u540e\u5c3a\u5bf8：<\/span>{<\/span>pyramid.<\/span>shape}<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>\n <\/li>\n

      \u516d\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5411<\/h3>\n
    • \n

      \u8fdb\u9636\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u4f7f\u7528cv2.LUT()\u5b9e\u73b0\u8272\u5f69\u67e5\u627e\u8868\u53d8\u6362<\/li>\n
      • \u63a9\u819c\u64cd\u4f5c（mask）\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u57df\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n
      • \u5229\u7528Numpy\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u7d22\u5f15\u8fdb\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n

        \u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u4f7f\u7528OpenCV\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u66ff\u4ee3Python\u5faa\u73af<\/li>\n
        • \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u56fe\u50cf\u5757<\/li>\n
        • CUDA\u52a0\u901f（\u9700\u5b89\u88c5opencv-contrib-python\u5305）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n

          \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u56fe\u50cf\u589e\u5f3a：\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u5747\u8861\u5316\u3001CLAHE\u7b97\u6cd5<\/li>\n
          • \u989c\u8272\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362：HSV\/YUV\u7b49<\/li>\n
          • \u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u64cd\u4f5c：\u8150\u8680\u3001\u81a8\u80c0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

            \u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c，\u60a8\u5c06\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5b66\u4e60\u6253\u4e0b\u575a\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee（\u5982\u8bc1\u4ef6\u7167\u80cc\u666f\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u7279\u6548\u5236\u4f5c）\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

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