{"id":41504,"date":"2025-06-03T08:45:54","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T00:45:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/41504.html"},"modified":"2025-06-03T08:45:54","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T00:45:54","slug":"linux%e7%9a%84%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/41504.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236"},"content":{"rendered":"<p id=\"main-toc\">\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p id=\"-toc\" style=\"margin-left:40px\">\n<p id=\"1%E3%80%81%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA-toc\" style=\"margin-left:40px\">1\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n<p id=\"1.1%20fork-toc\" style=\"margin-left:80px\">1.1 fork<\/p>\n<p id=\"1.2%20fork%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95-toc\" style=\"margin-left:80px\">1.2 fork\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p id=\"1.3%20fork%E5%A4%B1%E8%B4%A5%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0-toc\" style=\"margin-left:80px\">1.3 fork\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/p>\n<p id=\"2%E3%80%81%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA-toc\" style=\"margin-left:40px\">2\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n<p id=\"2.1%20%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5-toc\" style=\"margin-left:80px\">2.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p id=\"2.2%20%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF-toc\" style=\"margin-left:80px\">2.2 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<p id=\"2.3%20%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E7%A0%81-toc\" style=\"margin-left:80px\">2.3 \u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/p>\n<p id=\"2.4%C2%A0%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F-toc\" style=\"margin-left:80px\">2.4\u00a0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e38\u89c1\u9000\u51fa\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p id=\"3%E3%80%81%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%AD%89%E5%BE%85-toc\" style=\"margin-left:40px\">3\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85<\/p>\n<p id=\"3.1%20%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%AD%89%E5%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E6%80%A7-toc\" style=\"margin-left:80px\">3.1 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/p>\n<p id=\"3.2%20%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%AD%89%E5%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F-toc\" style=\"margin-left:80px\">3.2 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p id=\"3.2.1%20wait-toc\" style=\"margin-left:120px\">3.2.1 wait<\/p>\n<p id=\"3.2.2%20waitpid(%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8)-toc\" style=\"margin-left:120px\">3.2.2 waitpid(\u5e38\u7528)<\/p>\n<p id=\"4%E3%80%81%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2-toc\" style=\"margin-left:40px\">4\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362<\/p>\n<p id=\"4.1%20%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86-toc\" style=\"margin-left:80px\">4.1 \u66ff\u6362\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n<p id=\"4.2%20%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0-toc\" style=\"margin-left:80px\">4.2 \u66ff\u6362\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<hr id=\"hr-toc\" \/>\n<h3 id=\"1%E3%80%81%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA\">1\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1.1%20fork\">1.1 fork<\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7fork(\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528)&#xff0c;\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;sys\/types.h&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;<br \/>\nint main()<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n    int ret &#061; fork();<br \/>\n    printf(&#034;hello proc : %d!, ret: %d\\\\n&#034;, getpid(), ret);<br \/>\n    sleep(1);<br \/>\n    return 0;<br \/>\n} <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">PID<\/span>&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">0<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7236:\u5b50 &#061; 1:N&#xff0c;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u800c\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7PPID\u627e\u5230\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">if<\/span>&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">-1<\/span>\u3002<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color:#ad720d\">fork() <\/span>\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e&#xff0c;\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ece<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">\u00a0fork() <\/span>\u8fd4\u56de\u5904\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002<span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884cfork()\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u5f53\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d(\u51cf\u5c11\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39)&#xff0c;\u91cd\u65b0\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"1.2%20fork%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\">1.2 fork\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<li>\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e&#xff0c;\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5404\u81ea\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7 exec\u00a0\u7cfb\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u5168\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<h4 id=\"1.3%20fork%E5%A4%B1%E8%B4%A5%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0\">1.3 fork\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/h4>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u603b\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7\u914d\u989d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h3 id=\"2%E3%80%81%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA\">2\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"2.1%20%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5\">2.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u91ca\u653e\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u91ca\u653ePCB\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"2.2%20%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF\">2.2 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62(\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4fe1\u53f7)\u3002<\/li>\n<h4 id=\"2.3%20%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E7%A0%81\">2.3 \u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/h4>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u65e0\u610f\u4e49(\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u6ca1\u6267\u884c\u5b8c)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff0c;<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">0<\/span>\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u786e&#xff0c;<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">\u975e0<\/span>\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e(\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u503c&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u56e0)\u3002<\/li>\n<p><span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color:#ad720d\">$?<\/span>&#xff0c;\u663e\u793a\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color:#ad720d\">errno<\/span>&#xff0c;\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6216\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6&#xff0c;<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">errno<\/span>\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u3002\u9700\u5305\u542b&lt;errno.h&gt;\u3002<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color:#ad720d\">strerror()<\/span>&#xff0c;\u6839\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u7801&#xff0c;\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"2.4%C2%A0%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F\">2.4\u00a0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e38\u89c1\u9000\u51fa\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<li><span style=\"color:#ad720d\">main\u51fd\u6570<\/span>\u7684<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">return<\/span> \u9000\u51fa\u7801&#xff0c;(\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u7684return&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8868\u793a\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5b8c\u6210)&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color:#ad720d\">_exit(<\/span>\u9000\u51fa\u7801<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">)<\/span>&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color:#ad720d\">exit(<\/span><span style=\"color:null\">\u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/span><span style=\"color:#ad720d\">)<\/span>&#xff0c;C\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u51fd\u6570(\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86exit())&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5237\u65b0I\/O\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<h3 id=\"3%E3%80%81%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%AD%89%E5%BE%85\">3\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"3.1%20%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%AD%89%E5%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E6%80%A7\">3.1 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/h4>\n<p>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u524d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f(\u5373\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0bPCB\u5bf9\u8c61\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5176\u6307\u5411\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u88ab\u91ca\u653e&#xff0c;\u53ef\u9009)&#xff0c;\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684PCB\u5bf9\u8c61(\u5fc5\u8981)&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709&#034;\u56de\u6536&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a&#034;\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b&#034;&#xff0c;\u5176PCB\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u9020\u6210<span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f&#034;\u56de\u6536&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"3.2%20%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%AD%89%E5%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F\">3.2 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<h5 id=\"3.2.1%20wait\" style=\"background-color:transparent\">3.2.1 wait<\/h5>\n<p>\/\/ stat_loc \u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001<br \/>\npid_t wait(int *stat_loc); <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85 \u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u82e5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">pid<\/span>&#xff0c;\u82e5\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">-1<\/span>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 id=\"3.2.2%20waitpid(%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8)\">3.2.2 waitpid(\u5e38\u7528)<\/h5>\n<p>\/\/ pid&#xff0c;\u6307\u5b9a\u7b49\u5f85\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;stat_loc&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;options,\u529f\u80fd<br \/>\npid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *stat_loc, int options); <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color:#ad720d\">pid<\/span>&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">pid<\/span>\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u82e5\u4e3a<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">-1<\/span>&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color:#ad720d\">stat_loc<\/span>&#xff0c;\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;32\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u9ad816\u4f4d\u4e0d\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"155\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/20250603004552-683e45c0dc1b0.png\" width=\"932\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u6b21\u7b2c\u516b\u4f4d\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7801&#xff0c;\u4f4e\u516b\u4f4d\u4e3a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62(\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4fe1\u53f7)&#xff0c;\u6b21\u7b2c\u516b\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u65e0\u610f\u4e49(\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u6ca1\u6267\u884c\u5b8c)&#xff0c;\u4f4e\u516b\u4f4d&#xff0c;<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">core dump<\/span>(\u4e00\u4f4d)&#043;\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7(\u4e03\u4f4d)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b8f<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">WEXITSTATUS(<\/span>stat_loc<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">)<\/span>&#xff0c;\u83b7\u53d6\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b8f<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">WIFEXITED(<\/span>stat_loc<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">)<\/span>&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u771f&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u5047\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color:#ad720d\">options<\/span>&#xff0c;\u4e3a<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">0<\/span>&#xff0c;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85(\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa)&#xff0c;\u82e5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">pid<\/span>&#xff0c;\u82e5\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25(\u5982pid\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728)&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">-1<\/span>\u3002\u4e3a<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">WNOHANG<\/span>&#xff0c;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85(\u8be2\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21&#xff0c;\u77e5\u9053\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u8be2\u95ee)&#xff0c;\u82e5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">pid<\/span>&#xff0c;\u82e5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de<span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">0<\/span>&#xff0c;\u82e5\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25(\u5982pid\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728)&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">-1<\/span>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"4%E3%80%81%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2\">4\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"4.1%20%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86\">4.1 \u66ff\u6362\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n<p>\u7528 <span style=\"color:#ad720d\">fork\u00a0<\/span>\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u548c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u652f&#xff09;\u3002\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u79cd <span style=\"color:#ad720d\">exec\u00a0<\/span>\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 <span style=\"color:#ad720d\">exec\u00a0<\/span>\u51fd\u6570\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684<span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e<\/span>\u4f1a\u88ab\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f<span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">\u5b8c\u5168\u66ff\u6362<\/span>(\u66ff\u6362\u5c31\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u89e6\u53d1\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u8986\u76d6)&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4ece\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8c03\u7528 <span style=\"color:#ad720d\">exec\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u8c03\u7528\u524d\u540e\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u00a0<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">PID\u00a0<\/span>\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"4.2%20%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0\">4.2 \u66ff\u6362\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color:#ad720d\">path\/file<\/span>&#xff0c;\u662f\u8981\u6267\u884c\u8c01&#xff0c;<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">arg\/argv<\/span>&#xff0c;\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6267\u884c(\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u600e\u4e48\u5199&#xff0c;\u5c31\u600e\u4e48\u5199)&#xff0c;<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">envp<\/span>&#xff0c;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf(\u4f1a<span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>)<\/p>\n<p>int execl(const char *path, const char *arg0, &#8230;, NULL);<br \/>\nint execlp(const char *file, const char *arg0, &#8230;, NULL);<br \/>\nint execle(const char *path, const char *arg0, &#8230;, NULL, char *const envp[]);<\/p>\n<p>int execv(const char *path, char *const argv[]);<br \/>\nint execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);<br \/>\nint execvpe(const char *file, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]); <\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u6309\u7167\u00a0PATH(\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf)\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u5426\u6307\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u540e\u7f00\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>execl<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:107px\">\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:143px\">\u274c \u5426<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:161px\">\u274c \u9ed8\u8ba4\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<td>l&#061;list<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>execv<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:107px\">\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:143px\">\u274c \u5426<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:161px\">\u274c \u9ed8\u8ba4\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<td>v&#061;vector<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>execlp<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:107px\">\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:143px\">\u2705 \u662f<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:161px\">\u274c \u9ed8\u8ba4\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<td>p&#061;PATH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>execvp<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:107px\">\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:143px\">\u2705 \u662f<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:161px\">\u274c \u9ed8\u8ba4\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<td>p&#061;PATH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>execle<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:107px\">\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:143px\">\u274c \u5426<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:161px\">\u2705 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<td>e&#061;environment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>execvpe<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:107px\">\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:143px\">\u2705 \u662f<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:161px\">\u2705 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<td>pe&#061;PATH&#043;environment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>exec\u7cfb\u5217\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">-1<\/span>&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u6210\u529f\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e86&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9700\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5224\u65ad&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u6267\u884cexec\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868\u8fd8\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u90fd\u8981\u663e\u793a\u4ee5<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">NULL<\/span>\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e26\u4e86<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">p<\/span>&#xff0c;\u5c31\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">PATH<\/span>\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">p<\/span>&#xff0c;\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e26\u4e86<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">e<\/span>&#xff0c;\u5c31\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf(\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u589e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u60f3\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">putenv()<\/span>&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u975e <span style=\"color:#ad720d\">e\u00a0<\/span>\u540e\u7f00\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u00a0<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">e\u00a0<\/span>\u540e\u7f00\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f20<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">environ<\/span>(\u6307\u5411\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u7684\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u9700\u58f0\u660eextern char ** environ;)&#xff0c;\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ee7\u627f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd8\u6709<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">execve<\/span>&#xff0c;\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u662f\u5bf9<span style=\"color:#ad720d\">execve<\/span>\u7684\u5c01\u88c5&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>int execve(const char *path, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb1.5k\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e47\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf42\u6b21\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a1. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u901a\u8fc7fork()\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u8c03\u7528\u4f1a\u590d\u5236\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u30022. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u5305\u62ec\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa(return\/exit)\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62(_exit)\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u8868\u793a\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u30023. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u901a\u8fc7wait\/waitpid\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u56de\u6536\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u30024. 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