{"id":40994,"date":"2025-05-30T12:27:15","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T04:27:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/40994.html"},"modified":"2025-05-30T12:27:15","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T04:27:15","slug":"%e3%80%90c%e5%ba%96%e4%b8%81%e8%a7%a3%e7%89%9b%e3%80%91c11-%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%80%e7%9a%84%e5%88%97%e8%a1%a8%e5%88%9d%e5%a7%8b%e5%8c%96-auto-decltype-nullptr-stl%e4%b8%ad%e4%b8%80%e4%ba%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/40994.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010C++\u5e96\u4e01\u89e3\u725b\u3011C++11---\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316 | auto | decltype | nullptr | STL\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

🍁\u4f60\u597d，\u6211\u662f RO-BERRY <\/font> <\/p>\n

📗 \u81f4\u529b\u4e8eC\u3001C++\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001TCP\/IP\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u77e5\u8bc6<\/font> <\/p>\n

🎄\u611f\u8c22\u4f60\u7684\u966a\u4f34\u4e0e\u652f\u6301 ，\u6545\u4e8b\u65e2\u6709\u4e86\u5f00\u5934，\u5c31\u8981\u753b\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u53e5\u53f7，\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u52a0\u6cb9<\/font> <\/p>\n

\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n
    \n
  • 1. C++11\u7b80\u4ecb<\/li>\n
  • 2. \u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/li>\n
  • \n
      \n
    • 2.1 ｛｝\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/li>\n
    • 2.2 std::initializer_list<\/li>\n
    • \n
        \n
      • std::initializer_list\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6587\u6863：<\/li>\n
      • **std::initializer_list\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b：**<\/li>\n
      • std::initializer_list\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f：<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • 3. \u58f0\u660e<\/li>\n
      • \n
          \n
        • 3.1 auto<\/li>\n
        • 3.2 decltype<\/li>\n
        • 3.3 nullptr<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • 4.STL\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \n

          1. C++11\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h2>\n

          🍁\u57282003\u5e74C++\u6807\u51c6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u66fe\u7ecf\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u6280\u672f\u52d8\u8bef\u8868(\u7b80\u79f0TC1)，\u4f7f\u5f97C++03\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86C++98\u79f0\u4e3aC++11\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6700\u65b0C++\u6807\u51c6\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n

          🍁\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7531\u4e8eC++03(TC1)\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9C++98\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u590d，\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u52a8，\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u7684\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5408\u5e76\u79f0\u4e3aC++98\/03\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

          🎄\u4eceC++0x\u5230C++11，C++\u6807\u51c610\u5e74\u78e8\u4e00\u5251，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u73ca\u73ca\u6765\u8fdf\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8eC++98\/03，C++11\u5219\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u53d8\u5316，\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7ea6140\u4e2a\u65b0\u7279\u6027，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9C++03\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u7ea6600\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4fee\u6b63，\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97C++11\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4eceC++98\/03\u4e2d\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u800c\u8a00，C++11\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5e93\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u52a0\u6cdb\u534e\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u5316\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u5b89\u5168，\u4e0d\u4ec5\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927，\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387，\u516c\u53f8\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4e5f\u7528\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a，\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\u3002C++11\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7279\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u7bc7\u5e45\u975e\u5e38\u591a，\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u4e00 \u4e00\u8bb2\u89e3，\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u89e3\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

          C++11\u662fC++\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7248\u672c，\u4e5f\u662f\u81eaC++98\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u66f4\u6539，\u4ee5\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u73b0\u6709\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e76\u6539\u8fdbC++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u3002 \u57282011\u5e748\u670812\u65e5\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97ISO\u6279\u51c6\u4e4b\u524d，\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u540d\u79f0\u201cC++0x\u201d，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9884\u8ba1\u5c06\u57282010\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u4eceC++03\u5230C++11\u82b1\u4e868\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4，\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u7248\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u957f\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77，\u76ee\u524d，C++\u6bcf3\u5e74\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n

          \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u7ec3\u529f\u6253\u602a\u5347\u7ea7\u4e00\u6837，\u4e5f\u662f\u9010\u6b65\u9012\u8fdb，\u7531\u6d45\u5165\u6df1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e0bC++\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n\n\u7248\u672c\u5185\u5bb9<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          C with classes<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u53ca\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u3001\u516c\u6709\u548c\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458\u3001\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u548c\u6790\u6784\u3001\u53cb\u5143\u3001\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C++1.0<\/td>\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u6982\u5ff5，\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d，\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u5e38\u91cf\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C++2.0<\/td>\n\u66f4\u52a0\u5b8c\u5584\u652f\u6301\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61，\u65b0\u589e\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u3001\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u4ee5\u53caconst\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C++3.0<\/td>\n\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584，\u5f15\u5165\u6a21\u677f，\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u6784\u9020\u548c\u6790\u6784\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C++98<\/td>\nC++\u6807\u51c6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c，\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u90fd\u652f\u6301，\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7(ISO)\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u534f\u4f1a\u8ba4\u53ef，\u4ee5\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cd\u5199C++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93，\u5f15\u5165\u4e86STL(\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u677f\u5e93)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C++03<\/td>\nC++\u6807\u51c6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7248\u672c，\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027\u65e0\u5927\u6539\u53d8，\u4e3b\u8981：\u4fee\u8ba2\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u591a\u5f02\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C++05<\/td>\nC++\u6807\u51c6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u8ba1\u6570\u62a5\u544a(Technical Report，TR1)，\u6b63\u5f0f\u66f4\u540dC++0x，\u5373：\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a10\u5e74\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u5e03<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C++11<\/td>\n\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7279\u6027，\u4f7f\u5f97C++\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u8bed\u8a00，\u6bd4\u5982：\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u8303\u56f4for\u5faa\u73af\u3001auto\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3001\u65b0\u5bb9\u5668\u3001\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e93\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C++14<\/td>\n\u5bf9C++11\u7684\u6269\u5c55，\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4fee\u590dC++11\u4e2d\u6f0f\u6d1e\u4ee5\u53ca\u6539\u8fdb，\u6bd4\u5982：\u6cdb\u578b\u7684lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f，auto\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc，\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C++17<\/td>\n\u5728C++11\u4e0a\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5e45\u6539\u8fdb，\u589e\u52a0\u4e8619\u4e2a\u65b0\u7279\u6027，\u6bd4\u5982：static_assert()\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u9009，Fold\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6a21\u677f，if\u548cswitch\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5668\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C++20<\/td>\n\u81eaC++11\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248，\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u7279\u6027，\u6bd4\u5982：\u6a21\u5757(Modules)\u3001\u534f\u7a0b(Coroutines)\u3001\u8303\u56f4(Ranges)\u3001\u6982\u5ff5(Constraints)\u7b49\u91cd\u5927\u7279\u6027，\u8fd8\u6709\u5bf9\u5df2\u6709\u7279\u6027\u7684\u66f4\u65b0：\u6bd4\u5982Lambda\u652f\u6301\u6a21\u677f\u3001\u8303\u56f4for\u652f\u6301\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C++23<\/td>\n\u5236\u5b9aing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          C++\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5411\u540e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4f46\u662f：\u73b0\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u4e3b\u6d41\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd8\u662fC++98\u548cC++11，\u6240\u6709\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u7528\u8ffd\u6c42\u6700\u65b0，\u91cd\u70b9\u5c06C++98\u548cC++11\u638c\u63e1\u597d，\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e，\u968f\u7740\u5bf9C++\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u6df1，\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u7422\u78e8\u4e0b\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u2728\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b：<\/p>\n

          1998\u5e74\u662fC++\u6807\u51c6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74，\u672c\u6765\u8ba1\u5212\u4ee5\u540e\u6bcf5\u5e74\u89c6\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u6807\u51c6，C++\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u7814\u7a76C++ 03\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u5212\u662f2007\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03，\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u521d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u53ebC++ 07\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u523006\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5b98\u65b9\u89c9\u5f972007\u5e74\u80af\u5b9a\u5b8c\u4e0d\u6210C++ 07，\u800c\u4e14\u5b98\u65b9\u89c9\u5f972008\u5e74\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u5b8c\u4e0d\u6210\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5e72\u8106\u53ebC++ 0x\u3002x\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5230\u5e95\u80fd\u572807\u8fd8\u662f08\u8fd8\u662f09\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u7ed3\u679c2010\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5b8c\u6210，\u6700\u540e\u57282011\u5e74\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86C++\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9a\u540d\u4e3aC++11\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n

          2. \u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h2>\n

          2.1 ｛｝\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h3>\n
        • \u5728C++98\u4e2d，\u6807\u51c6\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7{}\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982：<\/li>\n

          struct<\/span> Point<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \n int<\/span> _x;<\/span>
          \n int<\/span> _y;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nint<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \n int<\/span> array1[<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n int<\/span> array2[<\/span>5<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span> 0<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n Point p =<\/span> {<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        • C++11\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u7528\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u7684\u5217\u8868(\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868)\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4，\u4f7f\u5176\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\u578b，\u4f7f\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u65f6，\u53ef\u6dfb\u52a0\u7b49\u53f7(=)，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4e0d\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002<\/li>\n

          struct<\/span> Point<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \n int<\/span> _x;<\/span>
          \n int<\/span> _y;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nint<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \n int<\/span> x1 =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/\u7ed9x1\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1<\/span>
          \n int<\/span> x2{<\/span> 2<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/\u7ed9x2\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a2<\/span>
          \n int<\/span> x3 =<\/span> {<\/span>3<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/\u7ed9x3\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a3<\/span><\/p>\n

          int<\/span> array[<\/span>5<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/\u539f\u7248\u672c<\/span>
          \n int<\/span> array1[<\/span>]<\/span>{<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n int<\/span> array2[<\/span>5<\/span>]<\/span>{<\/span> 0<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          Point p{<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n \/\/ C++11\u4e2d\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u7528\u4e8enew\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d<\/span>
          \n int<\/span>*<\/span> pa =<\/span> new int<\/span>[<\/span>4<\/span>]<\/span>{<\/span> 0<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        • \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/li>\n

          class Date
          \n{<\/span>
          \npublic:<\/span>
          \nDate<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> year,<\/span> int<\/span> month,<\/span> int<\/span> day)<\/span>
          \n:<\/span>_year<\/span>(<\/span>year)<\/span>
          \n,<\/span> _month<\/span>(<\/span>month)<\/span>
          \n,<\/span> _day<\/span>(<\/span>day)<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \ncout <<<\/span> "Date(int year, int month, int day)"<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span>
          \nprivate:<\/span>
          \nint<\/span> _year;<\/span>
          \nint<\/span> _month;<\/span>
          \nint<\/span> _day;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nint<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \nDate d1<\/span>(<\/span>2024<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u539f\u7248\u672cC++98\u7684\u6784\u9020<\/span><\/p>\n

          \/\/ \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662fC++11\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316，\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span>
          \nDate d2{<\/span> 2024<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nDate d3 =<\/span> {<\/span> 2024<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nreturn<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u652f\u6301<\/p>\n

          \u603b\u4e4bC++11\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u53ef\u7528{ }\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n

          \n

          2.2 std::initializer_list<\/h3>\n

          🎄Date\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6784\u9020\u5c31\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 🎄vector\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6784\u9020\u5219\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86initializer_list<\/p>\n

          \u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6784\u9020，\u4f46\u662fDate\u8c03\u7528\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u5165\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570，vector\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u5165\u65e0\u6570\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570，\u56e0\u4e3avector\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u662finitializer_list\u7684\u6784\u9020<\/font><\/p>\n

          \/\/\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316vector<\/span>
          \nvector<<\/span>int<\/span>><\/span> v =<\/span> {<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>}<\/span>
          \n\/\/\u8fd9\u91cc\u53f3\u8fb9\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86initializer_list<\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

          \n

          std::initializer_list\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6587\u6863：<\/h4>\n

          http:\/\/www.cplusplus.com\/reference\/initializer_list\/initializer_list\/<\/p>\n

          \n

          std::initializer_list\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b：<\/h4>\n

          \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

          \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230initializer_list\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u7248，\u6211\u4eec\u4f20\u5165\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

          int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \n\/\/ the type of il is an initializer_list <\/span>
          \nauto<\/span> il =<\/span> {<\/span> 10<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span>,<\/span> 30<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
          \ninitializer_list<<\/span>int<\/span>><\/span> il2 =<\/span> {<\/span> 1<\/span> ,<\/span>2<\/span> ,<\/span>3<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684<\/span>
          \ncout <<<\/span> typeid<\/span>(<\/span>il)<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
          \nreturn<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

          int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \n\/\/ the type of il is an initializer_list <\/span>
          \nauto<\/span> il =<\/span> {<\/span> 1.1<\/span> ,<\/span>1.2<\/span> ,<\/span>1.3<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
          \ncout <<<\/span> typeid<\/span>(<\/span>il)<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
          \nreturn<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

          \n

          🍁\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3ainitializer_list\u4e3aC++11\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668，\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

        • \u4f46\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f，\u8be5\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u4e0d\u662f\u9690\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684，\u5373\u4f7f\u9690\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7c7b\u578b，\u4e5f\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u5934＜initializer_list＞\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u3002<\/li>\n
        • initializer_list\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u6784\u5efa\u7684，\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aT\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u7ec4\u4e00\u6837，\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u975e\u6536\u7f29\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362，\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n
        • initializer_list\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u800c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20：\u590d\u5236initializer_list\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u5e95\u5c42\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65b0\u526f\u672c（\u5f15\u7528\u8bed\u4e49）\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u6b64\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u671f\u4e0einitializer_list\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u671f\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n
          \n

          std::initializer_list\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f：<\/h4>\n
        • \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bb9\u5668：std::initializer_list\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u79cd\u5bb9\u5668，\u5982std::vector\u3001std::list\u3001std::set\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7{}\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2astd::initializer_list\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570，\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n

          \u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6587\u6863：<\/p>\n

          http:\/\/www.cplusplus.com\/reference\/list\/list\/list\/ http:\/\/www.cplusplus.com\/reference\/vector\/vector\/vector\/ http:\/\/www.cplusplus.com\/reference\/map\/map\/map\/ http:\/\/www.cplusplus.com\/reference\/vector\/vector\/operator=\/<\/p>\n

        • \n

          \u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570：std::initializer_list\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570，\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u7ec4\u503c\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570，\u5e76\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528std::initializer_list\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6253\u5370\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61：\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u63a5\u53d7std::initializer_list\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570，\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7{}\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4e3a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u7ec4\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          \n

          3. \u58f0\u660e<\/h2>\n

          c++11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u7b80\u5316\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n

          3.1 auto<\/h3>\n

          😶\u5728C++98\u4e2dauto\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u7b26，\u8868\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u81ea\u52a8\u5b58\u50a8\u7c7b\u578b，\u4f46\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u57df\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5b58\u50a8\u7c7b\u578b，\u6240\u4ee5auto\u5c31\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u503c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

          😶C++11\u4e2d\u5e9f\u5f03auto\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7528\u6cd5，\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u8981\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u663e\u793a\u521d\u59cb\u5316，\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c06\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u503c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

          int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \nint<\/span> i =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nauto<\/span> p =<\/span> &<\/span>i;<\/span>
          \nauto<\/span> pf =<\/span> strcpy;<\/span>
          \ncout <<<\/span> typeid<\/span>(<\/span>p)<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
          \ncout <<<\/span> typeid<\/span>(<\/span>pf)<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
          \nmap<<\/span>string,<\/span> string><\/span> dict =<\/span> {<\/span> {<\/span>"sort"<\/span>,<\/span> "\u6392\u5e8f"<\/span>}<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>"insert"<\/span>,<\/span> "\u63d2\u5165"<\/span>}<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          \/\/map<string, string>::iterator it = dict.begin();<\/span>
          \nauto<\/span> it =<\/span> dict.<\/span>begin<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nreturn<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

          \n

          3.2 decltype<\/h3>\n

          🍁decltype\u662fC++11\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002decltype\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

          decltype(expression)<\/p>\n

          🎄\u5176\u4e2d，expression\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7b49\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528decltype\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b，\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u5197\u4f59\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u4f8b\u5982，\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cfx，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528decltype\u6765\u83b7\u53d6x\u7684\u7c7b\u578b：<\/p>\n

          int<\/span> x =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
          \ndecltype<\/span>(<\/span>x)<\/span> y;<\/span> \/\/ y\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aint<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u53e6\u5916，decltype\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b，\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

          int foo(); decltype(foo()) result; \/\/ result\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aint<\/p>\n

          \u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b，decltype\u662fC++11\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

          template<<\/span>class T1,<\/span> class T2><\/span>
          \nvoid<\/span> F<\/span>(<\/span>T1 t1,<\/span> T2 t2)<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \ndecltype<\/span>(<\/span>t1 *<\/span> t2)<\/span> ret;<\/span>
          \ncout <<<\/span> typeid<\/span>(<\/span>ret)<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span>
          \nint<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
          \n{<\/span>
          \nconst<\/span> int<\/span> x =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
          \ndouble<\/span> y =<\/span> 2.2<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          decltype<\/span>(<\/span>x)<\/span> z =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ ret\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662fint<\/span>
          \ndecltype<\/span>(<\/span>x *<\/span> y)<\/span> ret;<\/span> \/\/ ret\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662fdouble<\/span>
          \ndecltype<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>x)<\/span> p;<\/span> \/\/ p\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662fint*<\/span><\/p>\n

          cout <<<\/span> typeid<\/span>(<\/span>z)<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
          \ncout <<<\/span> typeid<\/span>(<\/span>ret)<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
          \ncout <<<\/span> typeid<\/span>(<\/span>p)<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> <<<\/span> endl;<\/span>
          \nF<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 'a'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nreturn<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \u6ce8\u610f：<\/p>\n

          const \u4fee\u9970int\u3001double\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u4f7f\u7528decltype\u540econst\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931 const \u4fee\u9970\u6307\u9488\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528decltype\u540econst\u4f1a\u4f9d\u65e7\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n

          \n

          3.3 nullptr<\/h3>\n

          🍁\u5728C++\u4e2d，nullptr\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2dNULL\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

        • \n

          \u9996\u5148，nullptr\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u6d88\u9664\u4e86C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2dNULL\u7684\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\u3002\u5728C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d，NULL\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a0，\u4f460\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u96f6\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9aNULL\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u8fd8\u662f\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u800cnullptr\u5219\u660e\u786e\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6307\u9488，\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u5176\u6b21，nullptr\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4f7f\u7528nullptr\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6307\u9488，\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u3002\u540c\u65f6，\u4f7f\u7528nullptr\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u9519\u8bef，\u6bd4\u5982\u5c06\u6574\u6570\u503c\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8d4b\u7ed9\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u6700\u540e，nullptr\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528，\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002\u5728C++\u4e2d，\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u662f\u6307\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570，\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u53c2\u6570\u4e2a\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636enullptr\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8c03\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          \u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b，nullptr\u5728C++\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u610f\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u70b9：\u6d88\u9664NULL\u7684\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u7531\u4e8eC++\u4e2dNULL\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u5b57\u9762\u91cf0，\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u56de\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898，\u56e0\u4e3a0\u65e2\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5e38\u91cf，\u53c8\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u6574\u5f62\u5e38\u91cf\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u51fa\u4e8e\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651，C++11\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e86nullptr，\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n

          #<\/span>ifndef<\/span> NULL<\/span><\/span><\/span>
          \n#<\/span>ifdef<\/span> __cplusplus<\/span><\/span>
          \n#<\/span>define<\/span> NULL<\/span> 0<\/span><\/span><\/span>
          \n#<\/span>else<\/span><\/span>
          \n#<\/span>define<\/span> NULL<\/span> (<\/span>(<\/span>void<\/span> *<\/span>)<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span>
          \n#<\/span>endif<\/span><\/span>
          \n#<\/span>endif<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

          4.STL\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316<\/h2>\n

          \u65b0\u5bb9\u5668 \u7528\u6a58\u8272\u5708\u8d77\u6765\u662fC++11\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bb9\u5668，\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u6700\u6709\u7528\u7684\u662funordered_map\u548cunordered_set\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3，\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

          \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u7ec6\u7ec6\u53bb\u770b\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u57fa\u672c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u90fd\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9bC++11\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u5f97 \u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u6bd4\u5982\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86cbegin\u548ccend\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56deconst\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7b49\u7b49，\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u5927，\u56e0\u4e3abegin\u548cend\u4e5f\u662f \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56deconst\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7684，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9526\u4e0a\u6dfb\u82b1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0aC++11\u66f4\u65b0\u540e，\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u6700\u540e\u7528\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u63a5\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u7248\u672c：<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            http:\/\/www.cplusplus.com\/reference\/vector\/vector\/emplace_back\/ http:\/\/www.cplusplus.com\/reference\/vector\/vector\/push_back\/ http:\/\/www.cplusplus.com\/reference\/map\/map\/insert\/ http:\/\/www.cplusplus.com\/reference\/map\/map\/emplace\/<\/p>\n

            \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u5230\u5e95\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u54ea？\u7f51\u4e0a\u90fd\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387，\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684？ \u8bf7\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002\u53e6\u5916emplace\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570，\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u518d\u7ee7 \u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u540e\u9762\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u603b\u7ed3： STL\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316：<\/p>\n

          • \u65b0\u5bb9\u5668<\/li>\n
          • unerdered_xxx \u7528\u5904\u5f88\u5927<\/li>\n
          • array\/forward_list \u7528\u5904\u76f8\u89c1\u4e00\u822c<\/li>\n
          • \u65b0\u63a5\u53e3<\/li>\n
          • \u65e0\u5173\u75db\u75d2\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u2013cbegin\u7b49<\/li>\n
          • initializer_list\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6784\u9020(\u91cd\u8981)<\/li>\n
          • push_xxx\/insert\/emplace\u7b49\u589e\u52a0\u4f18\u8d28\u5e94\u7528\u63d2\u5165\u7248\u672c\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u5927，\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387<\/li>\n
          • \u5bb9\u5668\u65b0\u589e\u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u8d4b\u503c，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u62f7\u8d1d，\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb1.7k\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e72\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf69\u6b21\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86C++11\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001std::initializer_list\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3001auto\u548cdecltype\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4ee5\u53canullptr\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u5230\u4e86STL\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u5bf9\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40985,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,3758,99,426],"topic":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-40994","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-server","8":"tag-c","10":"tag-java","11":"tag-jvm"},"yoast_head":"\n\u3010C++\u5e96\u4e01\u89e3\u725b\u3011C++11-\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316 | auto | decltype | nullptr | STL\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316 - 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