![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042655-6839338f8b729.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u2728\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u843d\u7d6e\u65e0\u58f0\u6625\u5815\u6cea，\u884c\u4e91\u6709\u5f71\u6708\u542b\u7f9e\u00a0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0🌏<\/p>\n 📃\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875：island1314<\/p>\n 🔥\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e13\u680f：C++\u5b66\u4e60<\/p>\n 🚀 \u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8：👍\u70b9\u8d5e 👂🏽\u7559\u8a00 😍\u6536\u85cf \u00a0💞 💞 💞<\/p>\n \u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n 1.\u5f15\u8a00<\/p>\n \u00a01.1 \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n 🌸1.1.1 \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n 🌸1.1.2\u00a0\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n 1.2 \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/p>\n 1.3 \u50cf\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n 1.4\u00a0\u652f\u6301\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u62f7\u8d1d<\/p>\n 2. C++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n 2.1 auto_ptr<\/p>\n 🌈2.1.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n 🌈2.1.2\u00a0\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n 2.2\u00a0unique_ptr<\/p>\n \u27282.2.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n \u27282.2.2\u00a0\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n 🎈2.3.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n 🎈2.3.2 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n 🎈2.3.3 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n 2.4\u00a0weak_ptr<\/p>\n 🧩2.4.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n 🧩2.4.2 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n 🧩2.4.3 \u5bf9\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n 3. \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n 3.1 auto_ptr\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n 3.2\u00a0unique_ptr\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n 3.4\u00a0weak_ptr\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n 📖\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62，\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u4e25\u683c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u671f：<\/span><\/p>\n \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u9759\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u6216\u6808\u5185\u5b58：<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0 📒\u9664\u4e86\u9759\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u6808\u5185\u5b58，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u81ea\u7531\u7a7a\u95f4（free store）\u6216\u5806（heap）\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7528\u5806\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d（dynamically allocate）\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u671f\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u63a7\u5236，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4，\u5f53\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u9500\u6bc1\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u00a0 📒\u9664\u4e86\u5c40\u90e8\u548cstatic\u5bf9\u8c61\u5916，C++\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u671f\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u521b\u5efa\u662f\u65e0\u5173\u7684，\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u65f6，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u624d\u4f1a\u9500\u6bc1\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6781\u5176\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61，C++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u65f6，\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u91ca\u653e\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f46\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u95ee\u9898；<\/p>\n \u00a0 📒C++11\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613（\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u66f4\u5b89\u5168）\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58，\u65b0\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488（smart pointer）\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5e38\u89c4\u6307\u9488，\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4ece\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u770b，\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u662f\u00a0<\/span>RAII(Resource Acquisition Is Initialization，\u8d44\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u5373\u521d\u59cb\u5316)\u00a0<\/span>\u673a\u5236\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u6307\u9488\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u5c42\u5c01\u88c5，\u5229\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u7b49\u7b49）\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6280\u672f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u5f97\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u4f5c\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488，\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n \u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u5982\u4e0b：<\/span><\/p>\n \u6ce8\u610f：\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a<memory><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0 📒\u5728C++\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4f9d\u8d56new\u548cdelete（\u65b0\u5efa\u548c\u5220\u9664）\u6765\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58，\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8enew\u548cdelete\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u4e5f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5220\u9664\u5668，\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6216\u662f\u53cc\u91cd\u91ca\u653e\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488（Smart Pointers）\u767b\u573a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90，\u63a5\u7740\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u6790\u6784\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u501f\u6b64，\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u628a\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4efd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u6258\u7ba1\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n \u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u597d\u5904：<\/p>\n \u00a0 📒\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488，\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u62e5\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f（Lifetime）<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u6781\u5927\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5，\u4e5f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n \u201cThe best code is no code at all.\u201d<\/span> – Jeff Atwood<\/p>\n \u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u9002\u3002\u3010\u8d8a\u5c11\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58，\u8d8a\u5c11\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u3011\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177，\u8ba9\u4f60\u80fd\u66f4\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u800c\u975e\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488SmartPtr\u4e3a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n \u200b\/\/ \u6a21\u677f \u5176\u4e2d\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e86*\u548c->\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26，\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5c31\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b，\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58，\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u516c\u6709\u6210\u5458\u7684\u7c7b，\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd8\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528->\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e0a\u9762\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488SmartPtr\u662f\u6781\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u7684，\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u548c\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c：<\/p>\n int main(){ SmartPtr<int> ap3(new int(2)); return 0; \u9519\u8bef（Clion）：<\/p>\n malloc: *** error for object 0x600003c84030: pointer being freed was not allocated<\/p>\n \u9020\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u539f\u56e0：\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570，\u800c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9ed8\u8ba4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d（\u503c\u62f7\u8d1d）：\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eap1\u548cap2\u3001ap3\u548cap4\u5171\u540c\u7ba1\u7406\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u51fa\u4e86ap1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u540e，\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4，ap2\u518d\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u5757\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002ap3\u548cap4\u540c\u7406\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n \u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u6790\u6784\u95ee\u9898，\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u5417？<\/span><\/p>\n \u7b54\u6848\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u7684，\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u6a21\u62df\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f7f\u7528，\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5e2e\u6307\u9488\u6258\u7ba1\u8d44\u6e90，\u90a3\u4e48\u6307\u9488\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6216\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb，\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u88ab\u62f7\u8d1d\u5bf9\u8c61\u60ac\u7a7a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u91ca\u653e，\u4f46\u662f\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5782\u60ac\u6307\u9488\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77，\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u4e00\u6837\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3RAII，\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e8c\u6b21\u6790\u6784\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u56e0\u4e3a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570，\u4e14\u4e0d\u8bba\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f：\u5bf9\u8c61\u51fa\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f：\u4f8b\u5982\u629b\u5f02\u5e38，\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230catch\u5757\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u4e2d，\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u51fa\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u57df，\u4f9d\u7136\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u540e\u9762\u4ee5\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d（C++98）\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488auto_ptr\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u5728c++\u4e2d，\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u5171\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e864\u79cd：auto_ptr\u3001unique_ptr\u3001shared_ptr \u548c weak_ptr\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n 📝\u5176\u4e2d，auto_ptr \u5728 C++11\u5df2\u88ab\u6452\u5f03，\u5728C++17\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u79fb\u9664\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n 📙\u867d\u7136auto_ptr\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898，\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53d6\u6d88，\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u7528，\u56e0\u6b64\u540e\u9762\u5f04\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<\/p>\n Boost\u5e93，\u5c5e\u4e8eC++\u6269\u5c55\u5e93（\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93），\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8eC++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93（C++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u662f\u5199\u4e86\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u80fd\u7528）<\/p>\n \u6ce8\u610f：\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u9762\u7684 \u4e09\u79cd\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0b\u9762\u667a\u80fd\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7406\u89e3，\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u7c7b<\/p>\n \/\/ Date\u7c7b Date (int year = 1, int month = 1, int day = 1) ~Date() { \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u97621.4 \u91cc\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u7531\u4e8e\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u6b21\u6790\u6784\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u7406，\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u53ea\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u6b21\u6790\u6784\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n int main(){ return 0; \u7136\u800c，\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u540e，\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u518d\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u4e0d\u719f\u6089auto_ptr\u539f\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528，\u56e0\u4e3a\u62f7\u8d1d\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u9020\u6210\u975e\u6cd5\u6307\u9488\u6216\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684（\u62f7\u8d1d\u60ac\u7a7a），\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u9519\u8bef，\u56e0\u6b64\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\u7981\u6b62auto_ptr\u7684\u4f7f\u7528，\u8fdb\u800c\u7531C++11\u7684unique_ptr\u548cshared_ptr\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n \u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u6b21\u6790\u6784\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u7406，\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u53ea\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u6b21\u6790\u6784\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n C++98\u7684auto_ptr\u56e0\u4e3a\u62f7\u8d1d\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u60ac\u5782\u6307\u9488\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u9971\u53d7\u8bdf\u75c5，C++11\u5f15\u5165\u7684unique_ptr\u5219\u7c97\u66b4\u5730\u780d\u6389\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u8fc7C++11\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57delete<\/span>\u7684\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728C++11\u4e4b\u524d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u79c1\u6709\u58f0\u660e\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n 🌞\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8bed\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2aunique_ptr\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u4e00\u4e2aunique_ptr\u62e5\u6709\u3002\u5f53unique_ptr\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1（\u4f8b\u5982\u79bb\u5f00\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u57df）\u65f6，\u5b83\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n \u6837\u4f8b1：（\u521d\u6982）<\/span><\/p>\n int main() { \/\/unique_ptr<Date> up2(new Date[6]); \/\/error，\u56e0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d，\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u7528new []\u6784\u9020\u7684，\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8981\u7528delete[]\u53bb\u9500\u6bc1 return 0; \u6837\u4f8b2：（\u8be6\u7ec6）<\/span><\/p>\n 1. \u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n \u00a02. \u6307\u5b9a\u5220\u9664\u5668<\/p>\n int main() \/\/unique_ptr<int> up = up1; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef，\u4e0d\u80fd\u590d\u5236<\/p>\n \/\/ 2.\u901a\u8fc7\u79fb\u52a8\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \/\/ 3.\u901a\u8fc7reset,\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u5c06\u6307\u9488\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a，\u7136\u540e\u518d\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \/\/\u5bf9\u6bd4reset，release\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4f46\u4e0d\u5220\u9664，\u8fd4\u56de\u539f\u59cb\u6307\u9488 \/*————————– \u4e8c，unique_ptr\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 ——————————*\/ \/\/2.\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c \/*———————————— \u4e09，\u6307\u5b9a\u5220\u9664\u5668 ———————————–*\/ \/\/2.\u4eff\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b（\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u88c5\u5668） \/*———- \u56db，\u72ec\u5360(\u5171\u4eab)\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e ———*\/ \/\/\u5728c++11\u4e2dshared_ptr\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5199\u6cd5，c++11\u4ee5\u540e\u624d\u652f\u6301\u7684 return 0; 🌙shared_ptr\u662fC++11\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n 🌙\u6bcf\u4e2a\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u5757\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n 🌙\u6bcf\u65b0\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u5757\u8d44\u6e90\u5219\u5bf9\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570++，\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u5757\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\u6790\u6784\u65f6\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570 \u2013 \u2013，\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e3a0\u65f6\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u5757\u8d44\u6e90\u4e86，\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90，\u4e5f\u5c31\u652f\u6301\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d，\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u4e3a0\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u91ca\u653e：<\/p>\n 🌙\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8bed\u4e49\u3002\u591a\u4e2ashared_ptr\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2ashared_ptr\u6301\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684shared_ptr\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u6216\u91cd\u7f6e\u65f6，\u8be5\u5bf9<\/p>\n \u8c61\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n \u6837\u4f8b1：（\u521d\u6982）<\/span><\/p>\n int main() { cout << sp1.use_count() << endl; \/\/\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<\/p>\n \/\/\u5b9a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u5668 shared_ptr<Date> sp6 = make_shared<Date>(2024, 8, 5); return 0; 1. \u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n shared_ptr\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002\u591a\u4e2ashared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e00\u53d1\u751f\u65f6，\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u5176\u5185\u5b58：<\/p>\n 2.\u00a0\u83b7\u53d6\u539f\u59cb\u6307\u9488<\/span><\/p>\n \u5bf9\u5e94\u57fa\u7840\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u8bf4，\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6548\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684，\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5171\u4eab\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u53d6\u51fa\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5730\u5740\u518d\u64cd\u4f5c，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684get()\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u59cb\u5730\u5740<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u00a03. \u6307\u5b9a\u5220\u9664\u5668<\/p>\n 4. \u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<\/p>\n \u6837\u4f8b2：（\u8be6\u7ec6）<\/span><\/p>\n int main() \/\/ 2.\u901a\u8fc7\u79fb\u52a8\u548c\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316 shared_ptr<int> sp3 = sp2; \/\/\u8d4b\u503c \/\/ 3.\u901a\u8fc7 std::make_shared\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \/\/ 4.\u901a\u8fc7reset\u521d\u59cb\u5316 sp5.reset(new Test("hello")); \/\/\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e86\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61，\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5df2\u7ecf\u91ca\u653e cout << endl << endl;<\/p>\n \/*—————————– \u4e8c，\u5171\u4eab\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488shared_ptr\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 ——————————*\/ \/\/ 2.\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c cout << endl << endl;<\/p>\n \/\/\/*—————————— \u4e09，\u6307\u5b9a\u5220\u9664\u5668 ———————————–*\/ 2.\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u6307\u5b9a\u5220\u9664\u5668，\u5426\u5219\u5185\u5b58\u65e0\u6cd5\u5168\u90e8\u91ca\u653e 3.\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528c++\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5220\u9664\u5668\u51fd\u6570（\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f） 4.c++11\u4ee5\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5199 \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58 return 0; \u00a0\u6b64\u5916\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c01\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677fmake_shared_array\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8ba9shared_ptr\u652f\u6301\u6570\u7ec4：<\/p>\n template <typename T> int main() shared_ptr<string> ptr2 = make_share_array<string>(7); \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0shared_ptr\u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5806\u533a，\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684shared_ptr\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5728\u6808\u533a，\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2ashared_ptr\u6539\u53d8\u6307\u5411\u6216\u8005\u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6，\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u77e5\u5176\u4ed6shared_ptr\u66f4\u65b0\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u5171\u7528\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458，\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ba1\u7406\u76f8\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n \u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u5806\u533a\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u548c\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u662f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684，\u5f53\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6，\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n \u2b50\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488std::weak_ptr\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u662fshared_ptr\u7684\u52a9\u624b，\u662f\u5bf9shared_ptr\u6240\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u62e5\u6709\u6027\u5f15\u7528，\u5b83\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7406shared_ptr\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002std::weak_ptr\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u8f7d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26*\u548c->，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab\u6307\u9488，\u4e0d\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\u8d44\u6e90，\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684\u6784\u9020\u4e0d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570，\u6790\u6784\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684shared_ptr\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u65f6，\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u6709weak_ptr\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u76d1\u89c6shared_ptr\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728，\u89e3\u51b3shared_ptr\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5229\u7528\u7387\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u6027，C++\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u6808\u4e2d，\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e，\u90a3\u6808\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u540c\u6837\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf，\u5b58\u5728\u6808\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n \u6837\u4f8b1：（\u521d\u6982）<\/span><\/p>\n \/\/ \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 weadk_ptr \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 weak_ptr<Date> wp; } } <\/p>\n \u6837\u4f8b2：（\u8be6\u7ec6）<\/span><\/p>\n std::weak_ptr\u5e95\u5c42\u4e0estd::shared_ptr\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236，\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n int main() weak_ptr<int> wp1;; \/\/\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7aweak_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61 weak_ptr<int> wp4; weak_ptr<int> wp5; \/*—————————- \u4e8c，weak_ptr\u5e38\u7528\u51fd\u6570 ——————————*\/<\/p>\n \/\/ 1.\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528weak_ptr\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684use_count()\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5f53\u524d\u5171\u4eab\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u7684shared_ptr\u6570\u91cf cout << "wp4\u7ba1\u7406\u7684shared_ptr\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570：" << wp4.use_count() << endl; cout << endl << endl;<\/p>\n \/\/ 2.\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528std::weak_ptr\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684expired()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5224\u65ad \/\/ 3.\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528weak_ptr\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684lock()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u76d1\u6d4b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684shared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61,\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2ashared_ptr，\u589e\u52a0\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570 return 0; \u5047\u5982\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/p>\n struct ListNode{ \u00a0\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00：\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728shaed_ptr\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732<\/p>\n int main() n1->_next = n2; cout << n1.use_count() << endl; return 0; \u60c5\u51b5\u4e8c：\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u53e5n2->_prev = n1; \u5230\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d，\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e92\u76f8\u6307\u5411，\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732<\/p>\n \u60c5\u51b5\u4e09：\u9020\u6210\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u6c38\u4e0d\u4e3a0，\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u6539\u4e3aweak_ptr\u5373\u53ef：<\/p>\n 🌸\u7531\u4e0a\u9762\u53ef\u77e5：weak_ptr\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u914d\u5408shared_ptr\u800c\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531shared_ptr\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2aweak_ptr\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2ashared_ptr\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8shared_ptr\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n 🌸\u5b83\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a shared_ptr \u6216\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a weak_ptr \u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020，\u5b83\u7684\u6784\u9020\u548c\u6790\u6784\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5f15\u7528\u8bb0\u6570\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u6240\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u91ca\u653e，\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u8bbf\u95ee\u975e\u6cd5\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4，weak_ptr\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f25\u8865shared_ptr\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u800c\u751f\u7684，\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709RAII\u7684\u7279\u6027，\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90，\u53ea\u662fshared_ptr\u7684\u8ddf\u73ed，\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662fweak_ptr\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528shared_ptr\u6784\u9020\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a，weak_ptr\u652f\u6301\u6307\u9488\u6240\u6709\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u578b\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u800c\u662f\u8f85\u52a9\u578b，\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u89e3\u51b3shared_ptr\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n 🌸\u4e0e shared_ptr \u4e0d\u540c，weak_ptr \u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61，\u9700\u8981\u5148\u8c03\u7528 lock() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a shared_ptr\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1，\u5219 lock() \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n 📚\u770b\u5b8c\u524d\u9762\u5176\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0，\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u4e5f\u6709\u4e2a\u5927\u6982\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86，\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5427，\u5982unique_ptr\u3001shared_ptr\u3001weak_ptr.<\/p>\n \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0，\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0b\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n \u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u50cf\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528，\u53ea\u8981\u91cd\u8f7d\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u9488\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0RAII，\u6700\u540e\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/p>\n auto_ptr\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406：\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u601d\u60f3<\/p>\n \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570：\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5b83\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5224\u7a7a，\u53ea\u6709\u6307\u9488\u975e\u7a7a\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c，\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u540e\u5bf9\u5176\u7f6e\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570：\u7528\u4f20\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u6784\u9020\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5e76\u5c06\u4f20\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6307\u9488\u7f6e\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570：\u5148\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e，\u7136\u540e\u518d\u63a5\u7ba1\u4f20\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90，\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u4f20\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6307\u9488\u7f6e\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n namespace qian { \u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b：\u53bb\u9664auto_ptr\u4e2d\u62f7\u8d1d\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n 📚\u6ce8\u610f：C++98\u4e2d，delete\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0d\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u9ed8\u8ba4\u51fd\u6570，\u800cC++11\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u8d4b\u4e88delete\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u529f\u80fd：\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8c03\u7528，\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u4e2d\u7528\u5230\u4e86delete<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n namespace qian T& operator*() return 0; \u5176\u4e2d，operator = \u7684\u91cd\u8f7d\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898：<\/span><\/p>\n namespace qian int main(){ qian::shared_ptr<int> sp3(new int(0)); qian::shared_ptr<int> sp4(new int(2)); return 0; namespace qian \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u5566，\u540e\u9762\u6211\u4f1a\u5355\u72ec\u51fa\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u535a\u5ba2，\u656c\u8bf7\u671f\u5f85\u54af！！！<\/p>\n 💞 💞 💞\u90a3\u4e48\u672c\u7bc7\u5230\u6b64\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f，\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u548c\u542f\u793a，\u611f\u8c22\u5927\u5bb6\u652f\u6301！！！\u795d\u5927\u5bb6\u5929\u5929\u5f00\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n \u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb1.8k\u6b21\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u5566\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u6211\u4f1a\u5355\u72ec\u51fa\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\uff0c\u656c\u8bf7\u671f\u5f85\u54af\uff01\uff01\uff01\ud83d\udc9e \ud83d\udc9e \ud83d\udc9e\uff01\uff01\u795d\u5927\u5bb6\u5929\u5929\u5f00\u5fc3\u3002_\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u8be6\u89e3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40946,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,3757,371,190],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-40962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-c-","tag-371","tag-190"],"yoast_head":"\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042655-6839338fb5057.gif\")
<\/p>\n
\n
\n1.\u5f15\u8a00<\/h3>\n
\n
\n
\u00a01.1 \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/h4>\n
🌸1.1.1 \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58<\/h5>\n
\n
\n
🌸1.1.2\u00a0\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/h5>\n
\n
\n
1.2 \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h4>\n
\n
1.3 \u50cf\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n
\ntemplate<class T>
\nclass SmartPtr {
\npublic:
\nSmartPtr(T* ptr = nullptr) \/\/\u5f53\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6，\u8d4b\u4e88nullptr\u7f3a\u7701\u503c
\n: _ptr(ptr)
\n{}
\n~SmartPtr(){
\nif (_ptr)
\ndelete _ptr;
\n}
\nT& operator*() { return *_ptr; }
\nT* operator->() { return _ptr; }
\nprivate:
\nT* _ptr;
\n};
\nint main()
\n{
\n SmartPtr<int> p(new int(1));
\n cout << *p << endl;
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n1.4\u00a0\u652f\u6301\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u62f7\u8d1d<\/h4>\n
\nSmartPtr<int> ap1(new int(1));
\nSmartPtr<int> ap2(ap1); \/\/\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020<\/p>\n
\n SmartPtr<int> ap4(new int(2));
\n ap4 = ap3; \/\/ \u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c<\/p>\n
\n} <\/p>\n\n
2. C++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042655-6839338fc478a.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\n\n
\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b<\/tr>\n \n unique_ptr<\/td>\n \u72ec\u5360\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u8be5\u6307\u9488\u72ec\u5360\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u667a\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be5\u6307\u9488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n shared_ptr<\/td>\n \u5171\u4eab\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u591a\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n weak_ptr<\/td>\n \u5f31\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488，\u8be5\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u62e5\u6709\u6027\u5f15\u7528，\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab\u6307\u9488，\u4e0d\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\u8d44\u6e90，\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2ashared_ptr，\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514dshared_ptr\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\nstruct Date{
\nint _year;
\nint _month;
\nint _day;<\/p>\n
\n: _year(year)
\n, _month(month)
\n, _day(day)
\n{}<\/p>\n
\ncout << "~Date()" << endl;
\n}
\n};
\n\/\/\u6307\u5b9a\u5220\u9664\u5668\u6a21\u677f
\ntemplate<class T>
\nclass DeleteArray{
\npublic:
\nvoid operator()(T* ptr){
\ndelete[] ptr;
\n}
\n};
\n\/\/\u6587\u4ef6\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6a21\u677f
\nclass Fclose{
\npublic:
\nvoid operator()(FILE* ptr){
\ncout << "fclose:" << ptr << endl;
\nfclose(ptr);
\n}
\n};
\n\/\/Test\u7c7b
\nclass Test
\n{
\npublic:
\nTest() : _num(0)
\n{
\ncout << "Test() \u6784\u9020\u6210\u529f…" << endl;
\n}
\nTest(int x) : _num(0)
\n{
\ncout << "Test(int x) \u6784\u9020\u6210\u529f, x = " << x << endl;
\n}
\nTest(string str) : _num(0)
\n{
\ncout << "Test(string str) \u6784\u9020\u6210\u529f, str = " << str << endl;
\n}
\n~Test()
\n{
\ncout << "~Test() \u6790\u6784\u6210\u529f…" << endl;
\n}
\nvoid setValue(int v)
\n{
\nthis->_num = v;
\n}
\nvoid print()
\n{
\ncout << "_num: " << this->_num << endl;
\n}
\nprivate:
\nint _num;
\n};<\/p>\n
\n2.1 auto_ptr<\/h4>\n
🌈2.1.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h5>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042656-6839339018d13.png\")
<\/p>\n🌈2.1.2\u00a0\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n
\nauto_ptr<Date> ap1(new Date);
\n\/\/\u62f7\u8d1d\u65f6，\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u9650\u8f6c\u79fb，\u88ab\u62f7\u8d1d\u60ac\u7a7a
\nauto_ptr<Date> ap2(ap1);
\n\/\/\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5d29，\u56e0\u4e3aauto_ptr\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb，\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4ap1\u7a7a\u4e86
\nap1->_year++;<\/p>\n
\n} <\/p>\n
\n2.2\u00a0unique_ptr<\/h4>\n
\u27282.2.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h5>\n
\u27282.2.2\u00a0\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h5>\n
\nunique_ptr<Date> up1(new Date);
\n\/\/\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u62f7\u8d1d
\n\/\/unique_ptr<Date> up2(up1);<\/p>\n
\n\/\/\u5b9a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u5668\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898
\nunique_ptr<Date, DeleteArray<Date>> up2(new Date[6]); \/\/\u7528\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u5220\u9664\u5668
\n\/\/unique_ptr<Date[]> up2(new Date[5]);
\nunique_ptr<FILE, Fclose> up3(fopen("test.cpp", "r"));<\/p>\n
\n} <\/p>\n<\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042656-683933907972c.png\")
<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n{
\n\/*————————– \u4e00，\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488unique_ptr ——————————*\/
\n\/\/ 1.\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316
\nunique_ptr<int> up1(new int(3));<\/p>\n
\nunique_ptr<int> up2 = move(up1); \/\/ \u73b0\u5728up2\u72ec\u5360\u8d44\u6e90，up1\u53d8\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/p>\n
\nup1.reset(new int(7));<\/p>\n
\nup1.release();<\/p>\n
\n\/\/1.\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00
\nunique_ptr<Test> up3(new Test(666));
\nTest* pt = up3.get();
\npt->setValue(6);
\npt->print();<\/p>\n
\nup3->setValue(777);
\nup3->print();<\/p>\n
\n1.\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b
\n\/\/using ptrFunc = void(*)(Test*);
\n\/\/unique_ptr<Test, ptrFunc> up4(new Test("hello"), [](Test* t) {
\n\/\/ cout << "———————–" << endl;
\n\/\/ delete t;
\n\/\/ });<\/p>\n
\nunique_ptr<Test, function<void(Test*)>> up4(new Test("hello"), [](Test* t) {
\ncout << "———————–" << endl;
\ndelete t;
\n});<\/p>\n
\nunique_ptr<Test[]> up5(new Test[3]);<\/p>\n
\nshared_ptr<Test[]> up6(new Test[3]);<\/p>\n
\n} <\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042656-683933909479d.png\")
<\/p>\n
\n2.3\u00a0shared_ptr<\/h4>\n
🎈2.3.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h5>\n
🎈2.3.2 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h5>\n
\n\/\/vector<shared_ptr<Date>> v;
\nshared_ptr<Date> sp1(new Date);
\nshared_ptr<Date> sp2(sp1);
\nshared_ptr<Date> sp3(sp2);<\/p>\n
\nshared_ptr <Date[]> sp4(new Date[5]);
\n\/\/shared_ptr<FILE, Fclose> up5(fopen("test.cpp", "r")); \/\/\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4f20\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570
\nshared_ptr<FILE> up5(fopen("test.cpp", "r"), Fclose());<\/p>\n
\nshared_ptr<int> sp7((int*)malloc(40), [](int* ptr)
\n{
\ncout << "free：" << ptr << endl;
\nfree(ptr);
\n});<\/p>\n
\n} <\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042656-68393390c261f.png\")
<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042656-68393390d74a5.png\")
<\/p>\n
\n{
\n\/*—————————- \u4e00，\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488shared_ptr ——————————*\/
\n\/\/ 1.\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316
\nshared_ptr<int> sp1(new int(3));
\ncout << "sp1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570：" << sp1.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\nshared_ptr<int> sp2 = move(sp1);
\ncout << "sp1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570：" << sp1.use_count() << endl;
\ncout << "sp2\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570：" << sp2.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\ncout << "sp2\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570: " << sp2.use_count() << endl;
\ncout << "sp3\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570: " << sp3.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\nshared_ptr<int> sp4 = make_shared<int>(8);
\nshared_ptr<Test> sp5 = make_shared<Test>(7);
\nshared_ptr<Test> sp6 = make_shared<Test>("Love Life");<\/p>\n
\nsp6.reset();\/\/\u91cd\u7f6esp6, ps6\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u57fa\u6570\u4e3a0
\ncout << "sp6\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570: " << sp6.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\ncout << "sp5\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570: " << sp5.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\n\/\/ 1.\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00
\nTest* t = sp5.get();
\nt->setValue(1000);
\nt->print();<\/p>\n
\nsp5->setValue(7777);
\nsp5->print();<\/p>\n
\n \/\/ 1.\u7b80\u5355\u4e3e\u4f8b
\nshared_ptr<Test> ppp(new Test(100), [](Test* t) {
\n\/\/\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58
\ncout << "Test\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u4e86……." << endl;
\ndelete t;
\n});
\nprintf("———————————————————————-\\\\n");<\/p>\n
\n\/\/\/\/shared_ptr<Test> p1(new Test[5], [](Test* t) {
\n\/\/\/\/ delete[]t;
\n\/\/\/\/ });<\/p>\n
\nshared_ptr<Test> p2(new Test[3], default_delete<Test[]>());<\/p>\n
\nshared_ptr<Test[]> p3(new Test[3]);<\/p>\n
\n} <\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042657-6839339159f5e.png\")
<\/p>\n
\nshared_ptr<T> make_share_array(size_t size)
\n{
\n\/\/\u8fd4\u56de\u533f\u540d\u5bf9\u8c61
\nreturn shared_ptr<T>(new T[size], default_delete<T[]>());
\n}<\/p>\n
\n{
\nshared_ptr<int> ptr1 = make_share_array<int>(10);
\ncout << ptr1.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\ncout << ptr2.use_count() << endl;
\n} <\/p>\n🎈2.3.3 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h5>\n
\n2.4\u00a0weak_ptr<\/h4>\n
🧩2.4.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h5>\n
🧩2.4.2 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h5>\n
\nint main()
\n{
\n\/\/ weak_ptr\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90，\u4e0d\u652f\u6301RAII
\n\/\/std::weak_ptr<Date> wp1(new Date);<\/p>\n
\nshared_ptr<Date> sp; \/\/\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u8fc7\u671f
\n{
\nshared_ptr<Date> n1(new Date);
\nwp = n1;
\ncout << wp.expired() << endl;
\nn1->_day++;
\n\/\/sp = wp.lock();<\/p>\n
\n\/\/ \u51fa\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5c31\u5931\u6548\u4e86
\ncout << wp.expired() << endl;<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042657-68393391b4eee.png\")
<\/p>\n
\n{
\n\/*—————————- \u4e00，\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488weak_ptr ——————————*\/
\n \/\/ weak_ptr\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90，\u4e0d\u652f\u6301RAII
\nshared_ptr<int> sp(new int(2));<\/p>\n
\nweak_ptr<int> wp2(wp1); \/\/\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7aweak_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7aweak_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61
\nweak_ptr<int> wp3(sp); \/\/\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2ashared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u7684weak_ptr\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
\nwp4 = sp; \/\/\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2ashared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u7684weak_ptr\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61（\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362）<\/p>\n
\nwp5 = wp3; \/\/\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2aweak_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u7684weak_ptr\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
\ncout << "wp1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684shared_ptr\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570：" << wp1.use_count() << endl;
\ncout << "wp2\u7ba1\u7406\u7684shared_ptr\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570：" << wp2.use_count() << endl;
\ncout << "wp3\u7ba1\u7406\u7684shared_ptr\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570：" << wp3.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\ncout << "wp5\u7ba1\u7406\u7684shared_ptr\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570：" << wp5.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\n\/\/\u5224\u65ad\u6307\u9488\u6240\u6307\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u6389 \/ \u6307\u9488\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a \/ \u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u6709shared_ptr\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411weak_ptr\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4
\nshared_ptr<int> sp2 = make_shared<int>(10);
\nweak_ptr<int> wp6(sp2); \/\/ shared_ptr\u521d\u59cb\u5316weak_ptr
\nsp2.reset(new int); \/\/ \u6b64\u65f6，\u5df2\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2ashared_ptr\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411weak_ptr\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df
\ncout << "\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u6ca1\u6709shared_ptr\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df：" << wp6.expired() << endl;
\nshared_ptr<int> sp22 = nullptr;
\nweak_ptr<int> wp7(sp22);
\ncout << "weak_ptr\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a：" << wp7.expired() << endl;<\/p>\n
\nshared_ptr<int> sp3 = wp3.lock(); \/\/ \u5229\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u7684shared_ptr\u521d\u59cb\u5316
\ncout << "share_ptr\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a：" <<*sp3 << endl;
\ncout << "wp3\u7ba1\u7406\u7684shared_ptr\u5185\u5b58\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570：" << wp3.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\n} <\/p>\n🧩2.4.3 \u5bf9\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3<\/h5>\n
\nint _data;
\nshared_ptr<ListNode> _next;
\nshared_ptr<ListNode> _prev;
\n\/\/\u7528weak_ptr\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732
\n\/\/weak_ptr<ListNode> _next;
\n\/\/weak_ptr<ListNode> _prev;
\n~ListNode()
\n{
\ncout << "~ListNode()" << endl;
\n}
\n}; <\/p>\n
\n{
\n\/\/ \u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528 –> \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732
\nstd::shared_ptr<ListNode> n1(new ListNode);
\nstd::shared_ptr<ListNode> n2(new ListNode);<\/p>\n
\n\/\/n2->_prev = n1; \/\/\u4e92\u76f8\u6307\u5411，\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732<\/p>\n
\ncout << n2.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\n} <\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042657-68393391c3ce3.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042657-68393391e72e9.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042658-683933920e9c0.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042658-6839339242cec.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042658-683933925c873.png\")
<\/p>\n🧩2.4.4 \u4e0eshared_ptr\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h5>\n
3. \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n
\n
3.1 auto_ptr\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n
\n
\ntemplate<class T>
\nclass auto_ptr
\n{
\npublic:
\nauto_ptr(T* ptr)
\n:_ptr(ptr)
\n{}
\nauto_ptr(auto_ptr<T>& sp)
\n:_ptr(sp._ptr)
\n{
\n\/\/ \u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb
\nsp._ptr = nullptr;
\n}
\nauto_ptr<T>& operator=(auto_ptr<T>& ap)
\n{
\n\/\/ \u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u8d4b\u503c
\nif (this != &ap)
\n{
\n\/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90
\nif (_ptr)
\ndelete _ptr;
\n\/\/ \u8f6c\u79fbap\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d
\n_ptr = ap._ptr;
\nap._ptr = NULL;
\n}
\nreturn *this;
\n}
\n~auto_ptr()
\n{
\nif (_ptr)
\n{
\ncout << "delete:" << _ptr << endl;
\ndelete _ptr;
\n}
\n}
\n\/\/ \u50cf\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528
\nT& operator*()
\n{
\nreturn *_ptr;
\n}
\nT* operator->()
\n{
\nreturn _ptr;
\n}
\nprivate:
\nT* _ptr;
\n}; <\/p>\n3.2\u00a0unique_ptr\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n
\n{
\n template<class T>
\n class unique_ptr
\n {
\n public:
\n unique_ptr(T* ptr = nullptr)
\n :_ptr(ptr)
\n {}
\n ~unique_ptr()
\n {
\n if (_ptr != nullptr)
\n {
\n cout << "delete:" << _ptr << endl;
\n delete _ptr;
\n _ptr = nullptr;
\n }
\n }
\n unique_ptr(auto_ptr<T>& ap) = delete;
\n unique_ptr& operator=(auto_ptr<T>& ap) = delete;<\/p>\n
\n {
\n return *_ptr;
\n }
\n T* operator->()
\n {
\n return _ptr;
\n }
\n private:
\n T* _ptr;
\n };
\n}
\nint main()
\n{
\n qian::unique_ptr<int> up1(new int);
\n qian::unique_ptr<int> up2(new int);
\n up2 = up1; \/\/ error<\/p>\n
\n}<\/p>\n3.3\u00a0shared_ptr\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n
\n
\n
\n{
\n template<class T>
\n class shared_ptr
\n {
\n public:
\n shared_ptr(T* ptr = nullptr)
\n :_ptr(ptr)
\n , _pcount(new int(1))
\n {}
\n ~shared_ptr()
\n {
\n if (–(*_pcount) == 0)
\n {
\n if (_ptr != nullptr)
\n {
\n cout << "delete:" << _ptr << endl;
\n delete _ptr;
\n _ptr = nullptr;
\n }
\n delete _pcount;
\n _pcount = nullptr;
\n }
\n }
\n shared_ptr(shared_ptr<T>& sp)
\n :_ptr(sp._ptr)
\n , _pcount(sp._pcount)
\n {
\n (*_pcount)++;
\n }
\n shared_ptr<T>& operator=(shared_ptr<T>& sp)
\n {
\n if (_ptr != sp._ptr) \/\/ \u7ba1\u7406\u540c\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u8d4b\u503c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49
\n {
\n if (–(*_pcount) == 0) \/\/ \u5c06\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570-1
\n {
\n cout << "delete:" << _ptr << endl;
\n delete _ptr;
\n delete _pcount;
\n }
\n _ptr = sp._ptr; \/\/ \u4e0e\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90
\n _pcount = sp._pcount; \/\/ \u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u548c\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u540c\u6b65
\n (*_pcount)++; \/\/ \u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570+1,\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005
\n }
\n return *this;
\n }
\n \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570
\n int use_count()
\n {
\n return *_pcount;
\n }
\n T& operator*()
\n {
\n return *_ptr;
\n }
\n T* operator->()
\n {
\n return _ptr;
\n }
\n private:
\n T* _ptr;
\n int* _pcount; \/\/ \u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570
\n };
\n}<\/p>\n
\n qian::shared_ptr<int> sp1(new int(1));
\n cout << sp1.use_count() << endl;
\n qian::shared_ptr<int> sp2(sp1);
\n cout << sp1.use_count() << endl;
\n cout << sp2.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\n cout << sp3.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\n sp3 = sp4;
\n cout << sp3.use_count() << endl;
\n cout << sp4.use_count() << endl;<\/p>\n
\n}<\/p>\n3.4\u00a0weak_ptr\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n
\n
\n{
\n template<class T>
\n class weak_ptr
\n {
\n public:
\n weak_ptr()
\n :_ptr(nullptr)
\n {}
\n weak_ptr(const shared_ptr<T>& sp)
\n :_ptr(sp.get()) \/\/sp\u7684get\u63a5\u53e3\u5728share_pr\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b9e\u73b0，\u5982\u4e0a
\n {}
\n weak_ptr& operator=(const shared_ptr<T>& sp)
\n {
\n \/\/_ptr = sp._shared_ptr;
\n _ptr = sp.get();
\n return *this;
\n }
\n T& operator*()
\n {
\n return *_ptr;
\n }
\n T* operator->()
\n {
\n return _ptr;
\n }
\n private:
\n T* _ptr;
\n };
\n}<\/p>\n<\/h3>\n
\n📖\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250530042658-6839339270691.gif\")
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"